H Chemistry Final Exam Review
DRAW: (note, if you want to skip these just click enter and it will show the correct answer and not count against you) Tell the type of IM force that exists between the molecules. NaBr
( Ionic (nonmetal and metal) )
Know the 2 questions to ask when determining the type of solid.
(1. Is it an ion, atom, or molecules? 2. If it is an atom, is it a metal, 8A, or network?)
DRAW: (note, if you want to skip these just click enter and it will show the correct answer and not count against you) Tell the type of IM force that exists between the molecules. H2O
(Polar; hydrogen bond)
DRAW: (note, if you want to skip these just click enter and it will show the correct answer and not count against you) Tell the type of IM force that exists between the molecules. C6H6
(nonpolar; LD)
R=
.0821 (L atm/mol K)
In the pH scale, _ is the most acidic, _ is neutral, _ is basic.
1 7 14
Regarding a unit cell, simple has ___ per corner times _ sides which equals _______
1/8 ; 8 ; 1 atom
Regarding a unit cell, face center has ___ per corner times _ sides _ on each lattice point (6, I think) (not too sure about this, I guessed) which equals ______
1/8 ; 8 ; 1/2 ; 4 atoms
(Double check) Regarding a unit cell, body centered has ___ per corner times _ sides plus __ in the middle which equals____
1/8 ; 8 ; 2 atoms
(H3O+ or H+) x (OH-)=
1x10^-14
How much of pure water will ionize?
1x10^-7
How many electrons does H want?
2
How many electrons does He want?
2
Rows _ and below can take extra electrons
3
B wants _ electrons. Be wants _ electrons.
6;4
In this action, no energy is required; the substance goes against gravity up a small tube
Capillary action
T or F: An ionic bond is weak
F
This type of atomic solid contains noble gasses
Group 8A solid
H3O+ =
H+
What is the self ionization of water formula?
H2O (l) + H2O (l) --> H3O+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
This type of IM is polar and is H bonded to O,N, or F
Hydrogen bond
In order from lowest IM to greatest IM, list the following: ionic bond, dipole-dipole, london dispersion, hydrogen bond.
London dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bond, ionic bond
mol of solute/L of solution
Molarity (M)
As IM increases, boiling point goes _____.
up
As IM increases, melting point goes ____.
up
In electronegativity, the trend goes ______ and ______
up and to the right
This is the pressure gas puts on the surface of a liquid- encouraging the liquid to "go gas, go gas"
vapor pressure
Going from liquid to gas
vaporization
Resistance to flow
viscosity
This model states that the lone electrons are as far away from each other as possible
VSEPR
Molecules stick to the wall of the container
adhesion
Capillary action is the result of what 2 things?
adhesion and cohesion
mixture of 2 or more elements with metallic properties (note it doesn't say metals, but metallic properties so it may include some things that aren't metals)
alloy
This type of solid has single atoms at the lattice points and also has 3 sub-categories of solids
atomic solid
the actual Lewis structure is the _______________________.
average of all resonance structures
Change in temperature boiling=ikbm
boiling point elevation
What are the 3 colligative properties?
boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure
the energy it takes to break 2 elements apart
bond energy
this term designates how far apart elements in a compound are
bond length
a mixture that is able to release or absorb H+ ions to keep the pH constant
buffer
this is the amount of acid or base a buffer can neutralize- if you add beyond this, the pH changes
buffer capacity
Most _____ are a mixture of a weak acid and it's conjugate base
buffers
How do you figure out IM?
by figuring out polarity
When the reaction rate of the forward reaction is equal to the reaction rate of the reverse reaction
chemical equilibrium
This is how you separate out a colloid/destroy it. It happens by heating it or adding an ion/electrolyte
coagulation
Molecules stick to each other
cohesion
When tiny particles are suspended in some medium
colloid
relatively large amount of solute present
concentrated
Going from gas to liquid
condensation
In this type of bond, a nonmetal and a nonmetal are put together
covalent bond
In a network solid, Carbon makes what 2 things? (Not too sure)
diamond and graphite
relatively little solute present
dilute
This type of IM is polar
dipole-dipole (hydrogen bond also works, but there is another question about it)
Si, P, and S _____ bond to each other
double
How do you figure out polarity?
draw it
to be rolled into wire
ductile
The rule that says H and He only want 2 electrons is called the ____ rule.
duet
an elements affinity for electrons in a bond
electronegativity
When 2 processes happen at the same time with the same rate and offset each other
equilibrium
K is the ________ ________. This means it is a number that tell you where it is balanced. The bigger the number, the more goes to products. The small the number, the more goes to reactants.
equilibrium constant
Change in temperature freezing=ikfm
freezing point depression
the equilibrium conditions for reactions that involves substances in more than one state
heterogenous equilibria
the equilibrium conditions for reactions in which all of the reactants and products are in the same state (eg. all gases, all liquids, or all solids)
homogenous equilibria
In this type of alloy, you put an element in the holes between. An example is making steal by putting carbon in the holes.
interstitial
a bond consisting of a metal and a nonmetal
ionic bond
this type of compound is when a metal and nonmetal combine
ionic compound
This type of solid has ions at the lattice points
ionic solid
_____ bonds make compounds. _____ bonds make molecules
ionic; covalent
this is the repeating unit of a salt
lattice
To find pressure using LeChatlier's Principle stuff, first you find the side with the _____ (most/least) amount of gas molecules. This is the side the arrow points to (pressure goes up)
least
This type of IM is nonpolar and includes diatoms and noble gases
london dispersion
These electrons are not involved in bonding and can be found on the central atom
lone pairs
to be pounded into sheets
malleable
(mass of A/total mass) x 100
mass percent
This type of atomic solid contains metals
metallic solid
What are the 3 types of atomic solids?
metallic solids, network solids, group 8A solids
mole solute/kg of solvent
molality (m)
This type of solid has molecules at the lattice points
molecular solid
This type of atomic solid has giant molecules. Examples would be Si and C
network solid
What is the rule called that says row 2 and below want 8 electrons?
octect rule
an ionic bond is the result of ________ _____ ions
oppositely charged
Pi=iMRT
osmotic pressure
electrons are unequally shared in a _______________
polar covalent bond
In this type of reaction, the products take in a separate reaction to re-form the reactants. Also written as double arrows
reversible reaction
In a covalent bond, electrons are _____ to equal 8
shared
list the 3 types of unit cells
simple, body centered, face centered
A ____ bond shares 2 electrons, a ____ bond shares 4 electrons, a ___ bond shares 6 electrons
single;double;triple
In K equations, there are no __________
solids or liquids
substance being dissolved (always smaller)
solute
a homogenous mixture of 1 or more solutes in a solvent
solution
dissolving agent (always bigger)
solvent
In a solution, the ______ is always bigger than the ________.
solvent solute
In this type of alloy, you replace 1 metal with another. An example is making brass by replacing Cu to Zn.
substitutional
What is the difficulty to break the surface of a liquid
surface tension
Formal charge=
tall towers (valence) minus sticks and dots
_____ is achieved by moving the double/triple bonds; can be shown by drawing double arrows between the structures
Resonance
T or F: Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen can double or triple bond to each other
T
T or F: Noble gases are not included in electronegativity
T
T or F: Water self ionizes
T
Why can row 3 and below take more than 8 electrons?
They have access to 3d orbitals
