H&W: Exam 1

Family #1 has a very unstable income. The family always has food but often eats fast food because it is cheaper. Family #2 has a significant household income. They purchase groceries every week and the pantry is well stocked at all times. Family #3 is a single-parent household with four small children. The guardian is unemployed and struggles to pay rent each month. The guardian manages to find small amounts of food for the children but often goes without themselves. The primary guardian of family #4 is a consultant who doesn't always have a steady income. Sometimes they must budget carefully but always manage to provide food for their family.

#1 - Low food security #2 - High food security #3 - Very low food security #4 - Marginal food security

What are the benefits of health education?

- Improve wellness management​ - Promote lifestyle changes​ - Develop health-oriented habits​ - Inform understanding of healthy behaviors​

What are the definitions of wellness?

- Spiritual - Emotional - Physical - Occupational - Social - Intellectual - Financial - Environmental

What are the different types of Healthy People objectives?

1. Core objective - measurable objectives associated with 10 year targets. 2. Developmental objective - Objectives that represent high-priority public health issues but do not yet have reliable baseline data. 3. Research objective - Objectives that represent public health issues with a high health or economic burden or significant disparities between population groups but are not yet associated with evidence-based interventions.

What are Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in order of importance? (highest to lowest)

1. Physiological (nutrition, hydration, shelter, oxygenation, elimination, sleep, sex, body temp) 2. Safety and Security (physical and psychological) 3. Love and belonging 4. Self-esteem 5. Cognitive (knowledge, understanding) 6. Aesthetic (order, beauty) 7. Self-actualization (being the best person you can be) 8. Transcendence (values/experiences in pursuit of science/faith)

What are provisions 5 & 6 of the ANA Code of Ethics?

5 - You have to integrate the values of the profession with your personal values 6 - Establishes, maintains and improves ethical environment of the work setting and conditions

What is a disease?

A disease includes physical indicators including symptoms and subjective experiences

What is general adaptation syndrome?

A model of the body's stress response, consisting of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

What is the Healthy People Initiative?

A program to promote, strengthen, and evaluate the nation's efforts to improve the health and well-being of all people. ​

A graduate nurse is teaching the client what to expect before and after surgery, explaining that she will not be eating or drinking anything after midnight. The client suddenly says she is not sure about wanting the surgery. The client states there are questions about the surgery that were not addressed. The graduate nurse calls the surgical resident on call to come to the unit to speak to the client. This is an example of which role within the scope of nursing? A. patient advocate B. patient guardian C. case manager D. nurse leader

A. patient advocate

"I only buy one pack of cigarettes every two weeks and smoke half of them each week."

Action

What is stress? What are the different types?

Any hazard posing a threat to homeostasis; acute, chronic, post-trautraumatic stress disorder

Which therapy teaches clients voluntary self-control over specific physiological responses?

Biofeedback

Which organization made screening recommendations for reducing current tobacco use in adolescents?

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Which federally-funded program provides meals for students participating in after-school activities?

Child and Adult Care Food Program

"Maybe I could consider cutting back to one pack per day."

Contemplation

Despite high spending, the US has _____ health outcomes.

Despite high spending, the US has poor health outcomes.

The nurse is caring for a patient whose insurance coverage is Medicare. The nurse should consider which information when planning care for this patient?

Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) provide a fixed reimbursement of cost

At which point in career does a nurse assess health risks?

During each client encounter

What does the health belief model assess?

Focused on the relationship between what individuals believe and how they behave, healthcare professionals use this to understand factors influencing clients' perceptions, beliefs, and behaviors for their care. This knowledge is used to plan the most effective care for individuals needing assistance recognizing risks, the significance, and preventative action of diseases.

models of health provide various ways of understanding ______ and ___________ concepts; name them all...?

Health, wellness ; 1. health belief model 2. health promotion model 3. holistic health model 4. transtheoretical model for change (HHHT)

Which legislative act outlines childhood nutrition programs?

Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act

What does the health promotion model assess?

