Health 231 Chapter 1 Questions TAMU

An appraisal of the relationship between an object, action, or idea and some attribute related to it as a(n) a. belief b. motivation c. analysis d. attitude

belief

Not allowing yourself to think about stage fright and focusing only on the content of your speech when preparing for a presentation is an example of a. a situational reinforcer b. positive reinforcement c. countering d. blocking and stopping

blocking and stopping

One of the most important goals of Healthy People 2020 is to a. increase funding for research on certain diseases such as cancer and diabetes b. eliminate health disparities and improve the health of all population groups c. increase the number of public health departments in every state d. reduce health care costs for all Americans

eliminate health disparities and improve the health of all population groups

The thought, "I don't have enough time!" is an example of a. punishment b. self-talk c. shaping d. enabling

self-talk

Based on a recent cholesterol screening, Marlon decided that he has to stop eating so much fast food and get more exercise. Between work and school, his free time is limited, but he is determined to lower his cholesterol level and improve his overall health. The best way for Marlon to stay motivated to improve his diet and work out regularly is to a. set reasonable short- and long-term goals and reward himself for meeting them b. depend on his friends to keep him away from his favorite fast-food restaurants c. make weekly resolutions for how many times to work out and chastise himself if he hasn't accomplished his planned goal d. set an ambitious goal and chart daily and weekly progress using online tools

set reasonable short- and long-term goals and reward himself for meeting them

Brenda is going on a ski trip over spring break and has 12 weeks to get in shape. She purchased an elliptical trainer and started working out on it for 10 minutes each day. Each week, she will increase her workout by 10 minutes until she can exercise for one hour. If she finds that is too rigorous, she will only add 5 minutes to her workout each week. Which of the following behavior-change techniques is Brenda using to get in shape for her trip? a. visualization b. self-talk c. modeling d. shaping

shaping

The process of taking small individual steps toward a behavior change goal is a. action b. shaping c. journaling d. preparation

shaping

Changing your seat in class to one closer to the front to help change your habit of napping during the lecture is an example of a. social reinforcement b. situational inducement c. an activity reinforcer d. negative reinforcement

situational inducement

Jill has many friends, is respected by her coworkers, and maintains a great relationship with her boyfriend. Her ability to interact with others is an example of which dimension of health? a. intellectual b. emotional c. social d. physical

social

The change model based on three factors (social environment, thoughts and feelings, and behaviors) in interaction with each other is known as the a. transtheoretical model b. health belief model c. behavior modification model d. social cognitive model

social cognitive model

Which of the following were cited by college students in a national survey as major impediments to performing well academically? a. substance abuse b. carrying too-heavy course load c. stress, anxiety, and sleep difficulties d. repeated strep infections

stress, anxiety, and sleep difficulties

The contemporary definition of wellness is a. the achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions b. the ability to move about freely without pain c. the absence of ongoing symptoms or chronic disease d. living longer than one's parents

the achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions

Having unprotected sex is considered a a. risk behavior b. medical treatment c. health promotion d. health disparities

risk behavior

Missy is motivated to lose weight. She has begun taking a 30-minute walk every morning, has worked with a nutrition counselor to design a new diet, and on Monday will begin following new eating plan. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Missy is in a stage of a. maintenance b. action c. precontemplation d. contemplation

action

Which of the following statements about mindfulness is true? a. research linking mindfulness to improved health is inconclusive b. the practice of mindfulness emerged in the US in the 1970s c. an essential component of mindfulness is awareness of oneself and one's environment d. mindfulness is a religious practice in which the individual contemplates the divine

an essential component of mindfulness is awareness of oneself and one's environment

