CCE 140-E1
Transposition
"Higher" (emotional) and "Lower" (physical, sensational) "He sees all the facts but not the meaning." This person is functioning on the lower medium Piano to symphony example, lose something
What are the units of 10meters ÷ 5 seconds?
2 m/s
What are the units of 8meters x 4meters?
32 meters squared
How does the scientific community define uncertainty in terms of a percent?
70%
TRUE or FALSE When different types of knowledge are in conflict, we should search for the best answer according to the authority of Jesus
???
What is an inference?
A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning
What is a derived unit?
A unit defined by a combination of base units
What is the difference between data and theory?
Data is gathered by our senses via observations Theory is how we interpret that data 'Good' data trumps theory
Jennifer leaves for school at 7AM. Jennifer is always on time. Jennifer assumes that she will always be on time if she leaves at 7AM. INDUCTION DEDUCTION
Deduction
What are the five parts of the scientific method?
Determine problem/question Develop hypothesis Design experiment to test Run experiment and collect data Draw conclusions from data
What are the five steps of the scientific method?
Determine problem/question Develop hypothesis Design experiment to test Run experiment and collect data Draw conclusions from data
What are three rules of the "game of science?"
Every effect has a physical cause. Laws of physics describe this cause-and-effect. The laws of physics apply at all places and times in the universe
TRUE or FALSE Because she is a scientist and a Christian, Dr. VH is a member of the Church of Scientology
False
TRUE or FALSE Science follows the same rules as literature
False
TRUE or FALSE Science follows the same rules as mathematics
False, Science has similar rules, but not the same
TRUE or FALSE Science can answer all things
False. Science can only answer some things by using logical reasoning to explain the world around us
What are derived units usually named for?
Famous scientists, very high honor
Be able to figure out what quadrant you are looking at given a data point. Example: (3,2) or (-1,-1
II, I III, IV (3,2) = Q1 (-1, -1) = Q3
Be able to explain what Einstein's article was about in one or two sentences
Idea of axioms: simple assumptions Scientists use equations and can discover new implications in them by exploring them with math and reason Using logic Finding conclusions to match something real
What turns a hypothesis into a theory?
If a hypothesis has not been falsified and it has over and over again been able to make accurate predictions about the physical world, it will become a THEORY in time
What is postmodernism?
Late 20th-century movement characterized by broad skepticism, subjectivism, or relativism; a general suspicion of reason; and an acute sensitivity to the role of ideology in asserting and maintaining political and economical power.
Give three caveats to the scientific method:
Length of time spent on any process (e.g. induction) can vary dramatically Not everyone agrees on a singular scientific method What you do as a scientist will vary with your discipline Not everyone agrees on what disciplines are scientific Being scientific does not make something better or worse than something that is unscientific
Who wrote the essay Transposition?
Lewis
What is an average?
Measure of central tendency obtained by totaling the scores and dividing the total by the number of scores in the distribution
Does an exponent have a unit? YES or NO
No
Can a unit be added or subtracted from a different unit? YES or NO
No 6m+4s=???
Is this data? 3.14 YES or NO
No, missing unit
What is data in terms of the scientific method?
Pieces of information regarding your dependent variable
four broad attributes of science
Records experiences (disciplined observations) Proposes order of nature (theories) Uses mathematical models (Force = Mass x Acceleration) Tests ideas against other experiences (experiments are controlled experiences)
What is non-scientific knowledge that we use to interpret the world around us
Revealed knowledge: knowledge that is not gained from observation of nature or any part of creation but is revealed directly by God. Jesus Christ and his word are God's chief means of self-revelation
How do scientists establish that they are using the same units?
SI system units
What is the difference between scientific and non-scientific information
Scientific is things that you can observe or study. Nonscientific is you cannot observe or study and you have to trust what is told to you
Be able to explain what Bacon's article was about in one to two sentences
Scientific revolution movement Gather data and then infer or use inductive reasoning to come to speculative conclusions Bacon not really an experimental guy though he was a proponent of them
Why do you label each axis?
So you know what the axis represents and also the numerical values
Why do you label a graph in the first place?
So you know what the graph as a whole is representing
Be able to explain what Popper's article was about in one or two sentences
Start by formulating a hypothesis, then collect data to see if they support the hypothesis. Some creativity to coming up with a hypothesis Hypothesis->logical deduction->conclusion Favors DEDUCTIVE reasoning
What is the Nicene Creed?
Statement of belief often used in Christian worship services. "I believe in one God, the Father Almighty..."
TRUE or FALSE God created an orderly universe
True
TRUE or FALSE God created man and woman in His image
True
TRUE or FALSE God knows all things with a perfect, complete knowledge
True
TRUE or FALSE It is possible to completely eliminate uncertainty with repeated measurements.
True
TRUE or FALSE Making more and more repeated measurements reduces uncertainty
True
TRUE or FALSE Christianity uses rules
True, ex: "Rule of Faith"— a standard to measure ideas against to ensure that the Faith does not change through the ages
TRUE or FALSE Scientific answers come from logical reasoning about the physical world
True, following the rules of science
What is an "experimental (independent) variable"?