Illustrates how personal characteristics interact with the environment to determine one's motivation, attitudes, and actions to engage in health-promoting behaviors Directed at increasing a person's wellbeing (health promotion) by focusing on: 1. individual characteristics/experiences 2. behavior-specific knowledge and affect 3. behavioral outcomes

Name an example of illnesss prevention...

Immunizations

"For the past month, I have cut back to one-half pack per week."

Maintenance

What are examples of training specific therapies?

Must complete training/certification prior: 1) biofeedback 2) acupuncture 3) therapeutic touch 4) chiropractic therapy 5) spinal manipulation 6) natural products and herbal therapies

What is used to reverse opioid overdose?

Naloxone (Narcan)

Passive Vs. Progressive Relaxation (NO SUCH THING AS PASSIVE OR ACTIVE)

Passive: calms mind and body utilizing no muscle contractions (for people with muscle pain) Progressive: utilizes tightening and relaxation of muscles

How are Healthy People 2030 objectives categorized?

Population, setting, health behaviors and conditions, social determinants of health (race and gender NOT included)

What is wellness?

Positive state of health that is continually changing

"I could never quit smoking."

Precontemplation

"I will ask my healthcare provider for prescription medication to help me quit."

Preparation

Cost of Health & Wellness: Reducing __________ barriers will increase __________ ___________

Reducing financial barriers will increase insurance coverage

A client presents to an immunization clinic to receive influenza and tetanus (Td) vaccines. Which need, according to Maslow's hierarchy, is being met?​

Safety and security

Social determinants of health are ______ and economic ___________ that affect the ________ of life and health __________.

Social determinants of health are social and economic conditions that affect the quality of life and health outcomes.

What is TAPS? What is CAGE?

Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription Medication, Substances Tool - used to determine how often substances are used "In the past 12 months..." ; Used exclusively for alcohol abuse "Have you felt you need to cut down on drinking? Are you annoyed by people criticizing your drinking? Do you feel guilty? Do you drink to steady nerves or get rid of a hangover?"

T or F: Is Medicaid federally funded? Who is eligible for Medicaid?

True (state distributes it); Pregnant, low-income, kids

T or F: Herbal supplements are not approved for use as drugs are not regulated by the FDA

True: Herbal supplements are not approved for use as drugs are not regulated by the FDA

T or F: Is Medicaire federally funded? Who is eligible for it?

True; Anyone over 65 years old OR has a terminally ill disease

What is a food desert?

a community with little access to a variety of affordable and healthy foods, including fruits and vegetables

What is an illness?

a functional/structural disturbance

What is health?

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease

What does the holistic health model assess?

acknowledges all dimensions (including emotional and spiritual) of an individual contribute to health and wellness, providers may incorporate complementary/alternative interventions

Most tobacco use starts during...?

adolescence

What does the transtheoretical model of change assess? Name its 5 stages....

assesses one's readiness for new behaviors ; 1. Precontemplation 2. Contemplation 3. Preparation 4. Action 5. Maintenance

What are the roles of a nurse?

caregiver, patient advocate, educator, communicator, manager

What are the social determinants of health?

conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age

The first four needs are referred to as __________ needs while the top is known as _______ needs

deficiency, growth (self-actualization = growth as a person)

which tobacco product is most common among adolescents?

e-cigarettes

Which client behaviors are suspicious of excessive substance use?

easily agitated, difficulty concentrating, self-inflicted trauma/suicidal ideation, frequent injuries

What does garlic do? What does it interfere with?

elevates blood cholesterol; anticoagulants

A client is admitted to the intensive care unit for treatment of a deep vein thrombosis. As part of treatment, the client is started on an anticoagulant called heparin. When reviewing the client's history of supplement use, which potential interaction should be reported to the healthcare provider?

ginseng - interferes with anticoagulants

Internal variables affecting health include...? External variables that affect health...?

growth and developmental stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, emotional/spiritual factors ; family practices, psychosocial/socioeconomic factors, cultural background

which complementary therapies can be used by a healthcare professional with no additional training?

guided imagery + meditation, progressive relaxation

What issues could arise from prolonged stress?

headaches, stress ulcers, hyperglycemia, hypertension, infections, insomnia

What does valerian root do? What does it interfere with?

