Head, Face, and Neck
How many bones compose the skull?
22
Platysma
A: Assist to depress the mandible, tighten facia of neck, draw down corner or neck O: Facia covering superior part of pec major I: Base or mandible, skin and lower part of face
Digastric
A: Depress mandible, elevate hyoid bone, retract mandible O: Mastoid process I: Inferior border of the mandible
Nasalis
Constricts the nostril and draws down tip of the nose, flares nostrils during forced respiration (flare nose)
Depressor Labii Inferioris
Depresses the corner of the mouth while protruding and drawing the lower lip laterally (essential for flossing lower teeth)
Zygomaticus Major
Draws corner of the mouth upward and laterally (shows upper teeth, smile)
Procerus
Draws down skin between eyebrows (concerned look)
Corrugator Supercilii
Draws eyebrows medially and inferiorly (anger face, "face or difficulty")
Levator Labii Superioris
Elevate and protrude the upper lip (show your upper teeth)
Levator Anguli Oris
Elevate the corner of the mouth (smirk)
Mentalis
Elevate the skin of the chin and protrude the lower lip (pout with lip curl)
Zygomaticus Minor
Elevates and protrudes upper lip (deepen nasolabial furrow and puff out top of cheek)
Obicularis Oculi
Encircles eye and closes eyelid
Obicularis Oris
Encirlcles the mouth and closes the mouth (kisses)
Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi
Flare nose and and elevate and protrude upper lip (scrunch nose)
Depressor Anguli Oris
Pulls the corner of the mouth inferiorly and laterally (sad face)
Risorius
Retracts the corner of the mouth laterally (fake smile)
The anterior scalene lies partially deep to the lateral edge of each muscle?
SCM
What 3 landmarks create the borders of the neck's anterior triangle?
SCM, base of mandible, trachea
Buccinator
Tightens the corner of the lip and presses the cheek firmly against the teeth (Blow trumpet, suck straw)
The brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass through a small gap between which 2 muscles on the anterior, lateral neck?
anterior scalene, middle scalene
Which muscle originates at the mastoid process, loops through a tendinous sling at the end of the hyoid bone and inserts to the inferior border of the mandible?
digastric
The 4 muscles that comprise the suprahyoids.
digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, stylohyoid
To discern the posterior scalene from the levator scapula, what action could you ask your parter to perform that would contract the levator but the scalene?
elevate the scapula
The _______ bone forms the forehead and upper rim of the eye sockets.
frontal
What 2 muscles attach from the anterior surface of the cervical vertebrae to the occiput and atlas?
longus capitis, longus colli
The ________ is the strongest muscle in the body relative to its size.
masseter
Which muscle runs from the hyoid bone to the superior border of the scapula and is mostly inaccessible?
omohyoid
To access the insertion of the temporalis, you must ask your partner to perform what action?
open mouth to access coronoid process
The ______ bones merge at the body's midline to form the sagittal suture.
parietal
To create and even more visible contraction of the sternocleidomastoid, ask your partner to flex her neck after making what adjustment?
rotate head slightly to opposite side
Which muscles are located between the SCM and the anterior flap of the trapezius?
scalenes
You might ask your partner to "breathe deeply into your upper chest" when palpating which muscle group?
scalenes
The 2 heads of the sternocleidomastoid originate at the ________ and the ________.
