Guiding Questions for Chapter 21 - Solid & Hazardous Waste

7. What are the major advantages and disadvantages of using incinerators to burn solid and hazardous waste? Distinguish between sanitary landfills and open dumps. What are the major advantages and disadvantages of burying solid waste in sanitary landfills?

-Advantage is that it kills and burn most of the pollution from the trash. The disadvantage is the incinerators release air pollution to harm it surrounding. -Sanitary landfills: solid wastes are spread out in thin layers, compacted, and covered daily with a fresh layer of clay or plastic foam to keep it dry and reduce leakage -Open dumps are fields in the ground where garbage is deposited Major advantage is low operating costs. Disadvantage is air pollution.

4. Distinguish among refusing, reducing, reusing, and recycling in dealing with the solid wastes we produce. Why are the first 3 Rs preferred from an environmental standpoint? What is composting? List 6 ways in which industries and communities can reduce resource use, waste, and pollution.

-Refuse to buy items that we don't really need. -Reduce by consuming less and living more simply -Reuse items that can be reused and don't rely on throwaway items -Recycle items by separating paper,glass,cans and others and buy products that made from recycled items. -Composting created nutrients rich in soil because it is a process of decomposing organic wastes to make soil for plants. 1. Recycle more 2.Use efficiency car 3. Turn off unnecessary technology usage 4. Watch cloth with hot water to kills bacterial 5. Reuse stuff that can be use again 6. Separate trash to help the world

10. What is a secure hazardous waste landfill? List 4 ways to reduce your output of hazardous waste. Summarize how laws in the United States regulate hazardous wastes. What is a brownfield?

-Secure Hazardous Waste Landfills: Liquid and solid hazardous wastes put in drums or other containers and buried in these least used method b/c of expense -Brownfield:An urban area of abandoned, vacant factories, warehouses, and residential sites that may be contaminated from past uses

2. Distinguish between solid waste, industrial solid waste, municipal solid waste (MSW), and hazardous/toxic waste, and give an example of each. Summarize the types and sources of solid waste generated in the United States and explain what happens to it. What is garbology?

-Solid waste:any unwanted or discarded material we produce that is a solid - industrial solid waste:produced by mines, farms, and industries that support people with goods and services -municipal solid waste (MSW):Garbage or trash. It's waste that produce by homes and workplaces(paper,can,bottle) -hazardous/toxic waste: any discard solid or liquid material that is toxic and reactive enough to explode or release toxic fumes -sources of solid waste generated in the United States is MSW because it consists of everyday items we use and then throw away. Most of it are recycling and decomposing. -Garbology is the study of what we do with our waste

3. Distinguish among waste management, waste reduction, and integrated waste management. Summarize the priorities that prominent scientists believe we should use for dealing with solid waste and compare them to actual practices using in the United States.

-Waste management:attempt to control wastes in ways that reduce their environmental harm without seriously reducing the amount of waste produced. This involves mixing wastes together and transferring them by burying, burning, or shipping them -Waste reduction: having less waste and produce waste that we can reuse, recycle, and compost. - integrated waste management.:variety of coordinated strategies for waste disposal and reduction -Dealing with primary and secondary pollution and waste prevention,reduce toxic waste

1. Explain how and why electronic waste (also known as e-waste) has become a growing solid waste problem.

-electronic waste -fastest growing solid waste problem in the US and world -most ends in landfills and incinerators, but most of the components contain materials that can't be recycled or reused -source of toxic and hazardous pollutants

8. What are the priorities that scientists believe we should use in dealing with hazardous waste? Summarize the problems involved in sending e-wastes to less-developed countries for recycling. Describe 3 ways to detoxify hazardous wastes. What is bioremediation? What is phytoremediation? What are the major advantages and disadvantages of using plasma gasification to detoxify hazardous wastes?

1. treat waste to reduce toxicity, incinerate waste, bury in landfills 2. can't be recycled or reused and it is a source of toxic and hazardous pollutants 3. The 3 Rs 4.bioremediation: the act of treating waste or pollutants by the use of microorganisms (as bacteria) that can break down the undesirable substances 5. phytoremediation: using natural or engineered plants to destroy toxic and hazardous waste 6. Disadvantage are High cost, Produces CO2 and CO and release toxic materials. Advantage are Small,Mobile Produces no toxic ash

6. Distinguish between primary/closed-loop recycling and secondary recycling. What are 3 important steps that must occur for any recycling program to work? What are some benefits of composting? What is the benefit of having households and businesses separate their trash into recyclable categories? What is the fee-per-bag approach? Explain how paper and some plastics are being recycled. What are bioplastics? What are the major advantages and disadvantages of recycling?

1.Primary/closed loop recycling: Materials recycled not new products of the same type 2. The 3 Rs 3. That nutrient can turn back to soil and slow down soil erosion 4. So the trash goes through correct disposal place. People at landfill spend less time organizing it too. Save time, save the world. 5. Fee-per-bag: Charge consumers for the amount of waste they throw away but provided free-pickup of recyclable items 6.Bioplastics are plastic that made from corn, soy and natural component and sell in cheaper price than regular plastic 7. Recycling pros is that it reduce impact on landfill, air/water pollution. Cons is that recycling change market price.

9. What are the major advantages and disadvantages of disposing of liquid hazardous wastes in deep underground wells and in surface impoundments?

Advantage are low cost,easy to do and safe method. Disadvantage is that it will leaks or spills at surface. Groundwater contamination from leaking liners.

5. Explain why refusing, reducing, reusing, and recycling are so important, and give examples of each. List 5 ways to reuse various items that can be found in or around your home.

Because those are the method that everyone can do to help the world by correct garbage disposal and reduction. 1. Refillable glass bottle can be use about 15 times 2. Reuse battery by charging 3. Reuse clothing 4. Reuse technology by long tern usage 5. Reuse towel by washing instead of buying a new one.