GY 101 Lab Final

ocean

Marine West Coast climates are wet because of their closeness to the ____

convective

Most rain in tropical wet climates (Af) comes from the ____ lifting of air

subtropical high

The dry winters of Aw climates are associated with the influence of the ____

water vapor

This is the most abundant variable gas

location in middle of continent

What is a primary control of midlatitude desert (BWk) climates?

continental interior/NH

What line or region best corresponds with the location of D climates?

city

in a ____, it is getting warmer w time due to climate change

Sahara

the largest desert is the ___ in N Africa

arid/B

this climate type and its letter are occupy more land surface than any other climate type

climograph

A ____ plots the average monthly temperature and precipitation for a weather station:

descending/warming

A band of deserts is located around the Earth abt about 30*N and 30*S because these are regions of ______, and ____ air

equator

A or tropical climate types usually occur around the ___

hurricanes

A portion of tornado activity in the fall is directly related to this weather event:

April

Deadly tornadoes happen the most in Alabama in this month, and tornadoes in Alabama happen most frequently in this month too:

positively

Is precipitation positively or negatively correlated with ring width?

40-60

Marine West Coast climates are found in these latitudes on the west coasts of continents i.e. Oregon, BC, Washington, AK

temperature anomaly

The departure/difference from a reference value or long-term average

jet stream

The reason tornado activity shifts in the North in the summer is because of ___ ____.

being away from water/variation in sun

The seasonality of temperature for Dfa and Dfb climates can be best explained by:

equator

The wettest climates on Earth are all focused near which important line of latitude?

tornado

These 2 things form a ___: -extreme low pressure -strong pressure gradient

ITCZ

This zone is characterized by frequent cloudiness and rain

Dixie Alley

Tornadoes are everywhere in winter except this zone called ____ ___ which is MS + AL

spring

Universally, tornadoes are most common in this season:

wind shear

We don't have tornadoes in the summer in AL because we have no ___ ___, although the weather is unstable.

greenhouse gas(es)

What is the gas that can effect the temperature of the atmosphere? (CO2, ozone)

high

What latitudes, high or low, best correspond with the location of E climates?

subtropical high

Which is NOT an important control of humid continental (Dfa) climates?

nitrogen

____ is the most abundant permanent gas in the atmosphere:

variable

a ____ gas has uneven distribution in the atmosphere in both time and space -account for only a small percentage of the total mass of the atmosphere -some of these gases profoundly affect the behavior of the atmosphere and even your own physical comfort i.e. water vapor

permanent

a ____ gas is found everywhere in nearly the same proportion in the atmosphere -the atmosphere is more than 99% permanent gases -the most abundant are nitrogen and oxygen

temp/precip

a climograph shows these 2 things

safe

basement/bathroom would be a safe or unsafe place to be in a tornado

C

climate classification in SE USA

cold

cold or hot currents in the Med Sea keep Mediterranean climate dry in the summer

negative

colder than average temp anomaly

weather

day-to-day state of the atmosphere and its short-term variation in minutes to weeks

climate

dendrochronology is useful because the tree rings show past ____ with accuracy, along with wildfires, insect attacks, lightning strikes, and earthquakes

high

does 30* N and 30* S have high or low air pressure

low

does the equator have high or low air pressure

recurrence interval

how abnormal/normal is a tornado, variable is T T= N/n when no magnitude is specified T= (N + 1)/m when magnitude is specified N is # of years in the record n is the # of events m is the # of tornadoes of the specified magnitude

less

if the recurrence interval is more than 1 it means it happens less or more often

1

if this is the recurrence interval it means the event happens every year

0

if this is the recurrence interval it means the event has never happened

rural

in rural or urban areas it is getting cooler with time

stable

in winter everywhere except Dixie Alley, it's too cold and _____ to have tornadoes

watch

issued several hours ahead, issued when conditions are favorable for tornadoes to fomr

warning

issued when a tornado is indicated by radar or has actually been seen, for small areas, issues PARTS of counties

CO2

most common greenhouse gas next to methane and ozone

enhanced fujita

name for Ef scale

tornado

rapidly rotating column of rising air from a cumulonimbus cloud

EF

system to categorize tornadoes based on the damage they caused, can only be ranked after, done by NWS, based by wind speed too

temp/precip

the Koppen system is based off these 2 factors

strong

the pressure gradient, along with general low pressure, in a tornado is strong or weak:

wind shear

the rate of change of wind speed or wind direction over a given distance, caused by faster winds aloft and slower winds at the surface

dendrochronology

the science or technique of dating events, environmental change, and archaeological artifacts by using the characteristic patterns of annual growth rings in timber and tree trunks

greenhouse effect

the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface

climate

the weather of a place or region averaged over a long period of time

ITCZ/convection

this causes so much rainfall in the tropics

E

this climate (polar) occurs at high latitudes in N and S hemispheres, has frigid temps and low precipitation is low because the cold air has a low water vapor capacity, high pressure limits instability and humid air from moving in

D

this climate (severe mid-latitude) has harsh winters and hot summers found in S Russia, Midwest, S Canada, W Alaska and rest of Canada, Europe

C

this climate (temperate mid-latitude) has a lot of wetness due to subtropical highs, which migrate btwn June and Dec, short intermittent cold seasons found in Southeast USA, West coast of continents, and the Mediterranean

tropical

this climate is warm and wet, precipitation caused by convergence of trade winds, consistently warm thru the year bc of high sun angle

humid subtropical

this climate is wet all year, falls in the Cfa classification, hot summers, cold intermittent seasons, and covers the SE USA

rain shadow

this feature from the Sierra Nevada/Rockies cause there to be deserts in the US

wind shear

this mechanism of wind being slower at the surface and faster aloft causes horizontal spin of a tornado

Africa/Asia

tornadoes do not happen in Northern regions of these countries but it could be due to lower populations

Europe/S America/Australia/SE asia

tornadoes happen outside of the US in these areas

tropical

trees in ___ climates have no tree rings because the climate has no seasonal variation and it is warm/wet all year, thus no opportunity for earlywood and latewood to grow

unsafe

under a highway overpass and on a high floor with a lot of windows are safe or unsafe places to be in a tornado

positive

warmer than average temp anomaly

D

what climate letter has the greatest average annual temp range

A

what climate letter has the highest avg annual temperature

E

what climate letter has the lowest avg annual temperature

US

what country are tornadoes most common in

TCL

which county has more severe tornadoes, Baldwin or TCL

Baldwin

which county has more tornadoes, Baldwin or TCL