head, neck, face + abdominals

the sphenoid articulates with how many skull bones?

14 bones and is shaped like a butterfly

what is the biting force of the masseter?

150 lbs of pressure

how many bones are in the skull?

22 (8 cranial, 14 facial)

what is the linea alba?

Fibrous structure that runs down the midline of the abdomen

what is the function of the SCM?

Unilaterally: to laterally flex the neck, and to rotate the neck to the opposite side Bilaterally: flex the neck and assist to elevate ribs during inhalation

describe the shape of the diaphragam

a broad umbrella shape that separates the lower and upper thoracic cavity

what action would you have your partner do to feel the quadratus lumborum contract?

have them raise their hip to their shoulder

when do you use your quadratus lumborum?

hiking hip up when stepping over a log raising yourself from laying on your side salsa dancing

Passive protraction of the mandible would ______ the temporalis.

lengthen

Passive rotation of the vertebral column to the opposite side would (shorten or lengthen) the internal oblique.

lengthen

what abdominal muscle runs straight down the abdomen, from the rib cage to the pubic crest?

rectus abdominis

what are the four abdominal muscles?

rectus abdominis external oblique internal oblique transverse abdominis

Rotating your trunk to the right would engage your left or right internal oblique muscle?

right internal oblique

when do you use your temporalis?

ripping off a piece of beef jerky chewing the beef jerky grinding your teeth while you sleep

Passive elevation of the mandible would ______ the masseter.

shorten

the two heads of the SCM originate where?

the top of the manubrium and medial 1/3 of the clavicle

which abdominal muscle is the deepest?

the transverse abdominis

what artery supplies blood to the brain and spinal cord?

the vertebral artery. it passes through the transverse foramen of C6 - C1

describe the skull joints

they are different from arm and leg joints because they are meant for moving. the skull joints are fibrous, woven, and tight fitting, which does not allow for movement

how do the fibers of the intercostals run?

they are perpendicular to eachother

what are the intertransversarii muscles?

they are short muscles that span the transverse processes found in the lumbar and cervical regions

what is the function of the external oblique?

unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to same side rotate vertebral column to opposite side bilaterally: flex the vertebral column and compress abdominal contents

when do you use your SCM?

Shaking your head "no" (opposite side rotation) Shaking your head "yes" (bilateral flexion) Stabilizing the head while riding a roller coaster Cocking your head to hear what someone is saying

when do you use your abdominals?

a sit-up (flexion) belly dancing sitting up in bed and reaching to turn off your alarm coughing, vomiting

what causes a hiccup?

an involuntary contraction of the diaphragm will cause air to rush into the lungs and the vocal cords will snap shut

what are the three scalenes named?

anterior middle posterior

what happens if the scalenes are too tight?

because the brachial plexus runs through, if the scalenes are too tight it will become compressed and cause nerve problems

when do you use your masseter?

chewing speaking swallowing

what artery is the primary blood supply to the head and neck?

common carotid artery; there is one on the left and one on the right

what is the function of the transverse abdominis?

compress abdominal contents

what is the function of the serratus posterior inferior?

depress the ribs during expiration

what is the function of the masseter?

elevate the mandible and assist mandibular protraction

what is the function of the serratus posterior superior?

elevate the ribs during inspiration

what does the temporalis muscle do?

elevates and retracts mandible

what is the function of the interspinalis muscles?

extend the vertebral column

what movement do many posterior muscles perform?

extension of the vertebral column

what is the function of the rectus abdominis

flex the vertebral column and tilt pelvis posteriorly

what are the interspinalis muscles?

found in the lumbar and cervical regions; they connect the spinous processes

What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration?

it contracts and draws down the central tendon; it acts like a vacuum for air; the diaphragm relaxes when exhaling

where are features of the middle scalene?

it is slightly larger and is lateral to the anterior scalene

what are the features of the posterior scalene?

it is small and located between the middle scalene and levator scapula

passive rotation of the vertebral column to the same side would (shorten or lengthen) the external oblique.

lengthen

what are the primary muscles of mastication?

masseter, temporalis, pterygoids

identify bones of the skull

occipital parietal temporal frontal sphenoid ethmoid lacrimal nasal zygomatic maxilla mandible

Drawing the ventral part of the ribs upward would ____ the external intercostals.

shorten

Passive flexion of the head and neck would _____ the anterior scalene.

shorten

Passive lateral flexion of the head and neck would _____ the SCM and scalenes.

shorten

Passive rotation of the head and neck to the opposite side would _____ the scalenes.

shorten

Passive rotation of the head and neck to the same side would ________ the SCM.

shorten

increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity would (shorten or lengthen) the diaphragm's fibers?

shorten

when do you use your intercostals and diaphragam?

singing blowing up a balloon deep breathing during a triathalon

describe the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid

sternal head is thin clavicular head is flat

when do you use your scalene muscles?

taking a deep breath into the upper chest tipping your head to the side to get water out of your ear stabilizing your head when reading laying down

the anterior scalene is partially tucked below what muscle?

the SCM

what are the three scalene muscles sandwiched between?

the SCM and anterior flap of the trapezius

what is the primary muscle of respiration?

the diaphragam

the quadratus lumborum is deep to what muscle group?

the erector spinae group

you are palpating lateral to the edge of the rectus abdominis, and the fibers you feel are superficial and running at an angle. What muscle are you feeling?

the external oblique

which oblique muscle runs down in a diagonal pattern?

the external obliques

what nerve controls sensation of the face?

the facial nerve

what oblique muscle runs upward in a diagonal pattern?

the internal obliques

what edge of the quadratus lumborum is accessible from the side of the torso?

the lateral edge

Where is the sternocleidomastoid?

the lateral/anterior neck and attaches to the mastoid from the manubrium and clavicle

which muscle is the strongest in the body relative to its size?

the masseter

what scalene is it difficult to distinguish from surrounding muscle bellies?

the posterior scalene

what muscle is absent in 20% of the population?

the pyramidalis muscle

what tissue structure covers the abdominal muscles?

the rectus sheath

what muscles or structures are the serratus posterior superior and inferior deep to?

the scapula, rhomboids, and thoracolumbar aponeurosis

where is the temporalis muscle?

the temporal aspect of the cranium

what are the intercostals?

they are the small slender muscles between the ribs

what is the function of the internal intercostals?

they assist with exhalation and stabilize the rib cage

what is the function of the external intercostals?

they assist with inhalation

what 3 bony landmarks can help you isolate the borders of the quadraus lumborum?

twelth rib, posterior illiac crest, and the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae

what is the function of the scalenes?

unilaterally: laterally flex head and neck to same side with ribs fixed and rotate the head and neck to opposite side bilaterally: elevate ribs during inhalation and flex the head and neck

what is the function of the intertransversarii muscles?

unilaterally: laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side bilaterally: extend the vertebral column

what is the function of the internal oblique?

unilaterally: laterally flex vertebral column to same side and rotate vertebral column to the same side bilaterally: flex the vertebral column and compress abdominal contents

what is the function of the quadratus lumborum?

unilaterally: tilt (elevate) the pelvis laterally flex the vertebral column to same side assist with extending the vertebral column bilaterally: fix the last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation