health psych midterm 2019

Relapse is more likely when an individual experiences negative affect. has socially appropriate behaviors. is over performing at work. is unaware of treatment programs

* experiences negative affect.* has socially appropriate behaviors. is over performing at work. is unaware of treatment programs

________ is a feeling of loss of control that results when a person has violated self-imposed rules. Abstinence violation effect Window of vulnerability Social anxiety Relapse

*Abstinence violation effect* Window of vulnerability Social anxiety Relapse

Which of the following suggests that chronic illnesses helped in propagating the field of health psychology? Chronic illnesses often result in problems in family functioning. Chronic illnesses usually have no requirement for lengthy interventions. Psychological factors are the sole causes implicated in chronic illnesses. Chronic illnesses are short-lived, and its management is sim

*Chronic illnesses often result in problems in family functioning.* Chronic illnesses usually have no requirement for lengthy interventions. Psychological factors are the sole causes implicated in chronic illnesses. Chronic illnesses are short-lived, and its management is sim

Which of the following is a characteristic of an acute disorder? It often develops because of a virus or bacteria. It can only be managed, not cured. It is currently the main contributor to disability and death. It is usually a long-term illness.

*It often develops because of a virus or bacteria.* It can only be managed, not cured. It is currently the main contributor to disability and death. It is usually a long-term illness.

________ release cytokines that lead to inflammation and fever and promote wound healing. Macrophages Neutrophils Megakaryocytes Lymphoblasts

*Macrophages* Neutrophils Megakaryocytes Lymphoblasts

________ is an open sore in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum. Peptic ulcer Hepatitis Appendicitis Gastroenteritis

*Peptic ulcer* Hepatitis Appendicitis Gastroenteritis

________ messages are more persuasive for encouraging health behaviors with certain outcomes. Positive Prevention Promotion-oriented Negative

*Positive* Prevention Promotion-oriented Negative

The ________ Theory examines how people appraise health threats and how they appraise their abilities to manage threats. Protection Motivation Implementation Intention Self-Determination Planned Behavior

*Protection Motivation* Implementation Intention Self-Determination Planned Behavior

Each of the four humors has been associated with different personality types, in that blood has been associated with... a passionate temperament. an angry disposition. a laid-back approach to life. sadness.

*a passionate temperament.* an angry disposition. a laid-back approach to life. sadness.

Positive self punishment involves administering an unpleasant stimulus to punish an undesirable behavior. withdrawing a positive reinforcement in the environment each time an undesirable behavior is performed. removing an aversive factor in the environment after successful modification of a target behavior. rewarding oneself with something desirable after successful modification of a behavior.

*administering an unpleasant stimulus to punish an undesirable behavior.* withdrawing a positive reinforcement in the environment each time an undesirable behavior is performed. removing an aversive factor in the environment after successful modification of a target behavior. rewarding oneself with something desirable after successful modification of a behavior.

The ________ glands are small glands located on top of each of the kidneys. adrenal pineal pituitary thyroid

*adrenal* pineal pituitary thyroid

Which of the following is made available to people with hypertension so that they can monitor their blood pressure successfully? ambulatory monitoring device IAP monitoring device implanted neural device ventricular assist device

*ambulatory monitoring device* IAP monitoring device implanted neural device ventricular assist device

According to the humoral theory of illness, yellow bile is known to be associated with an angry disposition. a laid-back approach to life. sadness. a passionate temperament.

*an angry disposition.* a laid-back approach to life. sadness. a passionate temperament.

The use of Antabuse in the treatment of alcoholism involves having the client sip his or her favorite drink while ingesting Antabuse. After several pairings, alcohol becomes associated with the Antabuse and elicits a(n) conditioned response. conditioned stimulus. unconditioned response. unconditioned stimulus.

*conditioned response.* conditioned stimulus. unconditioned response. unconditioned stimulus.

Which of the following is a technique used in relaxation training? deep breathing hypnosis debriefing self-talk

*deep breathing* hypnosis debriefing self-talk

Much research in health psychology is experimental. meta-analytic. semi-experimental. descriptive.

*experimental.* meta-analytic. semi-experimental. descriptive.

The belief that profiles of particular disorders are caused by emotional conflicts is propagated by the field of psychosomatic medicine. theory of biophysics. biomedical model. tools of neuroscience.

*field of psychosomatic medicine.* theory of biophysics. biomedical model. tools of neuroscience.

People who are identified as intelligent in childhood have good health-related biological profiles in adulthood. will be very knowledgeable in adulthood, but less healthy. are highly likely to take calculated health risks in adulthood. may develop cognitive distortions in adulthood.

*have good health-related biological profiles in adulthood.* will be very knowledgeable in adulthood, but less healthy. are highly likely to take calculated health risks in adulthood. may develop cognitive distortions in adulthood.

The ________ measures the degree to which people perceive their health to be under their personal control, control by the health practitioner, or chance. health locus of control scale window of vulnerability scale health belief model abstinence violation effect

*health locus of control scale* window of vulnerability scale health belief model abstinence violation effect

A critical function of the pancreas is the production of insulin. leptin. pepsin. oxytocin.

*insulin.* leptin. pepsin. oxytocin.

A localized infection... is confined to a particular site in the human body and does not spread. is confined to a particular area and sends toxins to other parts of the body. affects several different areas or body systems. rarely affects the human body.

*is confined to a particular site in the human body and does not spread.* is confined to a particular area and sends toxins to other parts of the body. affects several different areas or body systems. rarely affects the human body.

A health habit is a health behavior that is often performed automatically, without awareness. is especially important for at-risk individuals to adopt. is not always beneficial to an individual's metabolism and immune system. is only performed under the supervision of health specialists.

*is often performed automatically, without awareness.* is especially important for at-risk individuals to adopt. is not always beneficial to an individual's metabolism and immune system. is only performed under the supervision of health specialists.

The somatic nervous system connects nerve fibers to voluntary muscles and provides the brain with feedback about voluntary movement. the blood vessels to the lymph nodes to help in the formation of lymphocytes. the central nervous system to all the internal organs that cannot be voluntarily controlled. the small intestine to the pancreas and ensures the regulation of enzymes in the pancreas.

*nerve fibers to voluntary muscles and provides the brain with feedback about voluntary movement.* the blood vessels to the lymph nodes to help in the formation of lymphocytes. the central nervous system to all the internal organs that cannot be voluntarily controlled. the small intestine to the pancreas and ensures the regulation of enzymes in the pancreas.

Educational appeals make the assumption that people are afraid that a particular habit is hurting their health and that they will change their behavior to reduce their fear. people will change their health habits if they have good information about their habits. people who are predisposed to depression are likely to react especially poorly to information about their risks. people from families with a familial disorder are likely to know that their personal risk is higher.

*people are afraid that a particular habit is hurting their health and that they will change their behavior to reduce their fear.* Correct people will change their health habits if they have good information about their habits . people who are predisposed to depression are likely to react especially poorly to information about their risks. people from families with a familial disorder are likely to know that their personal risk is higher.

The ________ approach is used to remedy some of the problems with correlational research. prospective meta-analytic cross-sectional retrospective

*prospective* meta-analytic cross-sectional retrospective

Self reinforcement involves systematically rewarding oneself to increase or decrease the occurrence of a target behavior. forming a contract with another person detailing what rewards or punishments are contingent on the performance of a behavior. home practice activities that support the goals of a therapeutic intervention. learning that occurs from witnessing another person perform a behavior.

*systematically rewarding oneself to increase or decrease the occurrence of a target behavior.* forming a contract with another person detailing what rewards or punishments are contingent on the performance of a behavior. home practice activities that support the goals of a therapeutic intervention. learning that occurs from witnessing another person perform a behavior.

Family physicians may be particularly effective agents in promoting health-related attitudes and behaviors because they are highly credible sources and their recommendations have the force of expertise behind them. they recommend one-to-one approaches that are inexpensive and the most efficient for changing health habits. individuals are more likely to follow a suggested treatment if they are paying for professional advice. individual behavior modification programs are unsuccessful compared to social engineering efforts.

*they are highly credible sources and their recommendations have the force of expertise behind them.* they recommend one-to-one approaches that are inexpensive and the most efficient for changing health habits. individuals are more likely to follow a suggested treatment if they are paying for professional advice. individual behavior modification programs are unsuccessful compared to social engineering efforts.

