Hawaiian Culture Test 2
What are aumakua?
family or personal gods or guardians
Pele is the goddess of _____
fire
Makahiki lasted for how long?
four months
Lei made in wili style are worn on/around the ________
head
Laka is the god/goddess of _____
hula
What is done at luakini heiau that is not done at any other type of heiau?
human sacrifice
Different flowers on lei connect to different ______ / ____
mele / oli
Lei made in poʻo style are worn on/around the ________
neck
Kanaloa is the god of _____________
ocean and sea life, voyaging
Name three kino lau of Pele
old lady, young girl, flame
Kāne is the god of ______________
procreation, fresh water
In Hawaiian religion, Wakea is seen as the ____ _________
sky father
Lei Hilo are made using the technique of _____________
twisting
Kū is the god of ____________
war, forests, canoes, fishing
Name three miscellaneous things that are kapu
- a chief and his possessions (even shadow) - the home of a recently deceased person - certain nights designated for planting
What are some groups of people offered in human sacrifice?
- criminals - people killed in battle - people tricked into leaving home at night
Name four examples of offerings to the gods (excluding humans)
- fish - pig - dog - sweet potato
Name four types of heiau
- fishing - healing - Luakini - Mapele (agricultural)
What are two things commonly done during Makahiki?
- games and sports - paying tribute to chiefs
Wakea gave birth to what three things?
- islands - kalo - man
Name three rules of ʻaikapu
- men and women eat separately - only men cook and make imu - imu are separated by gender as well
Name some categories of things that can be kapu
- places - food - resources - places/objects with lots of mana
Name some things that can hold mana
- places - people - objects - body parts
Name four foods that were kapu for women to eat
- pork - coconuts - bananas - certain fish/sea creatures
What are five purposes for making/giving lei?
- protection - offering - gift of aloha - adornment - to mark an important event/transition
Name four things aumakua were able to do in dreams
- send messages - offer advice - scold their family members on Earth - suggest a name for newborn children
Give 3-5 examples of popular aumakua for families/people.
- shark - octopus - owl - eel - kalo
When and by who was the kapu system broken?
1819 - Kamehameha II
What is the purpose of some things being kapu?
It ensures sustainability and maintains mana
How many aumakua can one family or person have?
Several, not just one
Aumakua usually appeared in peopleʻs _________
dreams
Who holds the most mana?
Aliʻi (chiefs)
In addition to being the first man, Hāloa was also the first _____ ____
Aliʻi nui (god to walk the earth)
What is the purpose of some things being noa?
Allowed people to function freely and created a balance
What is a kino lau?
Any form taken by a god. One god can take multiple forms at one time in different places.
In Hawaiian religion, Papa is seen as the ______ _________
Earth mother
What is the most important kino lau of Lono?
Kamapuaʻa (the pig man)
Who are the 4 major gods?
Kāne, Kanaloa, Lono, Kū
Luakini heiau are dedicated to what god?
Kū
The "haku lei" at carnival should really be called ____ _______
Lei wili
Mapele heiau are dedicated to which god?
Lono
The god of the Makahiki is ________
Lono [ikamakahiki]
The two Hawaiian seasons are called __________ and ____
Makahiki and Ku
Makahiki is marked by the rise of what star cluster?
Makaliʻi (Pleiades/Seven Sisters)
What is the difference between a mele and an oli?
Mele - accompanied by hula, instrument, or both Oli - recited with no accompaniment
What is the most common tool used in farming?
Oʻo (digging stick)
What is the full name of Papa?
Papahānaumoku
In many origin stories, which two goddesses are associated with the first hula?
Pele and Hiʻiaka
Why are offerings made to the gods?
So that prayers for blessings may be answered by the god offered to.
What is mana?
Spiritual life force, power, authority
How did aumakua help kahuna with their patients?
The aumakua would provide advice to kahuna on how to treat patients and what medicines to use
What will happen if a childʻs parents decide against the name suggested by the aumakua?
The child will become ill
What is one reason that Hawaiians were so healthy?
They bathed 2-3 times a day in both salt and fresh water
What did the kahuna/priests do during Makahiki to honor Lono?
They took a 12-foot wooden statue of Lonoikamakahiki and carried it around the whole island in a clockwise manner
Through which god are humans, plants, and gods connected and why?
Wakea because he gave birth to the first man and also the first kalo
What is kapu during Makahiki and why?
War was kapu because since Lono is the god of peace, the people may not be at war while paying tribute to him.
Lono is the god of _____________
agriculture, medicine, peace
Lei Haku are made using the technique of _____________
braiding