Jason is frustrated because he has three projects due at the same time next week and he doesn't believe it's possible to get all three finished. His solution is to forget about the projects and meet up with friends for a night out. Jason has a. an external locus of control b. an internal locus of control c. self-efficacy d. self-confidence

an external locus of control

Effective health promotion programs a. don't attempt to change individual attitudes about health b. focus on encouraging behaviors known to support good health c. focus on improving selected negative behaviors d. have the most measurable results when implemented in schools

focus on encouraging behaviors known to support good health

Spiritual health can best be described as a. having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life b. not as important as other factors to overall wellness c. holding to religious beliefs learned in childhood d. establishing and maintaining fulfilling relationships

having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life

The ever-changing process of achieving individual potential in the physical, social, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, and environmental dimensions is the definition of a. fitness b. health c. satisfaction d. recovery

health

Difference in cancer mortality among specific populations are an example of a. medical malpractice b. health disparities c. biological determinants d. risk behaviors

health disparities

The science of epigentics studies a. patterns of inheritance b. the structure of our genes c. how behavioral choices influence our cells' ability to use genes d. how genes influence an individual's behavioral choices

how behavioral choices influence our cells' ability to use genes

Studies associate mindfulness with a. increased blood pressure b. social isolation c. increased religious belief d. improvements in memory

improvements in memory

Health promotion a. refers to fundraising campaigns for health-related organizations b. includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health c. involves social justice efforts aimed at achieving health care for all Americans d. focuses on curing the most prevalent diseases

includes policies, programs, and financial support for initiatives that promote health

Determinants of health are a range of factors in a person's life that a. influence his or her genes b. influence his or her health status c. predispose him or her to a particular set of diseases d. influence his or her response to medical treatment

influence his or her health status

The six dimensions of health a. affect health independently of each other b. seldom influence one another c. affect either the mind or the body d. interact continuously

interact continuously

Manuela joined a group exercise class. Her instructor, who was formerly inactive and overweight, participates with the class and also shares personal fitness strategies. In class, Manuela tries to emulate her instructor's moves, and she has also become more physically active as part of her daily routine. Which technique is Manuela using to reach her goal of becoming more fit? a. shaping b. reinforcement c. visualization d. modeling

modeling

Observing a friend's successful attempt to quit smoking and trying some of the same tactics to quit yourself is an example of a. modeling b. conforming c. shaping d. envy

modeling

A sedentary lifestyle, overuse of caffeine, and risky sexual practices are examples of a. voluntary determinants of health b. modifiable determinants of health c. involuntary determinants of health d. nonmodifiable determinants of health

modifiable determinants of health

A person's bone structure is an example of a(n) a. environmental influence b. behavioral choice c. epigenetic factor d. nonmodifiable determinant

nonmodifiable determinant

The dimension of physical health encompasses the ability to a. perform activities of daily living b. reason objectively c. analyze information d. protect yourself from hazards in your environment

perform activities of daily living

Gavin downloads a new workout song every time he completes his week's exercise goal. This action is an example of a. shaping b. an intrinsic reward c. positive reinforcement d. countering

positive reinforcement

To successfully change a behavior, a person must recognize that change is a(n) a. process that occurs in stages b. stressful situation c. isolated event d. chance to wipe out past mistakes

process that occurs in stages

The science that views negative health events as resulting from individuals' interactions with their physical or social environment is a. medicine b. immunology c. public health d. disease prevention

public health

Jim was successful at meeting his exercise goal and rewarded himself by taking a three-day vacation at a golf resort. This is an example of a a. reinforcing behavior b. negative behavior c. manipulative behavior d. covert behavior

reinforcing behavior

People with an internal locus of control believe that events turn out as they do based on a. their own actions b. environmental factors c. previous disappointments d. fate and luck

their own actions

Which behavior change model involved six distinct stages and is also known as the stages of change model? a. social cognitive model b. transtheoretical model c. health belief model d. shaping model

transtheoretical model

Which of the following contributed to increased life expectancy in the early twentieth century? a. advances in genetic testing b. vaccinations and antibiotics c. advances in heart and brain surgery d. more doctors in metropolitan areas

vaccinations and antibiotics

Which of the following is an essential prerequisite for changing a behavior? a. asking friends for advice b. wanting to change c. deciding on several rewards for making the change d. changing environmental obstacles

wanting to change

The positive aspects of a person's life, such being satisfied with life in general and having positive emotions, determines one's sense of a. progress b. health c. well-being d. change

well-being

The achievement of the highest level of health possible in each of several dimensions is a. wellness b. recovery c. fitness d. motivation

wellness

Major public health achievements of the twentieth century include a. mental health counseling b. pharmaceutical products c. workplace safety d. lower birth rates

workplace safety

Major public health achievements of the twentieth century include a. pharmaceutical products b. lower birth rates c. workplace safety d. mental health counseling

workplace safety