HBS - Lessons 2.3 and 2.4 Assessment
3. Gland
A cell, group of cells, or organ of endothelial origin that selectively removes materials from the blood, concentrates or alters them, and secretes them for further use in the body or for elimination from the body.
5. Exocrine Gland
A gland as a sweat gland, a salivary gland, or a kidney that releases a secretion external to or at the surface of an organ by means of a canal or duct.
4. Endocrine Gland
A gland as the thyroid or the pituitary that produces an endocrine secretion called also ductless gland, gland of internal secretion.
99. Describe a scenario of a patient who would come to see an optician.
A little girl has a hard time reading the board in school. She tells her parents about it and takes her to an eye doctor. The doctor does a few eye exams and then provides her with glasses.
98. Describe a scenario of a patient who would come to see an optometrist.
A new born baby just got delivered a few hours ago. The doctors and nurses are doing all the tests needed before they can send the baby home. The doctors sees that the baby's eye had some sort of weirdness and found out it was an eye disorder. An optometrist was called in to help treat the eye disorder.
24. Research how a problem with hormones of the endocrine system could lead to Lincoln's symptoms.
A problem with hormones of the endocrine system could lead to Lincoln's symptoms because the endocrine system is made up of glands that make hormones and basically, hormones are a chemical messenger of the body and from one set of cells to another, they carry instructions and information.
8. Glucagon
A protein hormone that is produced especially by the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and that promotes an increase in the sugar content of the blood by increasing the rate of breakdown of glycogen in the liver.
97. Describe a scenario of a patient who would come to see an ophthalmologist.
A teenage boy realizes that he is always scratching his eyes and sees that his eyes are always red and don't seem normal. He goes for help from an ophthalmologist and discovers that he has an eye disease.
7. Insulin
A vertebrate hormone that lowers blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose by most body cells and the synthesis and storage of glycogen in the liver.
34. Write a summary of your findings about Lincoln's health condition.
All the data we gathered so far indicates the fact that our patient Lincoln has a pituitary tumor. Lincoln's symptoms are as follows, enlargement of body tissue, low sperm count, vision problems, and more. My partners and I theorized that it might have to do with the pituitary gland and all it's jobs. As we search more into it we discovered that a tumor is developed in the pituitary gland and has matched up almost all of our symptoms. The symptoms of the tumor are as follow, extra growth in the skull, hands, feet, changes in facial structure, etc. This is not mentioning all the vision problems that come along with the tumor. They are not direct causes, they are indirect. Some people may even go blind from this tumor due to the pressure which is shown and stated in the previous slides. It is believed that it is safe to assume that our patient Lincoln has a Pituitary Tumor, after all the evidence we have demonstrated, and thanks to all the symptoms we were able to identify and later on link to a pituitary tumor.
20. Pituitary Gland
An endocrine gland at the base of the hypothalamus; consists of a posterior lobe, which stores and releases two hormones produced by the hypothalamus, and an anterior lobe, which produces and secretes many hormones that regulate diverse body functions.
103. How does an error in the structure or function of the eye relate to disease or dysfunction?
An error in the structure or function of the ye relate to disease or dysfunction because inabilities like hyperopia and myopia can occur which are vision conditions. This happens when the eye is too short or too long and also when the cones aren't properly receiving the function it needs meaning the color and then that's when being colorblind can happen.
36. Describe an example that illustrates this statement: "Some hormones control the release of other hormones."
An example that illustrates "Some hormones control the release of other hormones" is the hypothalamus because it stimulates the pituitary gland and the thyroid hormone. The hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary gland to release other hormones which in this case is the thyroid.
85. What is an ophthalmologist?
An ophthalmologist diagnoses and treats all the eye diseases and performs surgery as well as providing a prescription like contact lenses and glasses to have a correct vision.
93. What is an optician?
An optician is a healthcare professional who is qualified to make eyeglasses, contact lenses, and basically anything to help correct the vision and they supply it.
89. What is an optometrist?
An optometrist is a trained healthcare professional who is trained to diagnose and treat vision conditions.
83. Discuss what each procedure is testing for.
Each procedure is testing for the eye information. The visual acuity examines how well you can see with each eye. The refraction test helps figure out what prescription needs to be provided like for contact lenses or glasses. The comprehensive eye exam is a series of routine vision tests that tests how well you can see and also checks for eye disease and vision problems. The diagnostic follow up exam is followed up when something is found wrong during the comprehensive eye exam. The glaucoma test screens the measurement of the inner eye pressure.
