HBSE Chapter 2- Schriver- Traditional and Alternative Paradigms

Steps in Scientific Method

1. Choosing research topics 2. Constructing hypotheses 3. Selection methods 4. Collecting data 5. Analyzing data 6. Interpreting findings and drawing conclusions

According to Lyubansky- 3 approaches to define whiteness

1. racial identity or whiteness as a group identity distinct from non-white people and groups. 2. racial bias or discrimination directed by white people toward none-white people. 3. racial privilege or the unearned and often unconscious benefits accrued simply as a result of being white.

Alternate paradigms reflect what perspectives/attributes?

Feminine and Feminist

What does alternative paradigms incorporate products and processes for creating knowledge upon which to base actions and beliefs?

Interpretive Intuitive Subjective Qualitative

Human Diversity

Persons are not evaluated according to standards of whiteness

According to the Dominant paradigm what is awarded according to the degree to which one displays and adheres to the mithods, attributes, perspectives, standard, and ways of relating to others that characterize the traditional ad dominant paradigm

Privileged status

Feminism

a conceptual framework ad mode of analysis that has analyzed the status of women ( ad other disempowered groups), cross-culturally and historically to explain dynamics and conditions undergirding disparities in sociocultural status and power between majority and minority populations

Separateness and Impersonality

a focus on separation of mind (thought) from body (physical). Scientific approach, Emphasis is placed on separating personal values from the empirical process of knowledge. Value free, objective, natural sciences. Associated with independence, autonomy and individuality.

Subjective knowledge

a perspective from which truth and knowledge are conceived of as personal, private, and subjectively known or intuited.

Diversity and Differences

a source of strength, creativity, wonder and health, processes of discovery are central, not one answer or question

Patriarchal ideal of masculinity, attributes

aggression, courage, physical strength and health, self-control and emotional reserve, perseverance and endurance, competence and rationality, independence, self-reliance, autonomy, individuality, sexual potency.

Interpretive knowledge

an alternative mode of inquiry tht draws as much from the humanities as from the natural science

Quantative approach

assumes that all materials are potentially quantifiable. Seeks to answer questions by making generalizations about people and things based on precisely measured quantities. Value, veracity, importance and power are determined by how often and much or many has been observed

Oppressions

conditions and relations that allow some persons and groups privilege at the expense of others.

Norm of rightness

defined norm, a standard of rightness and often righteousness used to judge all other persons backed up by institutional and economic power, by institutional and individual violence

Basic concepts of hermeneutic approach

empathy and beginning where the client is, understanding the meaning of human experience.

Intuitive knowledge

is based on a direct, nonintellectual experience of reality arising in an expanded state of awareness. Tends to be synthesizing, holistic and nonlinear.

Privilege

is that powerful but often unspoken and taken for granted sense that one fits, that one is an active and powerful participant and partner in defining and making decisions about ones world. Sense that ones worldview is in fact dominant. The total of the benefits one accrues as a result of that dominance. exclusive at expense of others.

The Dominant paradigm places primary value on and reflects

masculine attributes and patriarchal perspectives

Integrative and complementary

nature of differences among people and ideas

Interconnected and personal

nature of our relationships with other persons and with the elements of the worlds around us.

Within the Dominant paradigm, concepts and people tend to be placed in

oppositional or competitive positions in relation to each other

Objective approach

places a premium on being unbiased, unprejudiced, detached, impersonal.

The characteristics necessary for knowing and evaluating the world according to the traditional and dominant paradigm is

positivistic scientific objective quantitative

Traditional and Dominant paradigm gains its specific identity in the following ways for creating knowledge upon which to base actions and beliefs

positivistic, scientific, objective and quantitive methods (processes)

Scientific approach

requires systematic, controlled, empirical and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among natural phenomena

Qualitative data and Research methods

requires the researcher to be engaged in the lives of the people studied, hear stories, points of view, understand meanings.

Subjective understanding/knowing

respects personal experience as an important, valuable, valued influence on what is know and how we view the world

Patriarchy

rule of the fathers, is a society in which formal power over public decision and policy making is held by adult men. Embodiment of masculine ideals and practices.

Interrelatedness and Interconnectedness

sense of the interrelatedness of humans with all elements of the environment in which we exist.

Dominant paradigm evaluates relations with others are constructed with concern for maintaining high degrees of

separateness and impersonality

Dichotomies or binary Oppositions

tendency to separate into opposite and competing forces- the opposing sides tend to be hierarchical, with one dominant or primary, the opposite subordinate and secondary. Carry strong implications of systemic inequality.

White privilege

the ability to exert power and control over others is often associated with whiteness.

Biculturality

the ability to function in two cultures simultaneously, function effectively according to the expectations of both the dominant paradigm and their own alternative worldview

Positivism/Empiricism

the belief that knowledge is gained through objective observations of the world around us. We can know the world with certainty only if we can observe it through our senses.

Objectivity

the characteristic of viewing things as they "really" are. Belief there is some ultimate link between logical thinking and empirical facts.

Hermeneutics

the science of interpretation

Interlocking systems of oppression

this alternative approach recognizes the interrelatedness of oppressions and the interconnections between oppressions and the other dimensions of both traditional/dominant and alternated paradigms.

Dominant paradigm evaluates a persons worth and importance according to standard of

whiteness