HEA 1510 Chapter 1 Intro

Calories

A calorie is such a small unit of measurement that energy in food is reported in 1000-calorie units called kilocalories or ______

cognitive and psychological factors

A child that eats macaroni and cheese for lunch and then vomits 2 hours later learns to dislike macaroni and cheese even though the macaroni and cheese did not cause the vomiting. This is an example of _____ influencing food choices

essential

A nutrient that cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by food is considered ______

element

A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by ordinary chemical or physical means is called a(n)

the body does not make enough of the nutrient to meet its needs the body does not make the nutrient

An essential nutrient must be supplied by food because ______

4 9 4

Carbohydrates are worth about ______ Calories per gram, fats are worth ______ Calories per gram, and proteins are worth about __________ Calories per gram.

deficiency diseases

Certain _________ can be cured by eating specific nutrients, but diet is just one aspect that influences health

organic

Compounds that contain carbon

be taken in addition to the diet

Dietary supplements are intended to ______.

environmental factors

Food cost Proximity of one's home to food store, fast-food restaurants, etc. Availability of food Relationships Government policies Food distribution and marketing

variety, moderation, balance

Foundation of a healthful eating plan

physical activity habits dietary practices

Lifestyle is a person's way of living that includes _____

calories

Macronutrients and alcohol supply the body with energy in the form of ___________

nourished

Malnutrition is a state of health that occurs when the body is improperly ______.

refined starches added sugars solid fats sodium

Nutrient-dense foods have little or no _____.

excess body fat type 2 diabetes heart disease some types of cancer

Poor eating habits contribute to the development of ______

cancer heart disease

Poor eating habits contribute to the leading causes of death to Americans. The top two leading causes of death to Americans are _____. These are both considered chronic

foods

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 allows manufacturers to classify nutrient supplements and herbal products as _____

energy density

The amount of energy (kcal) a food provides per given weight (grams) of the food

calorie

The heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.

kilocalorie (kcal)

The heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 grams of water 1 degree Celsius.

phytochemical

The substance found in many plants that is not considered a nutrient but has many healthful benefits is called a

biological and physiological

The taste, smell, and texture of foods and the internal sensations of hunger and thirst are ______ factors that influence food selections

true

True or false: A healthy diet can be achieved even with foods that are considered unhealthy as long as they are consumed in moderation.

false

True or false: The FDA regulates dietary supplements as strictly as prescription medications.

false

True or false: There are certain foods that are considered perfect foods and should be eaten every day.

empty calories

Unhealthy solid fats and added sugars (SoFAS), and alcohol are referred to as ___________ and are generally not good sources of vitamins and most minerals

50-70%

Water comprises about ______ of the body's total weight. Multiple choice question.

college trained with extensive knowledge in foods and nutrition trained in dietetics

What type of training has a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) completed?

Exercising regularly Consuming fruits and vegetables

What would be effective in decreasing a person's risk for premature death?

amino acid mineral herb vitamin

Which are most likely to be taken as a dietary supplement

water

Which is considered the most essential nutrient

water

Which nutrient comprises the largest percentage of the body of a healthy man or woman?

food

Your childhood experiences, cost, convenience, mood, education, habits, beliefs, flavor, and media are all factors that influence your ______ choices.

chronic disease

a disease that develops gradually and continues over a long period of time

diet

a person's usual pattern of food choices

dietary supplement

a product that contains a vitamin ,mineral, herb or other plant product, an amino acid, or a dietary substance that supplements the diet by increasing total intake

malnutrition

a state of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished• Includes BOTH Undernutrition and Overnutrition

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of1 994 (DSHEA)

allows manufacturers to classify nutrient supplements and herbal products as foods

megadose

an amount of a vitamin or mineral that greatly exceeds the recommended amount of the nutrient

ability to perceive external sensory information age ability to perceive internal sensory information

examples of biological and physiological factors that influence food choices

religious beliefs mood media

factors that are most likely to influence food choices

Maintains collagen Holds cells of the tiniest blood vessels together Produces scar tissue for healing wounds

functions of vitamin C

nutrient dense

having a high amount of nutrients relative to the number of calories

nutrients

life-sustaining substances in food

lipids

macronutrient functions in cellular development, physical growth and development

Carbohydrates

macronutrient major source of energy

protein

macronutrient, responsible for production of structural components, such as muscle fibers, and functional components, such as enzymes energy source

water

micronutrient functions in maintenance of fluid balance

vitamins

micronutrient functions in regulation of body processes and immune function

minerals

micronutrient functions in regulation of body processes, including fluid balance and energy metabolism

conditionally essential nutrients

normally nonessential nutrient that, under certain circumstances, becomes essential

inorganic

nutrients that do not contain carbon

vitamins water minerals

nutrients that do not provide energy in the body

Medical nutrition therapies

nutritionally modified ("special") diets for people with chronic health conditions

risk factors

personal attributes, characteristics, or exposures that increase a person's chances of developing a chronic disease

Carotenoids

phytochemical that aids in cancer and macular degeneration risk reduction

Capsaicinoids

phytochemical that aids in pain relief

phenolics

phytochemical with antioxidant activity, cancer growth inhibition, and heart disease risk reduction

organosulfides

phytochemical with antioxidant activity, improved immune function, and heart disease risk reduction

alkaloids

phytochemical with stimulant effects

physiological dose

the amount of a nutrient that is within the range of safe intake and enables the body to function optimally.

dietetics

the application of nutrition and food information to achieve and maintain optimal health and to treat many nutrition-related conditions

metabolism

the total of all chemical processes that occur in living cells

bomb calorimeter

used when measuring caloric content of a food through direct calorimetry

Utilizing means of media advertising Food packaging of products Product placement in the supermarkets

ways that manufacturers target costumers

fats carbohydrates proteins

which are considered macronutrients. provide energy to the body