HCB Test 7

- hair - skin - nails

what are the 3 appendages?

non-urgent moves

when there is no immediate threat to life

4 mm

how thick is the dermis?

stokes stretcher

most commonly used for transporting sick or injured persons

stratum granulosum

produces keratin

upper extremity: 9% (4.5% each arm) lower extremity: 18% (9% each leg) anterior trunk: 18% posterior trunk: 18% head & neck: 9% groin: 1%

rule of nines

- caused by pressure or force pushing the bone out of the joint; usually occurs in the setting of acute trauma - the shoulder is a very dynamic point, prone to injury - anterior dislocations are most common

shoulder dislocation MOI/NOI

- severe pain in the affected shoulder - repeat injury

shoulder dislocation Signs/Symptoms

miller board

- constructed of an outer plastic shell with an injected foam core - impervious to chemicals and the elements - can be used in virtually every confined-space rescue and vertical extrication - provides for full body immobilization

second degree burn (partial thickness burn)

- dermis is damaged - deep, intense pain, noticeable reddening, blisters, and mottles (spotted) appearance - swelling and blistering for 48hrs post injury

first degree burn (superficial burn)

- only the epidermis is affected - reddening of the skin and swelling - pain at the site

subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

- supports the skin - consists of adipose tissue and fascia

epidermis

- tough, leathery outer surface of the skin - 0.06 to 0.6 mm thick - protects against microorganisms and allows touch sensation

5 layers - stratum corneum - stratum lucidum - stratum granulosum - stratum spinosum - stratum basale

how many layers does the epidermis has?

paralysis

loss of muscle function through injury, disease, or damage to its nerve supply. Most paralysis is due to stroke or spinal cord injury

- thermal - chemical - electricity - light - radiological

what are the agents and sources of burns?

third degree burn (full thickness burn)

- all layers of the skin are damaged - difficult to tell apart from partial thickness burn - charred black, brown, or dry and white

cutaneous membrane

- another name for skin - primary role is to help protect the rest of the body's tissues and organs from physical damage such a abrasions, chemical damage and biological damage from microorganisms

macule

a patch of skin that is altered in color but not usually elevated and is a characteristic feature of various diseases

cardiac muscle

a specialized form of involuntary muscle, is found only in the heart

avulsion

a tearing away of a forcible separation

abrasions

an excoriation, or circumscribed removal of the superficial skin layers

moderate burns

full thickness - 2 to 10% partial thickness - 15 to 30% superficial - more than 50%

3 layers - epidermis (outer layer) - dermis (inner layer) - subcutaneous tissue (lower fatty layer)

how many layers does the skin has?

as close to skin as possible at end distal to knot

how to snip a suture?

folliculitis

inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis

keloid

irregular-shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar; grows beyond the boundaries of the wound; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing.

voluntary muscle

known as skeletal muscle, is under conscious control of the brain via the nervous system

involuntary muscle

known as smooth muscle, is found in the gastrointestinal system, lungs, blood vessels, and urinary system

- fracture of the humeral head - acromioclavicular joint injury - scapular fracture - cervical spine injury

shoulder dislocation assessment

- deformity and inability to use extremity or joint as usual - anterior dislocation (shoulder is squared off) - prominent acromion process - arm is held in slight abduction and external rotation

shoulder dislocation objective date

PRE HOS - splint utilizing sling and swathe In/Outpatient - administer pain meds - reduction of dislocation - obtain imagery (X-ray, CT, MRI) - document encounter

shoulder dislocation plan/treatment

dermatology

study of the skin and its diseases

burns

can cause injury to skin, muscles, bones, nerves, blood vessels, respiratory system structures, emotional and psychological problems

atrophy

decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue

range of motion (ROM)

extent of movement of a joint, measured in degrees of a circle

stratum lucidum

found only in the palms of the hands, fingertips and soles of feet

stratum spinosum

gives skin its strength and flexibility

cancer

a general term frequently used to indicate any of the various types of malignant neoplasms, most of which invades surrounding tissues

strain

muscle or tendon injury resulting from violent contraction or excessive force

dislocation

the disrupting or "coming apart" of a body part (joint) from its normal position

ecchymosis

the escape of blood into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels, often red to purple in appearance and variable in size

emergency moves

the patient is in immediate danger, you may have to move the patient before assessing the patient, immobilizing the patient's spine, or moving a stretcher into position.

urgent moves

the patient must be moved quickly for treatment of an immediate life threat

body mechanics

the proper use of the body to prevent injury and to facilitate lifting and moving

5 sections - cervical (7) - thoracic (12) - lumbar (5) - sacral (5) - coccyx (4)

the vertebrae are divided into how many sections?

direct carry

used to move a patient from a bed or from a bed level position to a stretcher

extremity lift

used to carry a patient to a stretcher or stair chair or lift a patient from the ground or sitting position

rule of nines

used to give a rough estimate of the surface area affected

33 vertebrae

How many vertebrae are there?

sebum

an oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair

Stratum corneum (horny layer)

- composed of dead skin cells - repels water

alopecia

absence or loss of hair

contusion

Any mechanical injury (usually caused by a blow) resulting in hemorrhage beneath unbroken skin

reeves stretcher

Designed for rapid immobilization of spinal and neck injuries in tight places

cervical collar

Device that wraps around the neck and provides rigid form to help prevent movement

cellulitis

Inflammation of subcutaneous, loose connective tissue; skin infection

direct ground lift

Used to lift a patient from the ground to a stretcher

scaphoid

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?

Furuncle (boil)

a deep-seated infection of the hair and sebaceous gland

gout

a form of arthritis, is a disorder of purine metabolism that results from an elevated serum uric acid level

comminuted fracture

a fracture in which the bone is broken is several places

minor burns

full thickness - less than 2% partial thickness - less than 15% superficial - 50% or less

critical burns

full thickness - more than 10% partial thickness - more than 30%

adipose tissue

highly vascular, loose connective tissue that stores fat, which provides energy, cushioning, and insulation

more than 20 inches

how far should you avoid reaching in front of your body?

stratum basale

the skin's most important cells (keratinocytes) are formed before moving up to the surface of the epidermis and shed into the environment as dead skin cells

sprain

the stretching or tearing of ligaments that causes pain and disability

draw sheet method

used along with direct carry method during transfers between hospitals and nursing homes or when a patient must be moved from a bed at home to a stretcher

- voluntary - involuntary - cardiac

what are the 3 types of muscles?

- by agent source - by depth - by severity

what are the 3 ways to classify burns?

- provide support - protect internal organs - provides leverage and movement - produce blood cells - store minerals and lipids

what are the 5 main functions of the musculoskeletal system?