HDF Exam 3 Revel Questions

In what year did the United States Supreme Court legalize same-sex marriages across the nation?

2015

Which of the following best describes a primary developmental milestone in Piaget's concrete operational stage?

A child is able to predict the effect of breaking a rule at school.

Which of the following statements is true regarding power in same-sex couple relationships?

A majority of couples report relatively equal power in the relationship.

Which of the following is true regarding the role of power in marital relationships?

A partner who imposes power typically influences the decision-making process in the relationship.

__________ is taking a child into one's family through legal means and raising her or him as one's own.

Adoption

Which of the following statements best explains the position of advocates of transracial adoption?

Advocates of transracial adoption point out that children are more likely to remain in foster care if transracial adoption is not available.

Which of the following issues impacts marriage postponement patterns among African Americans?

African American women tend to be more educated than African American men.

Which of the following best demonstrates the double standard of mate selection between aging men and women?

Aging men are considered "distinguished."

Which of the following statements best describes changing attitudes toward marriage?

An increasing number of people consider marriage to be obsolete.

__________ style describes a parenting style that is demanding, controlling, rigid, and punitive.

Authoritarian

Which of the following is an example of how you might improve communication in a marriage?Which of the following is an example of how you might improve communication in a marriage?

Ava always says thank you to her husband when he makes dinner

Which of the following statements best explains why many doctors oppose the practice of bed sharing?

Bed sharing increases the risk of accidental death for infants.

Which child development theory focuses on understanding how the interaction between a child's personality, environment, and physiological tendencies shapes development?

Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory of Development

Which of these statements best describes patterns of child marriage, globally?

Child marriage occurs in the U.S. as well as other parts of the world.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the costs of having children?

Child-rearing costs increase when children live in an urban area

Which of the following statements best reflects the positive impacts of cohabitation on children?

Children are more likely to benefit from having two income earners rather than living in single-income homes.

According to the text, in which of the following nations is it common for a couple to have a "living apart together" marriage due to the need for rural men to move to urban centers for work?

China

Which of the following best explains why Asian American women have lower than average cohabitation rates?

Cohabitation is stigmatized in Asian American communities.

Which of the following statements best explains the effectiveness of corporal punishment as a parenting practice?

Corporal punishment tends to lead to mental health problems, emotional distress, lower self-esteem, and relationship violence as children grow up.

According to Gottman, which of the following patterns best demonstrates the difference between lasting marriages and those that split up?

Couples have five positive interactions between partners for every negative one.

David and Amy have been dating for a year. In the relationship, David is more committed to Amy than she is to him. According to the principle of least interest, __________.

David has less control than Amy

Which of the following is a way to improve your communication style?

Don't generalize.

Which of the following statements represents a distinctive macro-level characteristic that contributes to marriage postponements?

Economic depressions, recessions, and unemployment reduce the marriage market for singles.

Elsa and Pam adopt different dating patterns to find their potential partners. Elsa relies on traditional dating, whereas Pam follows a contemporary dating pattern. Which of the following statements is probably true of their dating patterns?

Elsa follows clear and culturally defined gender role scripts, whereas Pam does not.

Dr. Payne argues that people develop throughout their life by facing specific challenges at each life stage that allow their development. Which development theory is Dr. Payne most likely to embrace?

Erikson's Psychosocial Theory of Development

Eva's marriage is an example of hypergamy. Which of the following best describes this aspect of her marriage?

Eva married into a higher social class

Which of the following is a difference between getting together and hanging out

Getting together is more intimate and structured than hanging out.

Which of the following statements best describes the current state of child care patterns and characteristics in the U.S.?

High-income families are likely to use child care arrangements such as day care centers.

Which of the following statements best describes family structure and behavior in high-socioeconomic status families?

High-income families foster positive attitudes toward school

__________ is a micro-level factor that causes breakups

Infidelity

Which of the following is a drawback of online dating?

It does not collect crucial information about individuals

Which of the following characteristics is indicative of traditional dating as a way to meet potential spouses?

It involves men and women following clear and culturally defined gender role scripts.

Which of the following is characteristic of "scapegoating" as a form of communication breakdown between spouses?

It involves one spouse trying to dishonestly place the blame on the other spouse.

Which of the following is true of heterogamy in many parts of the world, such as Vietnam?

It is thriving because people do not have potential marriage mates in their own social group.

Which of the following is true of the significance of using a wedding ceremony?

It marks the end of childhood and the acceptance of adult responsibilities even in the case of young couples.