81. How does each eye test relate to the structure and function of the human eye?
Each test is related to the structure and function of the human eye because children and adults take an eye exam which shows their vision acuity. There is a vision acuity of 20/20 which reports two numbers. The first number is when the distance of the chart you stand for which is in feet and the second number is in the distance which is in feet measurement of the person's normal eyesight which means if they could see the same line correctly and read it as well which tells what the normal vision acuity is of the person taking the eye exam.
54. Optic Nerve
Either of the pair of sensory nerves that comprise the second pair of cranial nerves, arise from the ventral part of the diencephalon, form an optic chiasma before passing to the eye and spreading over the anterior surface of the retina, and conduct visual stimuli to the brain.
80. Provide at least five specific examples of how your communication with the outside world through your eyes initiates a response in another body system.
Five examples of how my communication with outside world through my eyes initiates a response in another body system is first example that I don't know how to swim so I would be scared of water and if somehow I end up being in water and drown, then I won't be able to breath which is the respiratory system, the second example is that if I see like any sort of surgeries, I get disgusted by it and perhaps vomit seeing the procedure so this would be the digestive system, the third example is that I always stress out from school and my nervous system will affected by this, the forth example is in gym while I have to my exercises, I use my muscular system to do them, and the fifth example is that I sometimes have mood swings and the shows what my hormones are so this would be my endocrine system because it expresses my hormones of the feelings I have.
82. Describe at least five specific tests or procedures in a routine eye exam.
Five specific tests or procedures in a routine eye exam are a visual acuity test, a refraction test, a comprehensive eye exam, a diagnostic or follow up exam, and a glaucoma test.
26. What are the hormone or glands and the target organs that might be of gradual enlargement of the body?. Use arrows to show connections between these hormones or glands and Lincoln's symptoms.
GH manages physical growth hormone ---> Pituitary Gland produces human hormone growth ---> muscle and bone growth.
101. How can improper levels of a hormone lead to disease or dysfunction in the human body?
Improper levels of a hormone can lead to a disease or dysfunction in the human body because it can cause a disorder in the endocrine system which means that a gland has produced too much or too little of a hormone that is endocrine which them makes it have improper levels. Due to the endocrine disease or dysfunction of the endocrine system, the development of lesions may be affected from the hormone levels and that's how in the human body, the improper levels of a hormone can lead to a disease or dysfunction.
79. Describe how what you see can impact other human body systems.
In other human body systems the impact I can see is that when something comes towards me, my body gets active with limbs moving in my body from the skeletal system and muscular system in order for me to be aware of what's happening but as well as react to it in some way.
40. Lens
In the eye, a transparent structure that works with the cornea to refract light to be focused on the retina. On an optical instrument (as a microscope or eyeglasses) a curved piece of glass or plastic used singly or combined for forming an image by focusing rays of light.
104. How does information received through sight initiate a response in other body systems?
Information received through fight initiate a response in other body systems because the optic nerve sends information which gives a signal or signals the nervous system. Then, in order for the ye to be operated well, the body systems will need to be part of it.
25. Could Lincoln have too much of a hormone? Too little? Is there a problem with a specific gland? His disorder may involve multiple hormones and glands. See if you can find a pattern in Lincoln's symptoms.
Lincoln could have too little of a hormone because he shows the symptoms of having a hormone imbalance and even it's too much of a hormone or too little of a hormone, it can either way harm the body. There is a problem with a specific gland which is the pituitary gland because it's the base of the brain and most of his symptoms matched up with the pituitary gland. His disorder involved one gland which is the pituitary gland and this gland releases nine hormones. There are patterns in Lincoln's symptoms which will be more further discussed next.
22. How are neurotransmitters and hormones similar and how are they different?
Neurotransmitters and hormones are similar because they are chemicals and are collected from the receptors. Neurotransmitters and hormones are different because they understand target cells differently as well as the neurotransmitters use electric charge so the hormones could transfer and travel the body could chemically receive signals of it and that's what makes the difference between them.
105. How can new technology improve human vision?
New technology can improve human vision because the process of the eyes can be much faster and give the eyes a long term vision as well making the vision of your eyes better.
