HCB Test 7
- hair - skin - nails
what are the 3 appendages?
non-urgent moves
when there is no immediate threat to life
4 mm
how thick is the dermis?
stokes stretcher
most commonly used for transporting sick or injured persons
stratum granulosum
produces keratin
upper extremity: 9% (4.5% each arm) lower extremity: 18% (9% each leg) anterior trunk: 18% posterior trunk: 18% head & neck: 9% groin: 1%
rule of nines
- caused by pressure or force pushing the bone out of the joint; usually occurs in the setting of acute trauma - the shoulder is a very dynamic point, prone to injury - anterior dislocations are most common
shoulder dislocation MOI/NOI
- severe pain in the affected shoulder - repeat injury
shoulder dislocation Signs/Symptoms
miller board
- constructed of an outer plastic shell with an injected foam core - impervious to chemicals and the elements - can be used in virtually every confined-space rescue and vertical extrication - provides for full body immobilization
second degree burn (partial thickness burn)
- dermis is damaged - deep, intense pain, noticeable reddening, blisters, and mottles (spotted) appearance - swelling and blistering for 48hrs post injury
first degree burn (superficial burn)
- only the epidermis is affected - reddening of the skin and swelling - pain at the site
subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)
- supports the skin - consists of adipose tissue and fascia
epidermis
- tough, leathery outer surface of the skin - 0.06 to 0.6 mm thick - protects against microorganisms and allows touch sensation
5 layers - stratum corneum - stratum lucidum - stratum granulosum - stratum spinosum - stratum basale
how many layers does the epidermis has?
paralysis
loss of muscle function through injury, disease, or damage to its nerve supply. Most paralysis is due to stroke or spinal cord injury
- thermal - chemical - electricity - light - radiological
what are the agents and sources of burns?
third degree burn (full thickness burn)
- all layers of the skin are damaged - difficult to tell apart from partial thickness burn - charred black, brown, or dry and white
cutaneous membrane
- another name for skin - primary role is to help protect the rest of the body's tissues and organs from physical damage such a abrasions, chemical damage and biological damage from microorganisms
macule
a patch of skin that is altered in color but not usually elevated and is a characteristic feature of various diseases
cardiac muscle
a specialized form of involuntary muscle, is found only in the heart
avulsion
a tearing away of a forcible separation
abrasions
an excoriation, or circumscribed removal of the superficial skin layers
moderate burns
full thickness - 2 to 10% partial thickness - 15 to 30% superficial - more than 50%
3 layers - epidermis (outer layer) - dermis (inner layer) - subcutaneous tissue (lower fatty layer)
how many layers does the skin has?
as close to skin as possible at end distal to knot
how to snip a suture?
folliculitis
inflammation and infection of the hair follicle and surrounding dermis
keloid
irregular-shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar; grows beyond the boundaries of the wound; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing.
voluntary muscle
known as skeletal muscle, is under conscious control of the brain via the nervous system
involuntary muscle
known as smooth muscle, is found in the gastrointestinal system, lungs, blood vessels, and urinary system
- fracture of the humeral head - acromioclavicular joint injury - scapular fracture - cervical spine injury
shoulder dislocation assessment
- deformity and inability to use extremity or joint as usual - anterior dislocation (shoulder is squared off) - prominent acromion process - arm is held in slight abduction and external rotation
shoulder dislocation objective date
PRE HOS - splint utilizing sling and swathe In/Outpatient - administer pain meds - reduction of dislocation - obtain imagery (X-ray, CT, MRI) - document encounter
shoulder dislocation plan/treatment
dermatology
study of the skin and its diseases
burns
can cause injury to skin, muscles, bones, nerves, blood vessels, respiratory system structures, emotional and psychological problems
atrophy
decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue
range of motion (ROM)
extent of movement of a joint, measured in degrees of a circle
stratum lucidum
found only in the palms of the hands, fingertips and soles of feet
stratum spinosum
gives skin its strength and flexibility
cancer
a general term frequently used to indicate any of the various types of malignant neoplasms, most of which invades surrounding tissues
strain
muscle or tendon injury resulting from violent contraction or excessive force
dislocation
the disrupting or "coming apart" of a body part (joint) from its normal position
ecchymosis
the escape of blood into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels, often red to purple in appearance and variable in size
emergency moves
the patient is in immediate danger, you may have to move the patient before assessing the patient, immobilizing the patient's spine, or moving a stretcher into position.
urgent moves
the patient must be moved quickly for treatment of an immediate life threat
body mechanics
the proper use of the body to prevent injury and to facilitate lifting and moving
5 sections - cervical (7) - thoracic (12) - lumbar (5) - sacral (5) - coccyx (4)
the vertebrae are divided into how many sections?
direct carry
used to move a patient from a bed or from a bed level position to a stretcher
extremity lift
used to carry a patient to a stretcher or stair chair or lift a patient from the ground or sitting position
rule of nines
used to give a rough estimate of the surface area affected
33 vertebrae
How many vertebrae are there?
sebum
an oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair
Stratum corneum (horny layer)
- composed of dead skin cells - repels water
alopecia
absence or loss of hair
contusion
Any mechanical injury (usually caused by a blow) resulting in hemorrhage beneath unbroken skin
reeves stretcher
Designed for rapid immobilization of spinal and neck injuries in tight places
cervical collar
Device that wraps around the neck and provides rigid form to help prevent movement
cellulitis
Inflammation of subcutaneous, loose connective tissue; skin infection
direct ground lift
Used to lift a patient from the ground to a stretcher
scaphoid
What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?
Furuncle (boil)
a deep-seated infection of the hair and sebaceous gland
gout
a form of arthritis, is a disorder of purine metabolism that results from an elevated serum uric acid level
comminuted fracture
a fracture in which the bone is broken is several places
minor burns
full thickness - less than 2% partial thickness - less than 15% superficial - 50% or less
critical burns
full thickness - more than 10% partial thickness - more than 30%
adipose tissue
highly vascular, loose connective tissue that stores fat, which provides energy, cushioning, and insulation
more than 20 inches
how far should you avoid reaching in front of your body?
stratum basale
the skin's most important cells (keratinocytes) are formed before moving up to the surface of the epidermis and shed into the environment as dead skin cells
sprain
the stretching or tearing of ligaments that causes pain and disability
draw sheet method
used along with direct carry method during transfers between hospitals and nursing homes or when a patient must be moved from a bed at home to a stretcher
- voluntary - involuntary - cardiac
what are the 3 types of muscles?
- by agent source - by depth - by severity
what are the 3 ways to classify burns?
- provide support - protect internal organs - provides leverage and movement - produce blood cells - store minerals and lipids
what are the 5 main functions of the musculoskeletal system?