health exam 2 quizlet

A driver is "usually impaired" at a blood alcohol concentration of

0.05 to 0.07 percent.

Earth's average temperature has risen by how much in the past 100 years?

1.5°F

Climate scientists project that Earth's average temperature could rise by a maximum of how much in the next 100 years?

11.5°F

One standard drink equals

12 ounces of beer or 1.5 ounces of 80 proof liquor.

How many Americans suffer from health disorders caused by tobacco?

16 million

An average adult has

25 to 35 billion fat cells.

Which of the following people would be most likely to notice the effects of an age-related decline in metabolic rate?

30-year-old computer programmer

Binge drinking is defined for the typical adult as

4 or more drinks for females or 5 or more drinks for males in about two hours.

Approximately what percentage of Americans consume alcoholic beverages regularly?

50 percent

What is the percentage of alcohol in 100 proof whiskey?

50 percent

What percentage of fruits and vegetables is water?

80 to 95 percent

According to experts, up to what percentage of trash is recyclable?

90

Which of the following statements about dietary supplements is true?

A majority of Americans takes at least one dietary supplement

What is the difference between a portion and a serving?

A serving is the recommended amount to be consumed, and a portion is the amount you choose to eat

Which of the following is TRUE about steroids?

Adverse effects include mood swings, elevated cholesterol levels, acne, and hypertension

The body's core muscles are the muscles of the

Back, abdomen, and hips

An NIAAA approach to reducing alcohol consumption on campus is

Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students.

How can you eat well and save money when living as a student on a tight budget?

Buy and eat fruit and vegetables when they are in season

Which of the following is TRUE about calories?

Calories are a unit of measure of the energy obtained from food.

Which of the following is TRUE with respect to genetics and obesity?

Certain genes might influence obesity by altering regulation of a hormone called ghrelin.

Which of the following is an FDA-approved prescription weight loss drug?

Contrave

Which of the following statements about college drinking is TRUE?

Female college students' alcohol consumption is close to that of male college students.

Which of the following statements about food waste is TRUE?

Food waste is the largest source of U.S. municipal solid waste.

High blood levels of this type of cholesterol appear to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, or cholesterol-clogged arteries.

HDL

Which of the following statements about acid deposition is TRUE?

It causes lakes and ponds to turn a crystal-clear deep blue.

What effect does carbon monoxide have on the body?

It diminishes the oxygen-carrying capacity of the red blood cells.

Which statement about heat exhaustion is TRUE?

It is a mild form of shock.

Which of the following is TRUE about target heart rate?

It is a percentage of your maximum heart rate.

Which of the following is FALSE about hypothermia?

It is caused by prolonged exposure to temperatures below 32 degrees Fahrenheit.

Which of the following BEST describes appetite?

It is more psychological than physiological.

Which of the following is NOT true about PCP?

It is still used for surgery in some states.

Regular aerobic exercise can reduce which type of cholesterol, known as "bad cholesterol"?

LDLs

Which of the following would NOT be good advice for someone who is purchasing running shoes?

Make sure there is no extra room in the toe box.

Which of the following is TRUE about gambling addictions?

Most compulsive gamblers seek a high from the excitement even more than from money.

Which of the following is TRUE of drinking and driving?

Over the last 20 years, the percentage of intoxicated drivers involved in fatal crashes has decreased.

Chemicals used to kill insects, rodents, weeds, and certain microorganisms are called

Pesticides

Which form of exercise helps develop core strength by combining stretching with movement against resistance, often involving the use of devices such as tension springs or heavy rubber bands?

Pilates

Liposuction is used to

Spot reduce or contour body shape

Smog is MOST likely to form in areas that experience

Temperature inversion

Which of the following is TRUE about Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)?

They are the reference standard for intake levels necessary to meet the needs of most healthy individuals

Psychoactive drugs have which type of effect on the body?

They enhance, suppress, or interfere with the actions of neurotransmitters.

Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

Tobacco is known to cause about 20 diseases.

All of the following statements about the effects of chronic marijuana use are true EXCEPT:

Vaping marijuana is associated with fewer adverse effects on the lungs than smoking marijuana.

Fossil fuels are

a significant source of carbon emissions.

The average person in the United States generates how many pounds of municipal solid waste each day?

about 4.5

The toxic chemical byproduct of alcohol metabolism that causes nausea and vomiting is called

acetaldehyde.

Middle-age weight gain is attributed to all of the following factors EXCEPT

age-related appetite increase.

