Health 231 chapter 4

Students who begin to doze off during a lecture are usually in which stage of sleep?

1

How much sleep do newborns need daily?

16 to 18 hours.

Which of the following is TRUE about the effect of exercise on your quality of sleep?

Exercising strenuously in the morning or afternoon boosts sleep quality.

Of the following countries, in which do citizens, on average, get the most sleep?

Mexico

Sleepwalking sometimes occurs during

NREM stage 4.

Which of the following statements about caffeine is true?

The sleep-impairing effects of caffeine can last for 7.7 hours or more.

What percentage of the world's population lacks adequate sleep?

about 45 percent

Using electronic devices before bed may disrupt sleep patterns for all of the following reasons EXCEPT the

beeping sounds they sometimes produce.

During non-REM sleep

body temperature and energy use drop

After working on a class project all week and only sleeping about four hours per night, Courtney is

compromising her immunity.

How does sleep deprivation affect drivers?

impairs motor skills

The most common sleep disorder is

insomnia

Maria has difficulty falling asleep quickly, and many morning she wakes feeling unrefreshed. Maria most likely has

insomnia.

The condition that causes people to fall asleep involuntarily during the day is

narcolepsy

The restful, restorative period of sleep is

non-REM sleep

During a sleep study, a person spends the night in a sleep lab, and his or her body functions are monitored by

sensors and electrodes.

All of the following medications can cause drowsiness EXCEPT

stimulants

Which of the following actions helps maintain a sleep-promoting environment?

Cleanliness: Wash your sheets and other bedding regularly, and get rid of clutter.

André has a job in international affairs that requires him to travel frequently across multiple time zones. André is at increased risk for

circadian rhythm disorder.

The disruption of which factor results in jet lag?

circadian rhythym

During stage 4, a sleeping person's pituitary gland releases which of the following hormones?

growth hormone

The hormone released by the pineal gland that causes drowsiness is

melatonin.

The sleep disorder in which a person experiences unpleasant sensations in the legs and an uncontrollable urge to move to relieve the sensations is

restless legs syndrome.

Sean becomes very sleepy by late afternoon most days and thinks he should make time to fit in a nap. Before including a daily nap in his schedule, he should consider which of the following to ensure that he actually benefits from it?

the time of day and length of the nap

Which of the following groups of Americans is most likely to unintentionally fall asleep during the day?

those between the ages of 18 and 25

Howard is 88 years old and in excellent health. All his life, he has thrived on just 5 hours of sleep a night. The most likely explanation for Howard's good health despite his lifelong short sleep habit is that he

has a genetic variant affecting his circadian rhythm.

Obstructive sleep apnea increases a person's risk for all of the following EXCEPT

asthma

Sleep disorders can be diagnosed through a(n)

clinical sleep study

When Marlon gets adequate sleep the night before his intramural basketball games, he has more energy and can run faster and perform better. This can be attributed to

conservation of body energy during sleep.

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine identifies more than 80 distinct types of

dyssomnia.

Which of the following is a major contributor to college students' lack of sleep?

electronic devices

Carol believes that she sleeps reasonably well at night, yet she feels chronically sluggish and frequently nods off during classes. Carol is most likely experiencing

excessive daytime sleepiness.

Adequate sleep may enhance intellectual health in all the following ways EXCEPT by

expending energy.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) commonly results in

frequent night waking.

Which of the following factors influences a person's sleep needs?

gender

One factor contributing to narcolepsy appears to be

genetic

According to research, immune function is increased in adolescents who

get more than 9 hours of sleep a night.

All of the following negatively affect the quality of sleep EXCEPT

getting lots of exercise during the day.

Vijay often tosses and turns, unable to sleep for an hour or more after he goes to bed. Which of the following will help change this pattern and allow him to fall asleep faster?

getting up after 20 minutes and doing something relaxing until he feels sleepy

Bedwetting, snoring, sleepwalking, and sleep-related eating disorder are all examples of

parasomnias.

The sleep disorder in which breathing is interrupted many times during sleep is

sleep apnea.

The difference between hours of sleep needed and actual hours slept is

sleep debt

When you feel groggy and disoriented after a long nap, you are experiencing

sleep inertia

Non-REM sleep is called slow-wave sleep because

the brain generates theta and delta waves.

Insomnia is often characterized by

waking up frequently during the night.

According to a major U.S. consensus statement, most adults should get how many hours of sleep per night for optimal health?

7 or more