Which of the following is a function of engagements?

It sends a hands-off message to other interested sexual partners.

On average, the __________ population is younger than other groups, which might contribute to higher rates of singlehood among this group.

Latino

Why do Latino children ages 3 to 5 struggle with reading compared to other racial groups?

Latino parents may not have English language skills to allow them to read to children.

Which of the following is true regarding same-sex marriages?

Lesbians are more likely than gay men to marry.

In 2006, the International Marriage Broker Regulation Act required U.S. men seeking a visa for a prospective bride to disclose any criminal convictions for domestic violence, sexual assault, or child abuse. Which of the following is a reason why the Act has not been very effective?

Mail-order brides in abusive marriages may not know that they can leave the marriage.

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects current research about marital quality?

Marital quality impacts well-being more than well-being impacts marital quality.

Which of the following statements demonstrates the selection effect phenomenon?

Married people are healthier than their unmarried counterparts because they are attracted to individuals with desirable traits.

Which of the following statements best demonstrates the protection effect?

Married people are more likely than singles to quit smoking and less likely to drink heavily.

Which of the following is an important factor in understanding dating violence?

Men who have more stereotypical views of women's sexual behavior are more likely to be violent

Which of the following is true of a difference between men and women with regard to postponing marriage?

Men's median age at first marriage is higher than that of women.

Which of these statements best describes the driving forces behind changing marriage patterns in Japan and South Korea?

More women are acquiring a college education

__________ refers to a serious illness that can occur up to a year after childbirth.

Postpartum depression

Which of the following statements best explains the patterns regarding boomerang children in recent decades?

Several macro-level factors contribute to a delay in transition to independence for young adults.

Which of the following statements is typically true regarding marital success?

Similar beliefs, attitudes, values, and social backgrounds are critical factors in a successful marriage.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects a popular misconception about singlehood?

Singles are selfish.

Which of the following is a common, but inaccurate generalization about singles?

Singles are usually lonely and miserable and want to marry.

Which of the following statements best explains why couples sometimes see a decline in marital satisfaction after their first child joins the family?

Socializing children takes enormous time and patience

Which of the following statements is true as one of the reasons why some Americans are opting to live alone?

Some single career women live alone because they have the resources to do so.

Which statement best explains why men aged 65 to 74 are more likely to be in a dating relationship than women of this age?

The dating market is larger for older men than for older women.

Which of these is a difference between same-sex and opposite-sex families with regard to children?

The quality of parent-child relationships is generally higher in same-sex than in opposite-sex families.

Which of the following statements best describes the process of identity bargaining?

The transition from being single to married requires a transformation of attitudes and behaviors.

Which of the following statements best describes how middle-socioeconomic status (SES) families differ from low-SES families?

Their manner of speech is likely to enhance their children's vocabulary and self-expression.

Which of the following best describes why the number of singles is low among Cuban Americans?

There is an emphasis on the importance of marriage and children.

Which of the following is true of personal classified advertisements

They first appeared in newspapers in the early 1700s

Very few women and men report dating violence. Which of the following is a reason behind this?

They grew up in violent homes.

Which of the following statements accurately describes a trend among Asian American singles?

They have the lowest singlehood rates when compared to all other ethnic groups.

Which of the following statements illustrates an advantage of breakups?

They provide more opportunities to find a more suitable mate for marriage.

Which of the following is a fact about most forms of arranged marriages?

They view family as more important than the individual.

Ali and Juan are a recently married couple who just discovered that Ali is pregnant. Neither Ali nor Juan planned on becoming a parent any time soon. Which of the following is most likely to be an issue in their situation?

They will likely have less prenatal care than with a planned pregnancy

Jacob's father—as he had often done while Jacob was in high school—went to Jacob's college professor and demanded that the C he'd been given on a recent paper be increased. What outcome is most likely associated with this kind of parenting behavior?

This behavior will decrease Jacob's feelings of autonomy and competence.

Which of the following statements is the best example of a disadvantage of cohabitation in comparison to marriage?

U.S. laws don't specify a cohabitant's responsibilities and rights.

__________ is a form of effective communication whereby a person shows respect for another person who has a different opinion or point of view.

Validation

How common is dating violence among college students?

Very common; only a quarter to a third have not experienced some sort of violence

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning Americans' self-reports of marital happiness?

Women report being less happily married than men.

Which of the following statements is true regarding women who are child free?

Women with a college education and careers are more likely than their male counterparts to be child free.

About what percentage of Americans are currently married?

about 50 percent

In a(n) __________ conflict resolution strategy, the conflict ends when one person agrees with or goes along with the other

accommodation

Nadine hangs out with her friend, Mackie, in a deserted park. Taking advantage of the isolated place, he forces her to have sexual intercourse with him. This example is suggestive of a(n) __________ rape.

acquaintance

Ray lives with punitive parents who are constantly demanding and expect him to obey all their commands. As a result, he hardly has any personal freedom at home. This is an example of which of the following parenting styles?

authoritarian

Nancy is an adolescent girl, age 15. Her friends at school perceive her to be a disciplined and a well-mannered child. In addition, she excels in both academics and extracurricular activities. According to this scenario, the __________ parenting style is most likely to be followed by Nancy's parents.

authoritative

A person who emphasizes the values of individualism is also likely to agree that __________.

being single provides more economic autonomy than being married

Young adults who live away from their parents' home for a while and then return are referred to as the __________.

boomerang generation

Abdul presented to Salma's family 60 goats and $50,000 in cash when they married. The payment made by Abdul to Salma's family is referred to as the __________

bride price

Which of the following strategies is typically used by partners who try to force their point of view on their spouses?

coercion

Harry, a serial dater, has lived with several women over the past few years. He believes that all relationships are temporary and views living together as an alternative to marriage. This scenario illustrates the __________

cohabitation effect

Which of the following is the most common manifest reason for getting married?

companionship

Which of the following is the healthiest conflict resolution strategy for a couple with a difference in opinions?

compromise

William and Sharon have a generally happy marriage but have separate friends and interests. Which of the following best describes their marriage type?

conflict minimizers

Which of these is the biggest change for couples in retirement according to the text?

couples experiencing physical decline

Which of the following terms refers to a living arrangement in which two people who spend a great deal of time together eventually decide to move in together?

dating cohabitation

Changing attitudes among husbands with traditional views about marriage has __________ the gender gap in housework among employed spouses.

decreased

Sam and Laura rarely spend quality time together, have poor conflict resolutions skills, little in common, and are generally unhappy. According to Olson and Fowers, this is an example of a __________ marriage

devitalized

When he turned 18, Julio wished to move out of his parents' home. His mother reluctantly agreed to let him leave but felt depressed and lonely after a few months. Additionally, she experienced a lessened sense of well-being. In this scenario, Julio's mother is experiencing the __________.

empty-nest syndrome

Kim and Kevin have been experiencing feelings of unfairness in their dating relationship. Kim has been receiving more benefits through the relationship than for the amount she is putting into it, and Kevin has been putting more into the relationship than he is receiving. What theory might best explain their feelings of unfairness?

equity

Tyrone and Ivana recently got married after dating for a period of three years. Within a month into their marriage, Ivana observes that Tyrone still spends a lot of his weekends at his parents' house instead of with her. Tyrone's strong loyalty to his parents, even after marriage, shows that Tyrone has failed to __________.

establish boundaries in his marriage

Carrie has been dependent on alcohol for the past ten years and continues to consume it even when she is pregnant. She gives birth to a baby boy who suffers from a range of mental and physical impairments. According to this information, it can be inferred that Carrie's son suffers from __________.

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder

Evan is a new father who is excited about being a dad but doesn't help very much with his infant because his wife, Anne, is very critical of how he cares for the baby. This is an example of __________.

gatekeeping

George Herbert Mead argues that children eventually come to understand the role of the __________ by establishing their sense of self.

generalized other

Propinquity, one of the filters in the filter theory, refers to __________.

geographic closeness

According to the __________, attractive people are assumed to possess other desirable social characteristics such as warmth, sexual responsiveness, kindness, poise, sociability, and good character

halo effect

Which of the following is most likely to contribute to role strain among mothers in the U.S.?

having high standards for parenting

Interracial and interethnic relationships have become more common in recent years. These types of relationships are understood to be an example of __________.

heterogamy

Denise is in a causal relationship with Preston. They primarily engage in sexual intercourse and do not expect to remain with each other for long. Their dating pattern is an example of __________

hooking up

The number of multigenerational households in the U.S. has __________ in the last 40 years.

increased

Being independent, fearing divorce, and enjoying close relationships are __________ that contribute to marriage postponements.

individual factors

Ella grew up in a family where she saw a great deal of conflict and unhappiness between her parents. She has decided not to marry because she is afraid of repeating her parents' mistakes. This is an example of a(n) __________.