A measure of how clean or polluted the air in a given region is on a particular day is the

air quality index

Jeff has been drinking a lot over the past few months, including frequent binges. His friends are concerned that this behavior puts him at risk for a condition that involves a potentially lethal blood alcohol concentration. Which condition is this?

alcohol poisoning

Molecules that are the building blocks of protein are

amino acids.

The interaction of two or more drugs at the same receptor site in which one blocks the action of the other is

antagonism.

Which substances protect against oxidative stress and the resultant cell damage?

antioxidants

Smokeless tobacco users

are significantly more likely to develop oral cancers than nonusers.

Silvio wants to eat a healthy lunch in the college dining hall. Which of the following choices is the BEST thing he can order?

baked potato with salsa

The minimum amount of energy the body uses to maintain vital functions is known as the

basal metabolic rate.

All of the following are ways to measure the intensity of cardiovascular exercise EXCEPT

blood gas analysis.

The most popular form of LSD is

blotter acid that is swallowed or chewed.

Which of the following is NOT a major health-related component of physical fitness?

body image

A measurement based on the relationship between a person's height and weight that is highly correlated to the amount of body fat is the

body mass index

A standard rum and cola will be absorbed faster than a 5-ounce glass of wine because

carbonation causes the pyloric valve to relax.

The water that is pulled out of the body when someone drinks heavily is taken from

cerebrospinal fluid.

Which of the following countries has the largest population?

china

The action of nicotine on the cilia of upper respiratory passages prevents them from

cleaning out foreign matter.

All of the following are examples of resources that reduce carbon emissions EXCEPT

coal

Foods consumed to meet emotional needs or reduce emotional insecurities are called

comfort foods.

The relative proportions and distribution of fat and lean tissue throughout the body is its

composition

Marta collects kitchen scraps and yard clippings in a bin outside of her home to use in her garden. She is

composting

Which of the following is an example of a process addiction?

compulsive gambling

Reputable certifications for fitness professionals require

continuing education to maintain the certification.

Over-the-counter drugs commonly abused by teens and young adults include

cough and cold medicines and diet and sleep aids.

Which of the following would assess muscular endurance?

counting number of repeated sit-ups

Drinking games result in the consumption of large quantities of alcohol in a short period of time and have been associated with

death from alcohol poisoning

Jason doesn't see that his addiction to heroin is self-destructive. He is experiencing

denial.

The process of freeing the body from an addictive substance is known as

detoxification.

One problem with the BMI measurement is that it

does not account for varying levels of muscle mass.

When drugs activate the brain's pleasure circuit, what neurotransmitter is involved?

dopamine

Which environmental factor encourages us to increase our food consumption?

easy access to high-calorie foods in stores and restaurants

One of the keys to eating well in college is to

eat a complete breakfast

In working to improve your eating habits, one important step to take is to

eat more slowly and stop when you begin to feel full.

A disease associated with smoking in which alveoli are destroyed is known as

emphysema.

Keith is having a complete fitness evaluation done at a health center. One of the measurements being taken is how much energy he expends while jogging on a treadmill, which is his

exercise metabolic rate.

The average number of births a female in a given population has during her reproductive years is the

fertility rate

Which is NOT a good source of folate?

fish

The chief function of this mineral in the body is to make teeth resistant to decay and bones resistant to mineral loss.

fluoride

You have been looking at numerous newly built homes. The headaches and fatigue you are attributing to the stress of buying a new house may actually be due to exposure to

formaldehyde.

What are the components of the FITT principle that apply to all types of exercise?

frequency, intensity, time, and type

Except for physical education classes in elementary and high school, Jayleen has been sedentary all her life. Motivated by her mother's recent diagnosis of high blood pressure, Jayleen, now a junior in college, wants to improve her physical fitness. Her first step should be to

get her primary healthcare provider's clearance for exercise.

Gases that accumulate in the atmosphere and contribute to global warming by trapping heat near Earth's surface are

greenhouse gases.

A 26-year-old male would be considered obese if he

has a body mass index of 30 or higher.

Multivitamin-mineral supplements are generally NOT recommended for which of the following groups of people?

healthy individuals wanting to boost their energy levels

Regular aerobic exercise improves the

heart, lungs, and blood vessels.

The least serious form of heat-related illness is

heat cramps

After warming up, Ling alternates two minutes of moderate jogging with one minute of running as fast as she can, five times. She then cools down. The type of fitness routine Ling is engaging in is known as

high-intensity interval training.