top of manubrium, medial 1/3 of clavicle
Infrahyoids
A: Depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage O: Top of manubrium, thyroid cartilage, superior border of scapula I: Hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage
Suprahyoids
A: Elevate hyoid and tounge, depress mandible O: Underside of mandible, styloid process I: Hyoid bone
Masseter
A: Elevate the mandible, assist to protract mandible O: Zygomatic arch I: Angle and ramus of mandible
Temporalis
A: Elevate the mandible, retract the mandible O: Temporal fossa and facia I: Coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of the madible
Lateral Pterygoid
A: Laterally deviate the mandible to opposite side, protract the mandible O: Infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone, lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of shenoid bone I: Articular disc and capsule of TMJ, neck of mandible
Medial Pterygoid
A: Laterally deviate the mandible to the opposite side, elevate and protract mandible O: Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone and tuberosity of maxilla I: Medial surface of ramus of the mandible
MIddle Scalene
A: Laterally flex head and neck to the same side, rotate head and neck to opposite side O: Transverse processes of 2nd-7th cervical vertebrae I: 1st rib
ANterior Scalene
A: Laterally flex head and neck to the same side, rotate head and neck to opposite side O: Transverse processes of 3rd-6th cervical vertebrae I: 1st rib
Posterior Scalene
A: Laterally flex head and neck to the same side, rotate head and neck to opposite side O: Transverse processes of 6th and 7th cervical vertebrae I: 2nd rib
Sternocleidomastoid
A: Laterally flex the head and neck to same side, rotate the head and neck to the opposite side, flex the neck, assist to elevate the ribcage during inhalation O: Top of manubrium, medial 1/3 of clavicle I: Mastoid process of temporal bone and the lateral portion of the superior nuchal line
Longus Colli
A: Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side, rotate the neck to the same side, flex the head and neck O: Bodies of C-5 to T-3, transverse processes of C-3 to C-5 I: Tuberacle on anterior arch of the atlas, bodies or axis, C-3 and C-4, transverse processes of C-5 and C-6
Longus Capitis
A: Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side, rotate the neck to the same side, flex the head and neck O: Transverse processes of C-3 to C-6 I: Inferior surface of occiput
Occipitofrontalis
A: Raise eyebrows and wrinkle forehead, anchor and retract the galea posteriorly O: Galea aponeurotica I: Skin superior to eyebrows, superior nuchal line of the occiput
Brachial Plexus
Large bundle of nerves that innervates the shoulder and upper extremity. Goes from transverse processes of C-5 to T-1, then squeezes between the anterior and middle scalenes, continues inferiorly and laterally, and ducts under the clavicle and into axillary region
Auricularis Muscles
Located above the ear and can move the ear
Located a the center of the occiput, the _______ is the superior attachment site for the ligamentum nuchae.
external occipital protuberance
The cranial bones are connected by _______ joints which form tight-fitting sutures.
fibrous
Passive elevation of the hyoid bone would _______ the infrahyoids.
lengthen
Passive flexion of the head and neck would ______ the SCM.
lengthen
Passive protraction of the mandible would ____ the digastric.
lengthen
Passive protraction of the mandible would ______ the temporalis.
lengthen
Which bony landmark is located directly behind the earlobe and serves as an attachment site for te sternocleidomastoid?
mastoid process
The galea aponeurotica forms the bridge between the 2 muscles bellies?
occipitalis, frontalis
The ________ is located at the posterior and inferior aspects of the cranium.
occiput
Which muscles becomes visually distinct when your partner forms a Creature from the Black Lagoon expression?
platysma
Which scalene is difficult to distinguish from surrounding muscle bellies?
posterior
The sternocleidomastoid, clavicle, and traps form the ____________ of the neck.
posterior triangle
What direction would you give your parter in order to locate the suprahyoids?
press the tip of the tounge firmly against the roof of the mouth
The frontalis is best seen and felt by asking your partner to do what action?
raise his eyebrows
Passive depression of the mandible would ____ the suprahyoids.
shorten
Passive elevation of the mandible would ______ the masseter.
shorten
Passive flexion of the head and neck would ______ the anterior scalene.
shorten
Passive lateral flexion of the head and neck to the same side would ______ the SCM and the scalenes.
shorten
Passive rotation of the head and neck to the opposite side would ________ the scalenes.
shorten
Passively raising the eyebrows would _____ the frontalis fibers.
shorten
Tightening the fascia of the neck would _____ the platysma.
shorten
Which bony landmark is located on the underside of the mandible and acts as an attachment site for the suprahyoid muscles?
submandibular fossa
While palpating the mandible, in which area should one use extra sensitivity?
submandibular fossa
Which bony landmark of the occiput serves a an attachment site for several neck muscles?
superior nuchal line
The broad origin of which muscle attaches at the frontal, temporal, and parietal bones?
temporalis
The space between the zygomatic arch and the cranium is filled by the _______ muscle.
temporalis