helps anxiety; enhances the effects of anti-histamines (severe CNS depression)

Read the scenario below, then select the highest priority need after successfully getting the client to eat: A healthcare professional is caring for an elderly client with dementia who is not eating, not communicating, and refuses to see family members. The client has a high fall risk and does not trust the staff

high fall risk (safety need)

The healthcare professional is planning a follow-up phone call with Jamal after the health fair. Based on Jamal's reported sleep habits, the professional will recommend relaxation and music therapy in the evening before bedtime. Which model of health is being used to assist Jamal?

holistic health model

What does echinacea do? What does it interfere with?

immune system stimulus; anti-rejection meds and antiretrovirals

What does Ginkgo biloba​ do? What does it interfere with?

improves memory; anticoagulants and anti-inflammatories

Which health effects are the result of tobacco use?

increased age appearance, diabetes mellitus, increased risk of heart disease

What does ginseng do? What does it interfere with?

increased endurance, immune function; anticoagulants, anti-inflammatories

The major difference between Healthy People 2020 and 2030 is the _________ focus on health equity, _________, and _________. ; What are their goals?

increased focus on health equity, social determinants of health, and health literacy ; less healthcare disparities, increase life expectancies and quality of life

Healthcare costs in the US are increasing/decreasing...? This is _________ compared to other countries.

increasing; opposite

What is food insecurity?

limited or uncertain availability of safe, nutritious foods due to a lack of financial resources

What is tertiary prevention?

managing a chronic condition to lessen long term complications

What is primary prevention?

measures to decrease the incidence of disease, intervening before health effects occur - "true preventions" ex) smoking cessation, immunizations

What are the primary causes of increased healthcare in the US?

new prescription drug development, technological advances, new care innovations

What is a leading health indicator?

objective that focuses on factors that are a major cause of morbidity and mortality ex) drug overdoses

A healthcare professional is conducting a home care visit with an older adult couple. While in the home, the professional weighs each individual and reviews the food diary. The professional checks vital signs and encourages the couple to increase daily fluids and activity levels to help with their voiced concern about constipation. The professional is addressing which level of need according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs?​

physiological

Nursing is defined as a profession because nurses...?

practice autonomy

A client has several risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including:​ Father died of a heart attack at 53 years old​. Mother has high cholesterol​. The blood pressure reading today is elevated​. However, the client's cholesterol level is within the normal range. The healthcare provider decides to prescribe cholesterol-lowering medication and recommends a low-fat diet. This represents ___________ prevention. ​

primary

What does aloe do? What does it interfere with?

speeds wound healing; loop diuretics like furosemide

Which factors increase risk of tobacco use in adolescents?

stress, depression, born into racial minority groups

A 34-year-old male client has been laid off from his job and has many unpaid bills. The client has been having thoughts of suicide but denies needing medical help and has reached out to his pastor for emotional support. The client does not have a primary healthcare provider because he has never been very sick. As a child, his caregivers did not have money to pay for healthcare provider visits, so this has never been a priority. The client is married and has a close network of friends through his church. ​ Which external variables influence this client's current health practices? Select all that apply.

support from social networks, family practice of not seeing a healthcare provider, difficulty paying bills

"Working back to health after an illness is always an important step to recovery. I had a heart attack last month and got out of the hospital about a week ago. I am on my way to my first cardiac rehabilitation visit at the hospital gym. I am practicing ________ prevention."

tertiary

What is health promotion? active vs passive health promotion?

the act of maintaining/enhancing one's health ; active - individuals partake themselves in actions beneficial to their health passively - individuals DO NOT partake in actions beneficial to their health but still experience the benefits

What is included in complementary and alternative medicine?

therapeutic touch, acupuncture, meditation, aromatherapy, herbs

What is integrative healthcare?

traditional and complementary therapies coordinated by a multidisciplinary team

What is secondary prevention?

treating or controlling a disease or condition after it occurs, includes screening to identify diseases at early stages ex) mammogram screenings, monitoring BS in diabetes patients

T or F: An individual can have wellness in the presence of illness

true