Hatchery
SKELETAL MUSCLES
Straited muscles hold the skeleton in place • Propulsion and stabilizers • Myomeres divided by fibrous myocommata • Myomeres in zig-zag formation • Used to contract and bend the body
The appendicular skeleton
Supports the fins
Changes seen in fish
cartilage to bone • Reduction in scale thickness • Reduction in skull thickness
Sacciform cells
secretion that may be antiparasitic
Zygapophyses
strengthen spinal column
SKIN
- Boundary between fish and environment • Functional roles Defense, communication, camouflage, immunity against disease, regulate gas exchange, • Mucigenic not keratinzed • Fluctuates • Secretions, season, temperature
Epidermis
- Outer layer, lies over scales • Mostly consists of Malpighian cells
MALPIGHIAN CELLS
- Produces a mucous • Has been linked to antibacterial roles and antimicrobial activity
skull
- Protects the brain and jaws • Becomes ossified in bony fish
Pharyngeal jaw
- Secondary set of jaws used to hold prey
Neurocranium
- cartilaginous portion around the brain • Partially supports the eyes and internal ears
Endoskeleton
- linked by ligaments, tendons, and muscles • Secures the skeleton and allow mobility • Joints exist where skeleton components combine
Dermotrichia
- long fin rays projecting into water
Endoskeleton
All extant fish, cartilage or bone - some have specialized structures like bowfin and gular plate
Vertebrae
Allow flexibility and protect dorsal nerve cord • Not support, supported by water buoyancy - Runs from brain to tail -Varies from 25-50 vertebrae
SKIN VARIABILITY
Can vary greatly through life • Associated with migration, season, reproduction
DERMIS
Connective tissue with collagen fibers • Scales (if present) • "strong flexible jacket with scales and collagen fibers providing constraint" • Two major layers: stratum spongiosum/stratum compactum
Exoskeleton
Evolved in early jawless fish • Evolved as a predatory response • Currently- scales, scutes and bony plates • Maintain shape, protection, streamlining
GOBLET CELLS
Goblet shaped mucous cells • Been shown to contain antibacterial peptide
Ionocytes
Ionic regulation, aid with gill chloride cells
HYPODERMIS
Loose connective tissue • Adipose tissue (potential reserve) • Energy reserve that varies
STRATUM SPONGIOSUM
Scale bases and chromatophores
FISH SCALES
Show annual rings, like tree rings
White muscle
anaerobic, used for speed
Chondrocranium
cartilage bones and exocranium
Median fins
dermotrichia can be hard or soft
Centrum
encloses the notochord concave shape, replaces notochord
Mandible
lower jaw
Ostariophysi
modified for hearing
Red muscle
myoglobin and rich blood supply
• Club cells
release a pheromone when injured
Cycloid
round and smooth
Ctenoid
round and spiny/toothed
Ganoid
thick scales with basal bone layer
Maxilla
upper jaw
jaw
• Derived from branchial skeleton • First arch- upper and lower jaw • Second arch- may contribute to jaw suspension • Rest supports the gills
STRATUM COMPACTUM
• Inner most layer of the dermis • Contains collagen strands • Organized in opposing spirals • Allows for support and strength • Around myotomal musculature
LOCOMOTION
• Red and white muscle fish • Two types: undulations of body and tail and fin movement • Fin muscles for steering
SKELETONS
• Support movement/muscles • Protect soft organs • Hard skeletons and hydrostatic skeleton • Hydrostatic- mostly invertebrates (think earthworms) • Exoskeleton and endoskeleton
