HC Exam 2 (Chap 6)

Researchers found that _____ were far better at detecting prejudicial attitudes as expressed in subtle nonverbal behavior than _____.

African Americans; Whites

What typically characterizes touchers who use demand touching?

Demand touchers typically have higher status and exert more control over encounters than do their receivers.

Which of the following is NOT a question to ask yourself when considering the ethics of nonverbal communication? Would you want anyone to observe this nonverbal behavior? Have you ever observed this nonverbal behavior in others? Does your nonverbal behavior reflect your real attitudes, beliefs, and feelings? Does your nonverbal behavior contradict your verbal message?

Have you ever observed this nonverbal behavior in others?

What did psychology professors Michael Kraus and Dach Keltner observe by examining individuals' use of nonverbal communication while interacting with strangers?

Individuals with higher socioeconomic status were more likely to display disengagement behaviors than those with lower socioeconomic status.

What does the text indicate about the overall amount of meaning that nonverbal behaviors contribute to a communication interaction?

It cannot be accurately estimated by anyone.

Nominalists vs Realists

N: lang has no influence on our perception of world R: lang traps us and defines our world -Sapir-Whorf Hypotho

Which of the following is true of the characteristics of nonverbal communication? Nonverbal communication involves only overt, not subtle, behavior. Nonverbal communication is simple and universal. Nonverbal communication occurs through one channel at a time. Nonverbal communication helps us communicate more complex messages.

Nonverbal communication helps us communicate more complex messages.

Language is made up of 4 componants

Phenology (sounds/vowels,consonants, diphthongs) Syntax (structure and rules/governs how words form sentences) Semantics (meaning/ connotative and denotative) Pragmatics (the use//seeks to id patterns or rules)

Kate drew her eyebrows together as she walked across campus worrying about her final exam. Cindy saw her frowning and thought Kate was mad at her. This illustrates the fact that nonverbal cues are sometimes _____.

ambiguous

When Kara's boss patted her on the back right after a successful project, she saw his behavior as a sign of goodwill. However, when a coworker repeatedly touched her back while on the elevator with her, Kara felt uncomfortable. Kara assessed these nonverbal messages by _____.

analyzing the context

When Lurene arrived for her interview, she smiled and shook hands firmly. However, during the interview she kept looking at the clock and fidgeting with her jewelry. The interviewer wasn't sure if Lurene was nervous or bored. Lurene's behaviors seem to reinforce the idea that nonverbal messages _____.

are multichanneled and complex

Inform

comm info or report facts

Nonverbal cues are especially important to the expression of emotions because _____.

communicators are often more comfortable expressing their feelings nonverbally than they are stating them explicitly

One way to assess appropriate nonverbal communication is to check how it relates to the verbal message in terms of _____.

congruency

Saying "I like you" while smiling is an example of a(n) _____ message.

congruent

When verbal and nonverbal messages express the same meaning, they are _____.

congruent

People exhibit nonverbal behaviors all the time they are conscious, meaning that these behaviors are _____.

continuous

When verbal and nonverbal messages are the opposite of each other, as in the use of sarcasm, they are _____.

contradicting

Laughing or smiling while reprimanding an employee for an off-color joke is an example of a _____ message.

contradictory

When Stephan tells his son to stop making silly faces at the dinner table, but he laughs every time it happens, he is engaging in _____ communication.

contradictory

In many Arabic cultures, eye gaze during social interaction is more direct than is typical in the United States. This is an example of _____ in nonverbal communication.

cultural influences

Miranda needs Charlie to do her a favor, so she smiles to make him more receptive. She is using nonverbal behavior to _____.

establish social control

Interactional

establishes/defines social relationships

Personal Language

expresses individ personality. More personal than public

Which of the following communicates more than any other nonverbal behavior? vocal pitch gestures facial expressions posture

facial expressions

We use nonverbal behaviors particularly to interpret messages related to _____.

feelings, moods, and attitudes

Which of the following is an example of the nonverbal code known as kinesics? voice qualities use of time vocalizations gestures

gestures

When Karen tells her neighbor she saw a huge spider, she holds her thumb and index finger far apart to demonstrate its size. Karen is using which type of nonverbal gesture?

illustrator

At the office, Harriet generally maintains personal distance with her coworkers. When she goes home to her family, she uses _____ when caring for her baby.

intimate distance

Your text notes that according to some scholars, not all nonverbal behavior is communicative. These scholars believe that some nonverbal behaviors can be characterized as _____.

involuntary bodily output

Which of the following is an example of unethical nonverbal communication? cheating on your income taxes laughing at a racist joke even though you dislike it thinking that you dislike someone based on their personality using a demeaning term to refer to a woman

laughing at a racist joke even though you dislike it

The fact that many U.S. Americans believe that blonde hair is better than brown, thin is better than fat, large breasts are better than small, and young is better than old can be attributed to _____.

media and advertising messages

When Gary is at work, he likes to do one thing at a time: check his email, attend a meeting, or eat lunch. He gets frustrated by his staff, who often do all these things simultaneously, and his displeasure is obvious. We can describe Gary's use of time as _____.

monochronic

Instrumental

most basic function, use to obtain what we need or desire

Which of the nonverbal cues listed appears to be almost universal across cultures?

nodding to indicate yes

Which of the following is a way that prejudice can be communicated nonverbally? shaking hands with someone because everyone else is leaning toward someone while talking to them smiling at someone without really meaning it not looking at someone while talking to them

not looking at someone while talking to them

The establishment of strict dress codes in schools supports the idea that nonverbal communication is important because it often affects _____.

public policy

If a father tells his young son that he cannot wear a dress to school, this is an example of _____.

regulating expression of identity

James is talking to a small group of friends. During the conversation, he leans forward and looks at the current speaker to indicate he would like to speak next. Which function of nonverbal behavior is he displaying?

regulating interaction

Which of the following is most likely to be considered an unethical nonverbal behavior? using the same social distance with coworkers as with your boss remaining silent when someone refers to your friend with a demeaning name ensuring that your nonverbal behavior does not contradict your verbal message letting your anger show in your tone of voice with a romantic partner

remaining silent when someone refers to your friend with a demeaning name

Which of the following examples most clearly illustrates the concept of intentionality? breathing deeply as you step outside smiling at someone you just met glancing upward because you are deep in thought coughing because your throat is dry

smiling at someone you just met

In baseball, when a manager scratches his arm to signal that a runner on base should steal home, scratching the arm is _____.

symbolic

Communication scholar Valerie Manusov and psychologist Miles Patterson define nonverbal communication as encompassing the sending and receiving of information through appearance, objects, behavior, and _____.

the environment

Although all groups use nonverbal communication to convey identity, who typically defines what behavior is and is not allowed for particular identities?

those with the most power

Prejudice and discrimination are often expressed nonverbally through such behaviors as eye rolling, ignoring, and _____.

turning one's back on others

A manager who continually finds a way to touch and stand very close to attractive employees, but remains at an appropriate distance from those he finds unattractive, is engaging in _____ nonverbal behavior.

unethical

Regulatory

use to control or regulate behavior of others

Imaginative

use to convey creative nature//express self artistically

Heuistic

when acquiring knowledge and understanding

According to English professor Paul Fussell, what nonverbal message is sent by the length of your driveway and the outward appearance of your home?

your socioeconomic class