individual reason

Walter is in a long-term same-sex relationship and is generally happy; however, he struggles at times with difficult feelings about his relationship caused by his parents' negative perceptions of his sexuality. This is an example of __________.

internalized homonegativity

A manifest function of dating is __________

love and affection

A relationship ending because one of the partners moves away is an example of what kind of reason for a relationship to end?

macro

In comparison with other reasons for conflict, fights over __________ last longer and are more likely to lead to depressive behavior and physical aggression.

money

According to the text, which of the following is an advantage of singlehood for older adults?

not having to deal with the trauma of widowhood

One of the widespread myths about infants is that __________.

parents who pick up crying babies will spoil them

Emma and Chris move in together for the sole purpose of testing their relationship before getting married. According to the types of cohabitation, Emma and Chris are __________.

premarital cohabitants

Maria, a wealthy businesswoman, was engaged to Ryan. Before the marriage, Maria's parents insisted that Ryan should sign an agreement that would absolve Maria from parting with her wealth to Ryan in case of a divorce. Such an agreement is known as a(n) __________.

prenuptial agreement

Evelyn is a busy professional who wants to find a romantic partner but finds the process too time consuming. She wants to use a dating strategy in which dating experts will carefully pair up people based on personality, appearance, and goals. Which of the following strategies is she most likely to use?

professional matchmaker

In Latino communities, the rite of passage that celebrates a girl's entrance into adulthood is called the __________.

quinceañera

Though Mark has not been in a serious relationship for a while, he enjoys dating women. He lives away from his family and dating women prevents him from feeling lonely. Dating also makes his leisure time more enjoyable by spending quality time with his dates. In this scenario, which of the following functions of dating is being fulfilled?

recreation

High rates of relationship satisfaction during the transition to parenthood can be preserved by __________.

reducing stress and increasing fairness

People who have traditional values about gender roles often consider __________ important, but more egalitarian relationships are likely to consider it less important

religiosity

Which of these is the most effective form of discipline to help children develop into responsible adults?

removing a misbehaving toddler from a play area

Roy and Nancy decide to adopt a child from a couple and approach their attorney for this purpose. Most of the communication between the couples is through the attorney. According to this information, which of the following types of adoption is being implemented by Roy and Nancy?

semi-open adoption

A benefit of having a child is a __________.

sense of satisfaction

Living with different sexual partners over time is a unique feature of __________.

serial cohabitation

The __________, expressed as a whole number, is the proportion of men to women in a country or group.

sex ratio

The __________ theory states that people will begin and remain in a relationship if the rewards are higher than the costs.

social exchange

Which of the following is a macro-level factor for postponing marriage?

social movements

Diana, age 32, is an advertising executive. She is ambitious and prefers to lead an independent life. However, her widowed mother tells her about the negative effects of being single and thereby compels her into marriage. According to this scenario, which of the following is a latent reason for Diana's decision to marry?

social pressure

Which of the following is a latent function of dating?

social status

Which of the following is the primary reason for many American singles to consider marriage?

societal pressure

Gerry narrows down to Rosie as his potential dating partner after grading 25 participants and spending 15 minutes with each one of them. Which dating strategy did Gerry use to meet Rosie?

speed dating

When Eva tries to discuss her husband's lack of help around the house with him, he responds by saying "Uh-huh" but not paying attention to her concerns. This is an example of __________, a problematic communication practice.

stonewalling

Jennifer recently got married to Adrian after a seven-year dating period and intends to have a child with him after three years. According to this information, Jennifer is __________.

temporarily childless

Cyberbullying includes __________.

the infliction of intentional and repeated harm using computers and other electronic devices

A sex imbalance in the number of available unmarried partners combined with differences in wealth, power, status, and education that reduce the pool of potential partners is an example of __________.

the marriage squeeze

Infertility refers to __________.

the repeated inability to conceive a baby after trying for at least a year

Marriage rates have been falling since the 1980s in the United States. Which of the following is a reason for this phenomenon?

the social acceptability of cohabitation and nonmarital births

Clare lives with Sam but is not married to him. She gives first priority to her active social life and self-development; her decision to marry Sam takes a backseat. Clare displays the traits of a(n) __________.

voluntary temporary single

At what stage do married couples report they are least happy?

when they have teens in the home

Among all racial groups in America, the vast majority of people living alone are __________.

white

As conflict resolutions, standoffs differ from withdrawals in that __________.

withdrawals do not provide any resolution at all

Which group of people is the most likely to support other priorities over marriage?

young adults