19. What are some differences in blood sugar levels?
Some differences in the blood sugar levels is that it depends on how the endocrine system will function and based upon that, it will show how the hormones and glands will travel and process through the cells of the body.
31. What are the hormone or glands and the target organs that might be of having some problems with vision? Use arrows to show connections between these hormones or glands and Lincoln's symptoms.
TSH develop visual cells ---> Ocular and Vision System affect the visibility of vision.
32. What are the hormone or glands and the target organs that might be of images looking blurry and sometimes seems like its double? Use arrows to show connections between these hormones or glands and Lincoln's symptoms.
TSH develop visual cells ---> Ocular and Vision System affect the visibility of vision.
29. What are the hormone or glands and the target organs that might be of feeling sluggish? Use arrows to show connections between these hormones or glands and Lincoln's symptoms.
TSH feeling tired ---> makes the body slow down.
71. What differences did you observe between the aqueous and vitreous humors?
The differences I observed between the aqueous and vitreous humors is that there are different amounts of each of them in the eye. The aqueous humor clear fluids that support the cornea from getting the curved or round shape of the eye. Whereas the vitreous humors don't move and have clear things which support the shape of the eye while filling the gas between the lens and the retina.
86. What is an ophthalmologist's duties?
The duties of an ophthalmologist is that in a medical and surgical care, they are eye doctors that specialize the eyes and the visual system and they also help prevent eye disease and injury.
94. What are the duties of an optician?
The duties of an optician to work with ophthalmologists and optometrists to provide vision services related to the diagnosis and treatment of vision problems and eye disease and they also assist optometrists and ophthalmologists in providing complete patient care before, during, and after exams, procedures, and surgeries.
90. What are the duties of an optometrist?
The duties of an optometrist is to be trained to examine, diagnose, treat, and manage some diseases and disorders of the eye and visual system, and also to be trained to examine the internal and external structure of the eyes to detect diseases such as glaucoma, retinal detachment, and cataracts.
87. What are the educational requirements of an ophthalmologist?
The educational requirements of an ophthalmologist is to have a completed four years of pre-medical undergraduate education, a finished four years of medical school, one year of internship, and has achieved three or more years of specialized medical and surgical training in eye care.
95. What are the educational requirements of an optician?
The educational requirements of an optician is to have a two-year technical degree.
91. What are the educational requirements of an optometrist?
The educational requirements of an optometrist is to have a completed pre-professional undergraduate education, to have a finished four years of professional education at an accredited college of optometry, and also some optometrists may have completed a one-year optional residency in a specialized area.
21. How does the endocrine system and the nervous system work together to control communication in the body?
The endocrine system and the nervous system work together to control communication in the body by the brain controlling several glands traveling through the pituitary gland where the brain's hypothalamus is located. Therefore, the feedback of the hormones controls the body so it can function and process the emotions and thinking we have in our brain.
102. How do the eye and the brain work together to process what we see?
The eye and the brain work together to process what we see because of the retina. The retina's function is what makes the process meaning that the function of the retina is that it receives light and focuses on light and the retina has rods and cones which translate the color and turn it into nervous in chemical signals where the optic nerve comes into place. The optic nerve is what connects the eye and brain because it send it to the occipital lobe which then is processed to other prats of the brain.
42. Aqueous Humor
The fluid that fills the space between the lens and the cornea.
75. What is the function of myelin?
The function of myelin is surrounding the nerve cell axons or the nervous system's wires and this is a substance where it protects it as well as speeds up the rate and this is also known as action potentials where the electrical impulses increase and in the axon, it goes through it.
57. What is the function of the tapetum?
The function of tapetum is that it provides the light sensitive retinal cells.
43. What is the function of the aqueous humor?
The function of the aqueous humor is that it "extends from the inside of the cornea to the front surface of the lens" and it is also filled with a fluid.
53. What is the function of the blind spot?
The function of the blind spot is that it carries images to the brain where they get processed.
47. What is the function of the cornea?
The function of the cornea is that it "serves as a protective covering for the front of the eye and also helps focus light on the retina at the back of the eye."
64. What is the function of the eyelid and eyelashes?
The function of the eyelid and eyelashes are that they protect the eye from any dirt like any sort of bacteria such as infections to get in the eye in order to help prevent these things from occurring most likely.
49. What is the function of the iris?
The function of the iris is that it "allows more light into the eye enlarging or dilating the pupil when the environment is dark and allows less light into the eye shrinking or constricting the pupil when the environment is bright."