Classical conditioning is the pairing of a(n) ________ with a new stimulus to produce a conditioned reflex. unconditioned reflex conditioned response conditioned stimulus unconditioned response

*unconditioned reflex* conditioned response conditioned stimulus unconditioned response

A behavioral response is most resistant to extinction if it is maintained by a ________ reinforcement schedule. variable static continuous random

*variable* static continuous random

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2010, ________ million Americans had no health insurance. 54.6 26.7 15.3 49.9

54.6 26.7 15.3 *49.9*

_______ refers to the belief that one is capable of making a health behavior change. Actualizing Assertiveness Competence Framing

Actualizing Assertiveness *Competence* Framing

Behavioral interventions, particularly those that target risk factors such as diet or smoking, have contributed to the decline in the incidence of some diseases, especially Addison's disease. coronary heart disease. autoimmune thyroid disease. undifferentiated connective tissue disease.

Addison's disease. *coronary heart disease.* autoimmune thyroid disease. undifferentiated connective tissue disease.

________ occurs when a clot has developed in a coronary vessel and blocks the flow of blood to the heart. Angina pectoris Myocardial infarction Glioblastoma Ischemia

Angina pectoris *Myocardial infarction* Glioblastoma Ischemia

________ prevent the passage of microbes from one section of the body to another. Antimicrobial substances Inflammatory responses Phagocytoses Anatomical barriers

Antimicrobial substances Inflammatory responses Phagocytoses *Anatomical barriers*

________ fibers provide input to the brain and spinal cord by carrying signals from receptors.

Bast *Sensory nerve* Motor nerve Afferent

Which of the following is emphasized by the biopsychosocial model? Certain biological disorders can be related on a consistent basis to specific personality types. Health is achieved by being attentive to biological, psychological, and social needs. Psychological conflict is sufficient to produce certain disorders. Certain disorders are best treated medically; however, other disorders are best treated using psychotherapy.

Certain biological disorders can be related on a consistent basis to specific personality types. *Health is achieved by being attentive to biological, psychological, and social needs.* Psychological conflict is sufficient to produce certain disorders. Certain disorders are best treated medically; however, other disorders are best treated using psychotherapy.

Which of the following is a difference between community-based interventions and individually based interventions? Community-based interventions are restricted to a limited environment, whereas individual-based interventions reach more people. Community-based interventions are more influential among older adults, whereas individually based interventions are more successful among adolescents. Community-based interventions can bring about significant changes among participants, whereas individually based interventions bring about only modest changes. Community-based interventions can build on social support for reinforcing health changes, whereas individually based interventions focus only on the individual.

Community-based interventions are restricted to a limited environment, whereas individual-based interventions reach more people. Community-based interventions are more influential among older adults, whereas individually based interventions are more successful among adolescents. Community-based interventions can bring about significant changes among participants, whereas individually based interventions bring about only modest changes. *Community-based interventions can build on social support for reinforcing health changes, whereas individually based interventions focus only on the individual.*

________ involves restructuring the environment to avoid situations that evoke a target behavior Discriminative stimulus Cue elimination Modeling Preparation

Discriminative stimulus *Cue elimination* Modeling Preparation

________ cancer is known to be the most lethal form of cancer that affects women. Endometrial Ovarian Cervical Vaginal

Endometrial *Ovarian* Cervical Vaginal

________ cells secrete chemicals that kill invading organisms and infected cells. Eosinophil T B Mast

Eosinophil *T* B Mast

________, a malignant lymphoma, involves the progressive, chronic enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphatic tissue. Epilepsy Hodgkin's disease Parkinson's disease Meningitis

Epilepsy *Hodgkin's disease* Parkinson's disease Meningitis

________ is a medical intervention that goes through rigorous testing and evaluation of its benefits through randomized clinical trials. Ethno medicine Evidence-based medicine Psychosomatic medicine Alternative medicine

Ethno medicine *Evidence-based medicine* Psychosomatic medicine Alternative medicine

Which of the following statements, if true, will support the argument that health care delivery has a substantial social and psychological impact on people? Health psychology mainly emphasizes cure rather than prevention to reduce the dollars devoted to the management of illness. Health psychologists know what makes people satisfied or dissatisfied with their health care. Health psychology rejects the notion that people's risky health behaviors can be modified before they become ill. Few people in the United States have direct contact with the health care system as a recipient of services.

Health psychology mainly emphasizes cure rather than prevention to reduce the dollars devoted to the management of illness. *Health psychologists know what makes people satisfied or dissatisfied with their health care.* Health psychology rejects the notion that people's risky health behaviors can be modified before they become ill. Few people in the United States have direct contact with the health care system as a recipient of services.