The process that occurs when fat cells swell and enlarge is

hypertrophy.

The ozone layer is

in the stratosphere and protects the planet from UVB radiation.

Countries with the largest per capita "ecological footprint"

include the United States

To help him fight his addiction to alcohol, Andy's physician has prescribed a drug that will make him feel intensely uncomfortable if he drinks alcohol. This type of response is called

intolerance.

The release of particles and electromagnetic rays from atomic nuclei during the normal process of disintegration produces

ionizing radiation.

Gastric bypass

is a restrictive and malabsorption surgery.

Mescaline

is derived from a cactus.

What percentage of adult Americans engage in aerobic physical activity that meets the national guidelines?

just over 50 percent

The human body does not excrete polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) but instead stores them in the

liver

The effects of fetal alcohol syndrome include

mental retardation

All the following are good sources of complex carbohydrates EXCEPT

milk

An individual whose BMI is 42 would be classified as

morbidly obese.

When trying to ensure clean air in your home, sources of pollution to look for include all of the following EXCEPT

nitroglycerine.

The science that studies food and nourishment, including food composition and the physiological effects of food on the body, is

nutrition

In strength training, which of the following represents the amount of weight or resistance that can be moved only once?

one repetition maximum (1 RM)

The principle of fitness training that holds that the body should be gradually required to do more than it is used to doing is

overload.

Walking to class or up a flight of stairs would be examples of

physical activity.

If you can perform regular moderate to vigorous levels of physical activity without excessive fatigue, you are considered to be

physically fit

Tomi cooked a vegetarian stir-fry for dinner. He included slices of shallots, red pepper, carrots, spinach, and brown rice. This meal is rich in

phytochemicals

The two general types of water pollution are described as

point source and nonpoint source.

Cap and trade policies

provide incentives to industrial polluters to limit their carbon emissions.

Most experts agree that a key step in slowing climate change is to

reduce consumption of fossil fuels.

The measure of energy expended while a person is engaged in sedentary activities, such as sitting on a sofa or digesting food, is the

resting metabolic rate.

Allen has just eaten a large meal and pushes his plate away, unable to eat any more. He is experiencing

satiety.

General pain that occurs below the knee and above the ankle is called

shin splints.

Carbohydrates are used by the body primarily for

short-term energy.

When a clinician measures a person's body fat by pinching folds of skin at various locations on the body, the process being used is the

skinfold method.

Eating food when drinking alcohol

slows alcohol absorption

The mineral necessary for the regulation of blood and body fluids is

sodium

Which exercise technique involves working to slowly and gradually lengthen a muscle or group of muscles?

static stretching

Which form of exercise involves techniques that slowly and gradually lengthen a muscle or group of muscles and the associated tendons?

static stretching

A colorless gas that dissolves in water vapor to form acid and is emitted from coal-fired power plants is

sulfur dioxide.

To lose weight and reduce her risk for high blood pressure, Ingrid has been following an eating plan that has been rated the number-one best overall diet. It emphasizes intake of fruits and vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and low-fat dairy. Ingrid is most likely following

the DASH Diet.

Factors affecting alcohol absorption include all of the following EXCEPT

the time of day the alcohol is consumed.

Minerals that the body needs in very small amounts are

trace minerals

Using a nicotine patch for smoking cessation is an example of which route of administration?

transdermal

Benefits of weight-loss surgery include the potential to reverse

type 2 diabetes.

A person who avoids all foods and food products of animal origin, including dairy and eggs, is a

vegan

The MyPlate graphic encourages Americans to make which of the following food groups the largest portion of their plate at each meal?

vegetables

Cassie is morbidly obese, and is now following a medically supervised diet on which she consumes 500 calories a day in the form of a powdered supplement. What kind of diet is Cassie following?

very-low-calorie diet

Potent and essential organic compounds that promote growth and help to maintain life and health are

vitamins

Which of the following components of an exercise session prepares the body physically and mentally?

warm-up

Which of the following nutrients is the major component of blood?

water

Symptoms of nicotine withdrawal include all of the following EXCEPT

weakness in the limbs.

One reason that the effects of alcohol are different for women and men is that

women have less water in their tissues than men.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of alcohol poisoning?

yellowish tint to the skin

River has been on and off four different diets in the past year, losing and then regaining weight. She now weighs more than she did when she began dieting a year ago. River is engaging in

yo-yo dieting.