41. What is the function of the lens?
The function of the lens is that it "focuses light onto the retina. Through the action of small muscles called the ciliary muscles, the lens becomes thicker to focus on nearby objects and thinner to focus on distant objects."
55. What is the function of the optic nerve?
The function of the optic nerve is that the "nerve fibers from the photoreceptors are bundled together to form the optic nerve. "
45. What is the function of the pupil?
The function of the pupil is that "after passing through the cornea, light travels through the pupil".
51. What is the function of the retina?
The function of the retina is that it "contains the cells that sense light and the blood vessels that nourish them."
59. What is the function of the sclera?
The function of the sclera is that it "runs to the edge of the cornea" and it "also covers the moist back surface of the eyelids and eyeballs."
61. What is the function of the vitreous humor?
The function of the vitreous humor is that it "extends from the back surface of the lens to the retina and contains a jellylike fluid".
1. Endocrine System
The glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions, help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity, and include especially the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, islets of Langerhans, ovaries, and testes.
10. Which glands are involved when the body goes through to control the increase of sugar or glucose?
The glands involved are the endocrine gland and the exocrine gland.
14. Which glands are involved when the body uses to regulate blood sugar?
The glands involved the pituitary gland. It regulates the blood sugar levels whereas the pituitary stimulates the growth.
100. How do hormones and feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis in the human body?
The hormones and feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis in the human body because the endocrine system plays a significant role in homeostasis. When there is activity of body cells in the hormones, it regulates them and these hormones are then released to into the blood which then is controlled by stimulus. When the hormones function, the feedback loops of a positive or a negative feedback is then produced and and that's how both are maintained in the human body.
11. Which hormones are released when the body goes through to control the increase of sugar or glucose?
The hormones released are from the endocrine system and the hormone of sweat gland from the exocrine system.
15. Which hormones are released when the body uses to regulate blood sugar?
The hormones released are insulin and the glucagon where the insulin refers to glucose homeostasis and the glucagon balances the sugar levels.
77. Based on the function of this structure, why doesn't the human eye have a tapetum?
The human eye doesn't have a tapetum because humans sleep at night and we have a night vision in which it is active and occurs while we sleep and is useful during night time.
6. Homeostasis
The maintenance of relatively stable internal physiological conditions (as body temperature or the pH of blood) in higher animals under fluctuating environmental conditions.
67. Describe how membrane looks in the cow's eye dissection video and compare it to the 3D model.
The membrane in the cow's eye dissection video showed the dissection of the cow's eye visually of how it's broken down. Comparing it to the 3D model, the 3D model just shows the eye's diagram and labels of eye muscles.
48. Iris
The opaque muscular contractile diaphragm that is suspended in the aqueous humor in front of the lens of the eye, is perforated by the pupil and is continuous peripherally with the ciliary body, has a deeply pigmented posterior surface which excludes the entrance of light except through the pupil and a colored anterior surface which determines the color of the eyes.
44. Pupil
The opening in the iris, which admits light into the interior of the vertebrate eye; muscles in the iris regulate its size.
70. Is the pupil's response an involuntary reflex or a voluntary action? How is this response controlled by the nervous system?
The pupil's response is an involuntary reflex. This response is controlled by the nervous system because when the eye detects the light, the response of it directly travels through the spinal cord and then it right away alerts the motor neurons back.
16. What is the response of target organs when the body uses to regulate blood sugar?
The response of target organs is that the body absorbs glucose from the blood making the low blood sugar levels into normal.
12. What is the response of target organs when the body goes through to control the increase of sugar or glucose?
The response of target organs is that the endocrine system releases sweat glands and pituitary glands that turn into fluids and the response of the target organs for the exocrine system is that it releases pituitary gland.
84. Describe what the results of the tests can say about the health of the eyes.
The results of the tests can say about the health of the eye exam. It will tell you how well you can see, treatment for the eye, any sort of vision problems, anything wrong with the other eye exams, and how far you can see with the eyes.
39. Explain the role the hypothalamus plays in regulating hormone action.
The role the hypothalamus plays in regulating hormone action is that it lets go hormones which signal the release of its own hormones to the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of other glands of hormones and this begins the hypothalamus to occur.
