health and nutrition chapter 4 test

the ______ is important for transporting absorbed nutrients from the GI tract to the liver

hepatic portal vein

Yolanda is eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich and begun chewing the sticky sandwich. Once the bite if sandwich has been chewed, moistened, and mixed with saliva, it is called

a bolus

which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach

gastric juice

which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion

pancreas

the ________ cells of the gastric glands synthesizes and release intrinsic factor, which is necessary for vitamin B12 absorption

parietal

the _______ sphincter is located between the stomach and small intestine

pyloric

composting is a technique whereby food waste is combined with tree trimmings, wood chips, leaves, and a source of bacteria, such as animal manure. This mixture is stored in a special container and allowed to mature before being returned to the soil.

true

most enzymes have names that end with ase

true

the _______ is a flap-like piece of tissue responsible for keeping a swallowed piece of food entering the trachea

epiglottis

fructose is primarily absorbed form the small intestine via

facilitated diffusion

live microorganisms that help control the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the large intestine are known as prebiotics

false

the _______ is the third segment of the small intestine

ileum

after being absorbed, most lipids undergo special processing before they enter

lacteals within the villi

the lining of the small intestine is covered with _______, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food

villi

which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion in the GI tract

chewing food up into smaller pieces in the mouth

the condition in which a person cannot detect any odors is called

anosmia

the ileocecal sphincter is located between the ileum and

ascending colon

which of the following foods has the most acidic pH

lemon juice

this is NOT a component of bile

bicarbonate

chyme moves from the stomach into the

duodenum

approximately _______ of individuals experiencing symptoms from COVID-19 report that they cannot smell and/or taste food

40%

peristalsis is a voluntary response

false

salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a small amount of ______ to be digested in the mouth

fat

a primary function of the digestive system is the

breakdown of food into nutrients

which digestive hormone is most important for digestion of fat as it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder into the small intestine

cholecystokinin

which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach

bile

the _______ cells of the gastric glands are important for the section of pepsinogen, which is converted to pepsin and necessary for protein digestion

chief

the enzyme _______ breaks the disaccharide maltose into its two molecules of glucose

maltase

the process of digesting food begins in the

mouth

the innermost layer of the wall of the GI tract is the

mucosa

chyme is the

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

which cells of the large intestine secrete mucus

goblet cells