head, neck, face + abdominals
the sphenoid articulates with how many skull bones?
14 bones and is shaped like a butterfly
what is the biting force of the masseter?
150 lbs of pressure
how many bones are in the skull?
22 (8 cranial, 14 facial)
what is the linea alba?
Fibrous structure that runs down the midline of the abdomen
what is the function of the SCM?
Unilaterally: to laterally flex the neck, and to rotate the neck to the opposite side Bilaterally: flex the neck and assist to elevate ribs during inhalation
describe the shape of the diaphragam
a broad umbrella shape that separates the lower and upper thoracic cavity
what action would you have your partner do to feel the quadratus lumborum contract?
have them raise their hip to their shoulder
when do you use your quadratus lumborum?
hiking hip up when stepping over a log raising yourself from laying on your side salsa dancing
Passive protraction of the mandible would ______ the temporalis.
lengthen
Passive rotation of the vertebral column to the opposite side would (shorten or lengthen) the internal oblique.
lengthen
what abdominal muscle runs straight down the abdomen, from the rib cage to the pubic crest?
rectus abdominis
what are the four abdominal muscles?
rectus abdominis external oblique internal oblique transverse abdominis
Rotating your trunk to the right would engage your left or right internal oblique muscle?
right internal oblique
when do you use your temporalis?
ripping off a piece of beef jerky chewing the beef jerky grinding your teeth while you sleep
Passive elevation of the mandible would ______ the masseter.
shorten
the two heads of the SCM originate where?
the top of the manubrium and medial 1/3 of the clavicle
which abdominal muscle is the deepest?
the transverse abdominis
what artery supplies blood to the brain and spinal cord?
the vertebral artery. it passes through the transverse foramen of C6 - C1
describe the skull joints
they are different from arm and leg joints because they are meant for moving. the skull joints are fibrous, woven, and tight fitting, which does not allow for movement
how do the fibers of the intercostals run?
they are perpendicular to eachother
what are the intertransversarii muscles?
they are short muscles that span the transverse processes found in the lumbar and cervical regions
what is the function of the external oblique?
unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to same side rotate vertebral column to opposite side bilaterally: flex the vertebral column and compress abdominal contents
when do you use your SCM?
Shaking your head "no" (opposite side rotation) Shaking your head "yes" (bilateral flexion) Stabilizing the head while riding a roller coaster Cocking your head to hear what someone is saying
when do you use your abdominals?
a sit-up (flexion) belly dancing sitting up in bed and reaching to turn off your alarm coughing, vomiting
what causes a hiccup?
an involuntary contraction of the diaphragm will cause air to rush into the lungs and the vocal cords will snap shut
what are the three scalenes named?
anterior middle posterior
what happens if the scalenes are too tight?
because the brachial plexus runs through, if the scalenes are too tight it will become compressed and cause nerve problems
when do you use your masseter?
chewing speaking swallowing
what artery is the primary blood supply to the head and neck?
common carotid artery; there is one on the left and one on the right
what is the function of the transverse abdominis?
compress abdominal contents
what is the function of the serratus posterior inferior?
depress the ribs during expiration
what is the function of the masseter?
elevate the mandible and assist mandibular protraction
what is the function of the serratus posterior superior?
elevate the ribs during inspiration
what does the temporalis muscle do?
elevates and retracts mandible
what is the function of the interspinalis muscles?
extend the vertebral column
what movement do many posterior muscles perform?
extension of the vertebral column
what is the function of the rectus abdominis
flex the vertebral column and tilt pelvis posteriorly
what are the interspinalis muscles?
found in the lumbar and cervical regions; they connect the spinous processes
What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration?
it contracts and draws down the central tendon; it acts like a vacuum for air; the diaphragm relaxes when exhaling
where are features of the middle scalene?
it is slightly larger and is lateral to the anterior scalene
what are the features of the posterior scalene?
it is small and located between the middle scalene and levator scapula
passive rotation of the vertebral column to the same side would (shorten or lengthen) the external oblique.
lengthen
what are the primary muscles of mastication?
masseter, temporalis, pterygoids
identify bones of the skull
occipital parietal temporal frontal sphenoid ethmoid lacrimal nasal zygomatic maxilla mandible
Drawing the ventral part of the ribs upward would ____ the external intercostals.
shorten
Passive flexion of the head and neck would _____ the anterior scalene.
shorten
Passive lateral flexion of the head and neck would _____ the SCM and scalenes.
shorten
Passive rotation of the head and neck to the opposite side would _____ the scalenes.
shorten
Passive rotation of the head and neck to the same side would ________ the SCM.
shorten
increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity would (shorten or lengthen) the diaphragm's fibers?
shorten
when do you use your intercostals and diaphragam?
singing blowing up a balloon deep breathing during a triathalon
describe the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid
sternal head is thin clavicular head is flat
when do you use your scalene muscles?
taking a deep breath into the upper chest tipping your head to the side to get water out of your ear stabilizing your head when reading laying down
the anterior scalene is partially tucked below what muscle?
the SCM
what are the three scalene muscles sandwiched between?
the SCM and anterior flap of the trapezius
what is the primary muscle of respiration?
the diaphragam
the quadratus lumborum is deep to what muscle group?
the erector spinae group
you are palpating lateral to the edge of the rectus abdominis, and the fibers you feel are superficial and running at an angle. What muscle are you feeling?
the external oblique
which oblique muscle runs down in a diagonal pattern?
the external obliques
what nerve controls sensation of the face?
the facial nerve
what oblique muscle runs upward in a diagonal pattern?
the internal obliques
what edge of the quadratus lumborum is accessible from the side of the torso?
the lateral edge
Where is the sternocleidomastoid?
the lateral/anterior neck and attaches to the mastoid from the manubrium and clavicle
which muscle is the strongest in the body relative to its size?
the masseter
what scalene is it difficult to distinguish from surrounding muscle bellies?
the posterior scalene
what muscle is absent in 20% of the population?
the pyramidalis muscle
what tissue structure covers the abdominal muscles?
the rectus sheath
what muscles or structures are the serratus posterior superior and inferior deep to?
the scapula, rhomboids, and thoracolumbar aponeurosis
where is the temporalis muscle?
the temporal aspect of the cranium
what are the intercostals?
they are the small slender muscles between the ribs
what is the function of the internal intercostals?
they assist with exhalation and stabilize the rib cage
what is the function of the external intercostals?
they assist with inhalation
what 3 bony landmarks can help you isolate the borders of the quadraus lumborum?
twelth rib, posterior illiac crest, and the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae
what is the function of the scalenes?
unilaterally: laterally flex head and neck to same side with ribs fixed and rotate the head and neck to opposite side bilaterally: elevate ribs during inhalation and flex the head and neck
what is the function of the intertransversarii muscles?
unilaterally: laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side bilaterally: extend the vertebral column
what is the function of the internal oblique?
unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to same side and rotate vertebral column to the same side bilaterally: flex the vertebral column and compress abdominal contents
what is the function of the quadratus lumborum?
unilaterally: tilt (elevate) the pelvis laterally flex the vertebral column to same side assist with extending the vertebral column bilaterally: fix the last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation