Group 2 - Chapter 04: Section 4.5-4.12

Gram- negative cells contain a periplasmic space that is ___. A) filled with lysozyme B) a site of endocytosis C) rich in degradative enzymes D) abundant in photosynthetic pigments E) the site of protein synthesis

C) rich in degradative enzymes

Which of the following processes uses membrane proteins that act as channels or carriers allowing ions or large molecules to move across the plasma membrane without using energy? A) Facilitated diffusion B) Active transport C) Simple diffusion D) Osmosis

Facilitated diffusion

The __________ is a fluid structure that allows membrane proteins to move freely. A) cell membrane B) cell wall C) ribosome D) glycocalyx

cell membrane

A __________ solution is a medium in which the overall concentration of solutes equals that found inside the cell. Water enters and leaves the cell at the same rate. A) hypertonic B) ionic C) hypotonic D) isotonic

isotonic

The nuclear area of the bacterial cell ___. A) is enclosed in a nuclear membrane B) has abundant histone proteins C) is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum D) contains many linear chromosomes E) contains the bacterial chromosome

E) contains bacterial chromosome

Which of the following processes requires cellular energy in the form of ATP? A) Osmosis B) Simple diffusion C) Facilitated diffusion D) Active transport

Active transport

You have isolated a cell with a peptidoglycan cell wall. What other structure can you safely assume the cell has? A) A chloroplast B) A plasma membrane C) A mitochondrion D) A nucleus

A plasma membrane

Which of the following is a likely outcome, based on the unique cell structure of members of the genus mycoplasma? A) mycoplasma species have very flexible cells that can pass through bacteriologic filters B) mycoplasma species usually stain gram positive C) mycoplasma species are susceptible to penicillin D) mycoplasma species are susceptible to disruption by lysozymes E) mycoplasma species can relate endotoxins when they lyse

A) mycoplasma species have very flexible cells that can pass through bacteriologic filters

A eukaryotic cell can ingest a prokaryotic cell by ___. A) phagocytosis B) pinocytosis C) osmosis D) active transport E) digestive vacuolization

A) phagocytosis

Which of the following is not a functionally analogous pair? A) pili; centrioles B) 70S ribisomes; 80S ribosomes C) bacterial flagella; 9+2 flagella D) peptidoglycan; cellulose E) circular bacterial chromosome; -linear eukaryotic chromosomes

A) pili; centrioles

Which of the following organisms have eukaryotic cells that do NOT contain a cell wall? A) Algae B) Plants C) Fungi D) Animals

Animals

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is FALSE? A) Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger (80S) than prokaryotic ribosomes (70S). B) Antibiotics that interfere with protein synthesis harm prokaryotic ribosomes, but not eukaryotic ribosomes. C) Cells with a high rate of protein synthesis have large numbers of ribosomes. D) Antibiotics that interfere with protein synthesis harm both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes.

Antibiotics that interfere with protein synthesis harm both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. WHY: Ribosomes are composed of two subunits, each of which consists of protein and a type of RNA called ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Prokaryotic ribosomes differ from eukaryotic ribosomes in the number of proteins and rRNA molecules they contain; they are also somewhat smaller and less dense than ribosomes of eukaryotic cells.

Which of the following processes occurs in bacterial plasma membranes, but not in eukaryotic plasma membranes? A) active transport B) ATP synthesis C) protein synthesis D) RNA synthesis E) facilitated diffusion

B) ATP synthesis

Bacillus anthracis causes the deadly disease anthrax. Organisms of the genus bacillus may form endospores. This bacterium would be suitable for biological warfare because endospores ___. A) are difficult to stain B) are resistant to high temperatures, UV light, and dedication C) have a high concentration of calcium ions D) are multilayered structures E) are centrally located within the bacterial cells

B) are resistant to high temperatures, UV light, and desiccation

With a light microscope, which of the following would allow discrimination between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? A) observation of photosynthetic pigment B) observation of nuclei C) observation of the ribosomes D) observation of flagella E) observation of the plasma membrane

B) observation of nuclei

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? A) endoplasmic reticulum; internal transport B) ribosomes; storage C) mitochondria; ATP production D) golgi complex; secretion E) lysosome; digestive enzymes

B) ribosomes; storage

What will occur if a bacterial cell with a weakened or damaged cell wall is placed in pure water? A) the cell will shrink B) the cell will swell and burst C) the cell will form endospores D) the cell will remain the same size E) the cell will form a new cell wall

B) the cell will swell and burst

Polyphosphate (volutin), carboxysomes, and magnetosomes are example of ___. A) fimbriae B) mesosomes C) chloroplasts D) capsules E) inclusion bodies