63. What roles do these muscles play?
The roles these muscles play are like sleeping like closing your eyelids for a long period of time, blinking, and even crying can be part of the muscles playing a role because all of these are movements of the eyes to function.
65. What is the function of sclera?
The sclera provides protection because it is the protective outer layer of the eye.
50. Retina
The sensory membrane that lines most of the large posterior chamber of the vertebrate eye, is composed of several layers including one containing the rods and cones, and functions as the immediate instrument of vision by receiving the image formed by the lens and converting it into chemical and nervous signals which reach the brain by way of the optic nerve.
69. What shape is the pupil in a cow's eye?
The shape of the pupil in a cow's eye is an oval.
52. Blind Spot
The small circular area in the retina where the optic nerve enters the eye that is devoid of rods and cones and is insensitive to light.
88. What are the specialized skills of an ophthalmologist?
The specialized skills of an ophthalmologist is licensed by a state regulatory board to diagnose, treat, and manage conditions affecting the eye and visual system and qualified to deliver total eye care, meaning vision services, eye examinations, medical and surgical eye care, diagnosis and treatment of disease, and visual complications such as diabetes that are caused by other conditions.
96. What are the specialized skills of an optician?
The specialized skills of an optician is to analyze and interpret eye prescriptions, to determine the lenses that best meet a person's needs, to oversee ordering and verification of eye-related products from start to finish, and they also dispense, replace, adjust, repair, and reproduce previously ordered contact lenses, eyeglasses, and frames.
92. What are the specialized skills of an optometrist?
The specialized skills of an optometrist is to be trained to diagnose and treat vision conditions such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, and presbyopia and also they may test a person's ability to focus and coordinate the eyes and see depth and colors accurately.
9. What are the steps the body goes through to control the increase of sugar or glucose?
The steps your body goes through to control this increase are the endocrine system and exocrine system. The endocrine system has a hormone of pituitary gland where they basically release the satisfactory things of that system that are turned straight into fluid. The exocrine system has a hormone of sweat gland and this basically releases the satisfactory things for this particular hormone making them into ducts.
13. What are the steps the body uses to regulate blood sugar?
The steps your body uses to regulate blood sugar is that when your blood sugar levels go low or decreases, it releases glucagon and the glucagon gets broken down from the liver to the glucose and the blood gets glucose when the liver is released. Whereas the steps if the blood sugar levels go high or increase, it releases insulin where insulin gives signals or lets the body know that glucose is obtainable for use and then the insulin gets into the cells.
46. Cornea
The transparent part of the coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil and admits light to the interior.
58. Sclera
The white external layer of the eyeball.
78. Describe two ways in which the cow eye and the human eye differ. How are these differences linked to function?
Two ways in which the cow eye and the human differ is that first being that the cow eye has an oval shaped pupil and the human eye has a round shaped pupil and second being that they have different amounts of muscles in the eyes meaning that the cow eye has four muscles whereas the human eye has six muscles giving the human eye two extra muscles compared to the cow eye. These differences are linked to function because they show which eye has more power and more functions to the eye.
56. Tapetum
"A reflective layer of the choroid in the eyes of many animals, causing them to shine in the dark."
23. List Lincoln's symptoms on your team's evidence board and work together to generate ideas about their cause and organize them on the board.
- Gradual enlargement of his body tissue - Bones of face and jaw growing thicker and changing shape - Hands and feet look larger - Feels sluggish - Extremely low sperm count - Some problems with his vision - Images are blurry and sometimes seems double
74. Cone
Any of the conical photosensitive receptor cells of the vertebrate retina that function in color vision.
73. Rod
Any of the long rod-shaped photosensitive receptors in the retina responsive to faint light.
2. Hormone
Any one of the many circulating chemical signals found in all multicellular organisms that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and coordinate the various parts of the organism by interacting with target cells.
68. Note that the cornea does not have any blood vessels. Given the function of the cornea, why do you think it is important that the cornea is clear and free of blood vessels?
I think it is important that the cornea is clear and free of blood vessels because it's the outer layer of the eye meaning that it would be the first layer of what you see from the eye allowing very clear vision and then all the other muscles are formed after that.
62. Why do you think the human eye is surrounded by seven different muscles?
I think the human eye is surrounded by seven different muscles because each muscle has a function and since the eyes move a lot meaning left to right, the side, or the corner of the eye, each of the seven mussels each have a role in playing it and help support it to function or process it.