What you are changing to observe if it has an effect
What happens to units if two identical units are added?
Will not change the units 6m+4m=10m
What happens to units if two identical units are subtracted?
Will not change the units 6m-4m=2m
What happens when you divide two identical units?
Works the same as dividing numbers and gives a ratio 10m/5m=2 times longer
What happens when you multiply two identical units?
Works the same as multiplying numbers 6mx4m=24m^2
What is the X-axis and which is the Y-axis?
X-axis=horizontal axis Y-axis=vertical axis
Is this data? 6.1 feet YES or NO
Yes
What does 22±0.1 mean?
You should get anywhere from 21.9 to 22.1
What is a "dependent variable"?
Your signal or how you will tell if the experimental variable matters
What is uncertainty?
a randomness that occurs in data, it's not your fault, it is the way nature is
If we are "ordering ourselves to God's natural order" what are the three levels we can use/compare?
avoiding death, basic health, and abundant life Food example: eating a few times a week and avoiding poison, vs eat a variety of food in moderation a few times a day, vs nutritious, satisfying, delicious food
Jesus was crucified. DATA or THEORY
data
Males in the U.S. average a shorter height than males in Sweden. DATA or THEORY
data
What is the difference between data and a conclusion?
data is the empirical evidence while conclusions is what the data means
All squares are rectangles. All rectangles have four sides, so all squares have four sides. INDUCTION DEDUCTION
deduction
Arrives at a specific conclusion from generalizations. INDUCTION DEDUCTION
deduction
Can support something, but never discovers something new. INDUCTION DEDUCTION
deduction
If I play a spade, play will reverse direction. INDUCTION DEDUCTION
deduction
Moves from generalization to hypothesized outcome. INDUCTION DEDUCTION
deduction
Often uses "if, then" reasoning. INDUCTION DEDUCTION
deduction
Uses statements of truth organized as a hierarchy. INDUCTION DEDUCTION
deduction
Aristotle is known for his use of INDUCTION DEDUCTION
deductive
In the bullseye example, what does the uncertainty depend on?
depends on how bad the player is (large vs small circle)
What are five parts of scientific method shared by all
experiment, observation, deduction, induction, and falsifiability are common throughout science
TRUE or FALSE All conclusion from data are accurate
false
TRUE or FALSE A theory is more accurate than good data (empirical evidence.)
false; good data trumps theory
Bacon is known for his use of INDUCTION DEDUCTION
induction
Can discover something but not specifically support the discovery INDUCTION DEDUCTION
induction
Dave observes sixteen bass in a river. Dave infers that all fish in the river are bass. INDUCTION DEDUCTION
induction
Makes a conclusion based on empirical data INDUCTION DEDUCTION
induction
Moves from observations towards generalization INDUCTION DEDUCTION
induction
Takes events and makes generalizations. INDUCTION DEDUCTION
induction
Used when there are numerous observations that lead to a gradual buildup of understanding INDUCTION or DEDUCTION
induction
What is revealed knowledge?
knowledge that is not gained from observation of nature or any part of creation but is revealed directly by God. Jesus Christ and his word are God's chief means of self-revelation
data vs meaningless numbers
meaningless numbers do not have units and are therefore just random numbers, they have no meaning
Gen. George B. McClellan was afraid of failure, which caused him to constantly overestimate the numbers of Confederate soldiers. SCIENTIFIC or NON-SCIENTIFIC
non scientific
Google is the best search engine. SCIENTIFIC or NON-SCIENTIFIC
non scientific
I think bananas are better than oranges. SCIENTIFIC or NON-SCIENTIFIC
non scientific
Man will never be able to explore every area of the vast ocean. SCIENTIFIC or NON-SCIENTIFIC
non scientific
What is error?
not random and is your fault ex: throwing dart at wrong board
Why are units important to scientists?
numbers without units are meaningless and have no relevance1
How can you express uncertainty about a numerical value?
plus or minus X
How do we talk about smaller or larger units?
prefixes, KHDaBDCM
Chocolate syrup removes stains from satin SCIENTIFIC or NON-SCIENTIFIC
scientific
Jesus lived Nazareth (modern-day Israel) SCIENTIFIC or NON-SCIENTIFIC
scientific
Man landed on the moon on July 16, 1969. SCIENTIFIC or NON-SCIENTIFIC
scientific
The kitchen smelled like cinnamon. SCIENTIFIC or NON-SCIENTIFIC
scientific
The reaction smelled like sulfur. SCIENTIFIC or NON-SCIENTIFIC
scientific
The test tube smelled like yeast. SCIENTIFIC or NON-SCIENTIFIC
scientific
What is the difference between subjective and objective
subjective is how you view things with bias objective is facts only, no bias
If carbon emission is decreased, the air quality will improve. DATA or THEORY
theory
If you eat Swedish meatballs, you will grow taller. DATA or THEORY
theory
What are the standard unit of time, length, and mass?
time=second, length=meter, mass=kilogram
TRUE or FALSE Scientific statements are falsifiable.
true
TRUE or FALSE We gather data with our sense
true
When is something falsified?
when the experimental observations do not come out as planned
