HBSE Final
Hydrocephalus
abnormal amount of spinal fluid accumulates in skull, skull enlargement and brain atrophy
Incidence of Abortion
3/4 of all abortions were for women between the ages of 15 and 34.
Chorionic Villi Sampling
Diagnosis defects in developing fetus. Involves the insertion of a thin plastic tube through the vagina or a needle through the abdomen into the uterus.
Ejaculation
Discharge of semen, sperm travels up into the uterus and through the fallopian tube to meet the egg. About 300 million sperm.
Maternal Blood Tests
Done between the 15th and 20th weeks of gestation to detect a variety of conditions.
Labor
rhythmic, regular contractions of the uterus that result in delivery of child, placenta, and membranes
Spina Bifida
spiral column has not fused shut and some nerves remain exposed
Fetoscopy
tiny instrument called fetoscope inserted into amniotic cavity, making it possible to see the fetus. if view is clear, defects of hands and legs are visible.
Amniocentesis
Involves insertion of a needle through the abdominal wall and into the uterus to obtain amniotic fluid for determination of fetal gender or chromosomal abnormalities.
Causes of male infertility
Low sperm counts, decreased sperm motility, undescended testes, various types of drugs, damaged veins in the scrotum or testes, decreased testosterone levels.
Prenatal Influences
Nutrition, Drugs and Medication, Alcohol, smoking, and Age.
Ovulation
Ovaries release a mature egg into the body cavity near the end of one of the fallopian tubes.
Ectopic Pregnancy
fertilized egg can start to develop somewhere other than uterus
afterbirth
delivery of placenta and other fetal material
Down Syndrome
extra chromosome, cognitive disability. short skull, widely spaced eyes, flattened nose
Ultrasonography
AKA ultrasound - high frequency sound waves to produce the image of the fetus on a television-like screen.
Causes of female infertility
Blocked fallopian tubes, pelvic inflammatory disease, failure to ovulate or decreased frequency of ovulation, stress, abnormally thick mucus, exposure to toxic substances, poor nutrition, no mensi, age, genetic conditions.
Fimbriae
Fingerlike projections at the end of the fallopian tube that draw the egg into the tube.
Fetus
From 8 weeks until birth.
Conceptus
From the point of attachment until 8 weeks of gestation, the conceptus, or product of conception is called an embryo.
Lifespan of Sperm
Sperm can survive up to 72 hours in a woman's body. Most likely to fertilize within 24 hours after ejaculation.
Intrauterine insemination
Sperm injected directly into uterus instead of vagina
Teratogens
Substances, including drugs, that cause malformations in the fetus.
What is the most common alternitive for an infertile couple?
Surgery and fertility drugs.
Cilia
The egg gently moves inside the tube by tiny hairlike extentions. Fertilization occurs in the third of the fallopian tubes, closest to the ovary.
Zygote
The genetic material in the egg and sperm combine to form a single cell.
Infertility
The inability to conceive despite trying for one year.
Blastocyst
The new mass of cells formed after 4-7 days.
Dilation
cervix is dilated, or opened, in preparation for the baby to pass through it, pain, water bag releases towards end of stage
Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer
collected eggs and sperm are placed directly into fallopian tube, embryos can drift to uterus, fertilization occurs in fall. tubes
Direct Sperm Injection
doc. uses pipette and injects sperm into an egg, resulting in zygote which is placed in uterus
Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer
eggs and sperm are first combined in lab dish to form zygote and transferred to fallopian tubes
In Vitro Fertilization
eggs removed from womans body, fertilized with sperm in lab dish, implanted in uterus
Expulsion
marks the time when the baby is actually born
Spontaneous abortion
miscarriage
Toxemia/Induced Hypertension
mother involving high blood pressure, edema (abnormal accumulation of fluid and resultant swelling of various body cavities), protein in the urine, and convulsions during the latter half of the pregnancy. leading cause of maternal/fetal death*
Rh Incompatability
mothers blood cant accept babies blood, vice versa