72. Seeing the state of the retina after removing the fluid, what do you think would happen to the retina if this fluid was not present? How would this affect vision?
I think the retina would turn into a crumbled up shape or like it will change its shape or form than it was before this fluid was not present. This would affect vision because everything would seem like it blurry and you won't have a vision that's clear.
37. The pituitary gland is often called the "control center of the endocrine system." Why do you think this is an appropriate title?
I think this is an appropriate title because the pituitary gland signals other hormones by producing hormones like thyroid so they can help support homeostasis by giving off their own hormones.
66. Do you think this structure is designed for strength or clarity? Why?
I think this structure is designed for strength because it is under the eye or eyelid but it could play a huge role due to it being a muscle of the eye.
38. Explain how Lincoln's endocrine system disorder affected other body systems.
Lincoln's endocrine system disorder affected other body systems by having too much of a hormone or too little of a hormone because it can harm the body and that's when things get complicated and there are health issues to be concerned of. Lincoln's endocrine system disorder affected other body systems which caused four different hormones found by the symptoms. One of the hormones was the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) produced and released into the bloodstream by the pituitary gland and this hormone was too low or decreasing. The second hormone is the Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) where it was produced in the anterior or in front of the brain pituitary gland and this hormone was too low or decreasing. The third hormone is the Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) which occurs in sexual development and functioning because Lincoln and his wife were trying to get pregnant and this hormone was too low or decreasing. The fourth hormone is the Human Growth Hormone (HGH) and this produced by the pituitary gland where it helps promote the body's growths and this was too high or was increasing and that's how Lincoln's endocrine system disorder affected other body systems.
30. What are the hormone or glands and the target organs that might be of having extremely low sperm count? Use arrows to show connections between these hormones or glands and Lincoln's symptoms.
Pituitary Gland produces hormones necessary ---> TSH produce impair sperm ---> Adrenal Gland ---> impair sperm production.
27. What are the hormone or glands and the target organs that might be in the bones of face, the jaw growing thicker, and changing shape? Use arrows to show connections between these hormones or glands and Lincoln's symptoms.
Pituitary Gland produces human hormone growth ---> GH ----> manages physical growth hormone ---> muscle and bone growth.
28. What are the hormone or glands and the target organs that might be of hands and feet looking larger? Use arrows to show connections between these hormones or glands and Lincoln's symptoms.
Pituitary Gland produces human hormone growth ---> GH ----> manages physical growth hormone ---> muscle and bone growth.
33. Discuss possible reasons Lincoln is having vision problems. Add hypotheses to your evidence board. Use this information to help you decide the overall cause of Lincoln's symptoms.
Possible reasons Lincoln is having vision problems is a tumor in the occipital lobe or a tumor pushing against the occipital lobe could be possible causes of Lincoln's vision problems. The occipital lobe is responsible for processing information from the eyes so if there was a tumor, one's vision can become damaged from the tumor and there is even a possibility of going blind. This can affect the way he sees things which would explain his face, hands, and feet looking larger, as well as his blurry and double vision. That is also a symptom of a tumor.
76. The optic nerve takes messages back to the brain which then interprets the signal projected on the retina. Which area of the brain is responsible for processing these signals?
The area of the brain that is responsible for processing these signals are the occipital lobe because it's what handles the vision and the eyes.
17. Is the body's response an example of positive or negative feedback?
The body's response is an example of negative feedback because you can't go to homeostasis when your body constantly increases the sugar levels the insulin brings the blood sugar down or decreases and this occurs when the insulin is released supporting it to get normal blood sugar levels.
60. Vitreous Humor
The clear viscous substance that fills the eyeball behind the lens.
35. Research the connection between the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus, another structure in the brain. The hypothalamus and the pituitary form the chief link between the nervous and the endocrine system. Take notes in your laboratory journal.
The connection between the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus, another structure in the brain, is that the hypothalamus links nervous and endocrine systems by way of the pituitary gland. Its function is to secrete releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones in the anterior pituitary gland.
18. Describe two problems that can produce an imbalance of sugar in the blood and lead to diabetes.
Two problems that can produce an imbalance of sugar in the blood and lead to diabetes is insulin. One problem is when insulin ends up releasing, the insulin receptors won't properly hold together or be together. The second problem is when it cannot or can't make the insulin release These are the two problems that will eventually lead to diabetes.