Hawaiian Culture Test 2

What are aumakua?

family or personal gods or guardians

Pele is the goddess of _____

fire

Makahiki lasted for how long?

four months

Lei made in wili style are worn on/around the ________

head

Laka is the god/goddess of _____

hula

What is done at luakini heiau that is not done at any other type of heiau?

human sacrifice

Different flowers on lei connect to different ______ / ____

mele / oli

Lei made in poʻo style are worn on/around the ________

neck

Kanaloa is the god of _____________

ocean and sea life, voyaging

Name three kino lau of Pele

old lady, young girl, flame

Kāne is the god of ______________

procreation, fresh water

In Hawaiian religion, Wakea is seen as the ____ _________

sky father

Lei Hilo are made using the technique of _____________

twisting

Kū is the god of ____________

war, forests, canoes, fishing

Name three miscellaneous things that are kapu

- a chief and his possessions (even shadow) - the home of a recently deceased person - certain nights designated for planting

What are some groups of people offered in human sacrifice?

- criminals - people killed in battle - people tricked into leaving home at night

Name four examples of offerings to the gods (excluding humans)

- fish - pig - dog - sweet potato

Name four types of heiau

- fishing - healing - Luakini - Mapele (agricultural)

What are two things commonly done during Makahiki?

- games and sports - paying tribute to chiefs

Wakea gave birth to what three things?

- islands - kalo - man

Name three rules of ʻaikapu

- men and women eat separately - only men cook and make imu - imu are separated by gender as well

Name some categories of things that can be kapu

- places - food - resources - places/objects with lots of mana

Name some things that can hold mana

- places - people - objects - body parts

Name four foods that were kapu for women to eat

- pork - coconuts - bananas - certain fish/sea creatures

What are five purposes for making/giving lei?

- protection - offering - gift of aloha - adornment - to mark an important event/transition

Name four things aumakua were able to do in dreams

- send messages - offer advice - scold their family members on Earth - suggest a name for newborn children

Give 3-5 examples of popular aumakua for families/people.

- shark - octopus - owl - eel - kalo

When and by who was the kapu system broken?

1819 - Kamehameha II

What is the purpose of some things being kapu?

It ensures sustainability and maintains mana

How many aumakua can one family or person have?

Several, not just one

Aumakua usually appeared in peopleʻs _________

dreams

Who holds the most mana?

Aliʻi (chiefs)

In addition to being the first man, Hāloa was also the first _____ ____

Aliʻi nui (god to walk the earth)

What is the purpose of some things being noa?

Allowed people to function freely and created a balance

What is a kino lau?

Any form taken by a god. One god can take multiple forms at one time in different places.

In Hawaiian religion, Papa is seen as the ______ _________

Earth mother

What is the most important kino lau of Lono?

Kamapuaʻa (the pig man)

Who are the 4 major gods?

Kāne, Kanaloa, Lono, Kū

Luakini heiau are dedicated to what god?

Kū

The "haku lei" at carnival should really be called ____ _______

Lei wili

Mapele heiau are dedicated to which god?

Lono

The god of the Makahiki is ________

Lono [ikamakahiki]

The two Hawaiian seasons are called __________ and ____

Makahiki and Ku

Makahiki is marked by the rise of what star cluster?

Makaliʻi (Pleiades/Seven Sisters)

What is the difference between a mele and an oli?

Mele - accompanied by hula, instrument, or both Oli - recited with no accompaniment

What is the most common tool used in farming?

Oʻo (digging stick)

What is the full name of Papa?

Papahānaumoku

In many origin stories, which two goddesses are associated with the first hula?

Pele and Hiʻiaka

Why are offerings made to the gods?

So that prayers for blessings may be answered by the god offered to.

What is mana?

Spiritual life force, power, authority

How did aumakua help kahuna with their patients?

The aumakua would provide advice to kahuna on how to treat patients and what medicines to use

What will happen if a childʻs parents decide against the name suggested by the aumakua?

The child will become ill

What is one reason that Hawaiians were so healthy?

They bathed 2-3 times a day in both salt and fresh water

What did the kahuna/priests do during Makahiki to honor Lono?

They took a 12-foot wooden statue of Lonoikamakahiki and carried it around the whole island in a clockwise manner

Through which god are humans, plants, and gods connected and why?

Wakea because he gave birth to the first man and also the first kalo

What is kapu during Makahiki and why?

War was kapu because since Lono is the god of peace, the people may not be at war while paying tribute to him.

Lono is the god of _____________

agriculture, medicine, peace

Lei Haku are made using the technique of _____________

braiding