HBSE Final

Hydrocephalus

abnormal amount of spinal fluid accumulates in skull, skull enlargement and brain atrophy

Incidence of Abortion

3/4 of all abortions were for women between the ages of 15 and 34.

Chorionic Villi Sampling

Diagnosis defects in developing fetus. Involves the insertion of a thin plastic tube through the vagina or a needle through the abdomen into the uterus.

Ejaculation

Discharge of semen, sperm travels up into the uterus and through the fallopian tube to meet the egg. About 300 million sperm.

Maternal Blood Tests

Done between the 15th and 20th weeks of gestation to detect a variety of conditions.

Labor

rhythmic, regular contractions of the uterus that result in delivery of child, placenta, and membranes

Spina Bifida

spiral column has not fused shut and some nerves remain exposed

Fetoscopy

tiny instrument called fetoscope inserted into amniotic cavity, making it possible to see the fetus. if view is clear, defects of hands and legs are visible.

Amniocentesis

Involves insertion of a needle through the abdominal wall and into the uterus to obtain amniotic fluid for determination of fetal gender or chromosomal abnormalities.

Causes of male infertility

Low sperm counts, decreased sperm motility, undescended testes, various types of drugs, damaged veins in the scrotum or testes, decreased testosterone levels.

Prenatal Influences

Nutrition, Drugs and Medication, Alcohol, smoking, and Age.

Ovulation

Ovaries release a mature egg into the body cavity near the end of one of the fallopian tubes.

Ectopic Pregnancy

fertilized egg can start to develop somewhere other than uterus

afterbirth

delivery of placenta and other fetal material

Down Syndrome

extra chromosome, cognitive disability. short skull, widely spaced eyes, flattened nose

Ultrasonography

AKA ultrasound - high frequency sound waves to produce the image of the fetus on a television-like screen.

Causes of female infertility

Blocked fallopian tubes, pelvic inflammatory disease, failure to ovulate or decreased frequency of ovulation, stress, abnormally thick mucus, exposure to toxic substances, poor nutrition, no mensi, age, genetic conditions.

Fimbriae

Fingerlike projections at the end of the fallopian tube that draw the egg into the tube.

Fetus

From 8 weeks until birth.

Conceptus

From the point of attachment until 8 weeks of gestation, the conceptus, or product of conception is called an embryo.

Lifespan of Sperm

Sperm can survive up to 72 hours in a woman's body. Most likely to fertilize within 24 hours after ejaculation.

Intrauterine insemination

Sperm injected directly into uterus instead of vagina

Teratogens

Substances, including drugs, that cause malformations in the fetus.

What is the most common alternitive for an infertile couple?

Surgery and fertility drugs.

Cilia

The egg gently moves inside the tube by tiny hairlike extentions. Fertilization occurs in the third of the fallopian tubes, closest to the ovary.

Zygote

The genetic material in the egg and sperm combine to form a single cell.

Infertility

The inability to conceive despite trying for one year.

Blastocyst

The new mass of cells formed after 4-7 days.

Dilation

cervix is dilated, or opened, in preparation for the baby to pass through it, pain, water bag releases towards end of stage

Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer

collected eggs and sperm are placed directly into fallopian tube, embryos can drift to uterus, fertilization occurs in fall. tubes

Direct Sperm Injection

doc. uses pipette and injects sperm into an egg, resulting in zygote which is placed in uterus

Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer

eggs and sperm are first combined in lab dish to form zygote and transferred to fallopian tubes

In Vitro Fertilization

eggs removed from womans body, fertilized with sperm in lab dish, implanted in uterus

Expulsion

marks the time when the baby is actually born

Spontaneous abortion

miscarriage

Toxemia/Induced Hypertension

mother involving high blood pressure, edema (abnormal accumulation of fluid and resultant swelling of various body cavities), protein in the urine, and convulsions during the latter half of the pregnancy. leading cause of maternal/fetal death*

Rh Incompatability

mothers blood cant accept babies blood, vice versa