E) inclusion bodies

The antibiotic polymyxin B combines with phospholipids. This will cause ___. A) stoppage of protein synthesis B) loss of motility C) sporulation D) leakage of cell contents E) binary fission

D) leakage of cell contents

Chemotaxis refers to the ability of microorganisms to ___. A) survive under adverse conditions B) escape phagocytosis C) attach to solid surfaces D) move toward or away from chemical stimuli E) move in wavelike motion

D) move toward or away from chemical stimuli

Why is penicillin selectively toxic to bacterial cells but harmless to human cells? A) penicillin is inactivated within lysozymes of human cells B) the glycocalyx of an animal cell provides a barrier through which penicillin cannot pass C) penicillin is rapidly metabolized and destroyed by human cells D) penicillin specifically weakens peptidoglycan, which is found only in bacterial cells E) human cells actively transport penicillin out of the cell.

D) penicillin specifically weakens peptidoglycan, which is found only in bacterial cells

A population of bacterial cells has been placed in a very nutrient- poor environmental with extremely low concentrations of sugars and amino acids. Which kind of membrane transport becomes crucial in this environment? A) osmosis B) pinocytosis C) facilitated diffusion D) simple diffusion E) active transport

E) active transport

Which of the following is not a structure of prokaryotic cells? A) flagella B) ribosome C) chromosome D) capsule E) chloroplast

E) chloroplast

All of the following are true of the gram- negative outer membrane except: A) it contains lipopolysaccharide B) it has polysaccharide antigens that are useful in bacterial identification C) it is a part of the gram- negative cell wall D) it contains lipids also known as endotoxins E) it contains enzymes for energy synthesis

E) it contains enzymes for energy synthesis

The plasma membrane is considered a barrier to the environment because ___. A) the membrane is the outermost structure of the cell B) only water and small molecules may penetrate the membrane C) it is a rigid structure D) no molecules may pass through it E) it controls the passage of molecules into the cell

E) it controls the passage of molecules into the cell

All of the following are found in the cell walls of gram positive bacteria except ___. A) N-acetylglucosamine B) peptidoglycan C) lipoteichoic acid D) teichoic acid E) lipid A

E) lipid A

Assume you are growing a bacterial culture in a glucose medium. Your lab partner adds more glucose in hopes of speeding up the experiment. The bacteria suddenly die. The best explanation for this result is that ___. A) glucose is toxic to bacteria B) osmotic lysis occurred C) the cells underwent sporulation D) the bacteria could not use glucose E) the cells plasmolyzed

E) the cells plasmolyzed

Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms takes place in eukaryotic cells but NOT in prokaryotic cells? A) Facilitated diffusion B) Endocytosis C) Osmosis D) Active transport

Endocytosis

Which of the following statements is true? A) Endospores are reproductive structures. B) One bacterial cell produces many endospores. C) Endospores allow a cell to attach to solid surfaces and to surfaces within the host. D) Endospores are extremely durable structures that can survive high temperatures.

Endospores are extremely durable structures that can survive high temperatures

Which of the following statements does NOT provide evidence for the endosymbiotic theory? A) Prokaryotes contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls. B) The same antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis in prokaryotes also inhibit protein synthesis within mitochondria and chloroplasts. C) The ribosomes contained within mitochondria and chloroplasts are very similar to prokaryotic ribosomes. D) Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular DNA, similar to the DNA in prokaryotes.

Prokaryotes contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

The nucleoid of the bacterial cell __________. A) contains the bacterial chromosome B) has abundant histone proteins C) is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum D) is enclosed in a nuclear membrane E) contains many linear chromosomes

contains the bacterial chromosome

Within the cytoplasm of bacterial cells are reserve deposits where certain nutrients accumulate. These are called __________. ANSWER A) ribosomes B) inclusions C) vacuoles D) lysosomes

inclusions

The endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes attached to its outer surface is referred to as __________. A) Golgi B) rough ER C) smooth ER D) wavy ER

rough ER

The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell differs from the nucleoid of a prokaryotic cell in all of the following ways EXCEPT which one? A) The prokaryotic nucleoid usually contains a single circular chromosome, whereas the eukaryotic nucleus contains multiple linear chromosomes. B) The eukaryotic nucleus contains nucleoli. There are no nucleoli in the prokaryotic nucleoid. C) The eukaryotic nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope. There is no envelope surrounding the prokaryotic nucleoid. D) The prokaryotic nucleoid contains DNA combined with histones. Histones are lacking in the eukaryotic nucleus.

the prokaryotic nucleiod contains DNA combined with histones. Histones are lacking in the eukaryotic nucleus