________ is an open sore in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum. Hepatitis Peptic ulcer Appendicitis Gastroenteritis

Hepatitis *Peptic ulcer* Appendicitis Gastroenteritis

Which of the following statements is true about the biomedical model? -It assumes that psychological and social processes are largely relevant to the disease process. -It reduces illness to low-level processes such as disordered cells and chemical imbalances. -It focuses on behaviors that promote health rather than emphasizing illness over health. -It recognizes social and psychological processes as powerful influences over bodily estates.

It assumes that psychological and social processes are largely relevant to the disease process. *It reduces illness to low-level processes such as disordered cells and chemical imbalances.* It focuses on behaviors that promote health rather than emphasizing illness over health. It recognizes social and psychological processes as powerful influences over bodily estates.

Identify a true statement about epilepsy. It is a serious loss of cognitive ability beyond what might be expected from normal aging. It is caused by the disintegration of myelin, a fatty membrane that surrounds nerve fibers. It results in progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia, a group of nuclei in the brain that control smooth motor coordination. It is incurable but can often be controlled through medication and behavioral interventions.

It is a serious loss of cognitive ability beyond what might be expected from normal aging. It is caused by the disintegration of myelin, a fatty membrane that surrounds nerve fibers. It results in progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia, a group of nuclei in the brain that control smooth motor coordination. *It is incurable but can often be controlled through medication and behavioral interventions.*

Which of the following statements is true about the medulla? It receives and interprets sensory impulses that come from the peripheral areas of the body. It is responsible for the regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. It contains the somatosensory cortex, in which sensations of touch, pain, temperature, and pressure are registered and interpreted. It is the largest portion of the brain, involved in higher-order intelligence, memory, and personality.

It receives and interprets sensory impulses that come from the peripheral areas of the body. * It is responsible for the regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.* It contains the somatosensory cortex, in which sensations of touch, pain, temperature, and pressure are registered and interpreted. It is the largest portion of the brain, involved in higher-order intelligence, memory, and personality.

________ occurs when the heart has insufficient supply of oxygen or is unable to adequately remove carbon dioxide and other waste products. Myocardial infarction Arrhythmia Angina pectoris Ischemia

Myocardial infarction Arrhythmia *Angina pectoris* Ischemia

________ results from below-normal numbers of red blood cells, and it interferes with the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body. Peptic ulcer Lupus Urticaria Anemia

Peptic ulcer Lupus Urticaria * Anemia*

________ is the perception that one can perform an action and that the action will have the intended effect. Perceived health threat Perceived threat reduction Perceived behavioral control Perceived vulnerability

Perceived health threat Perceived threat reduction *Perceived behavioral control* Perceived vulnerability

________ is produced by the interstitial cells of the testes under the control of the anterior pituitary lobe. Progesterone Aldosterone Testosterone Estrogen

Progesterone Aldosterone *Testosterone* Estrogen

________ research looks forward in time to see how a group of people change, or how a relationship between two variables changes over time. Retrospective Prospective Correlational Applied

Retrospective *Prospective* Correlational Applied

________ is the belief that one can control one's practice of a particular behavior. Self criticism Self efficacy Health locus of control Self-esteem

Self criticism *Self efficacy* Health locus of control Self-esteem

________ is experienced when individuals have free will and choice to make decisions regarding health behavior change. Self reinforcement Perceived competence Autonomous motivation Locus of control

Self reinforcement Perceived competence *Autonomous motivation* Locus of control

The ________ Theory examines how people appraise health threats and how they appraise their abilities to manage threats. Self-Determination Planned Behavior Implementation Intention Protection Motivation

Self-Determination Planned Behavior Implementation Intention *Protection Motivation*

Which of the following statements is true about theories? Theories rarely provide guidelines for how to do research and interventions. Theories usually generate nonspecific predictions. Theories that are simple and useful are considered the best. Theories are untestable.

Theories rarely provide guidelines for how to do research and interventions. Theories usually generate nonspecific predictions. *Theories that are simple and useful are considered the best.* Theories are untestable.

Which of the following is commonly known as the disease of lifestyle? Type I diabetes polio dementia Type II diabete

Type I diabetes polio dementia *Type II diabetes*

Which of the following statements is true of health interventions? Workplace interventions typically increase health care costs to organizations. Community-based interventions reach more people than interventions in schools. Health interventions are ineffective in college. Community-based interventions typically bring about drastic behavior change.

Workplace interventions typically increase health care costs to organizations. *Community-based interventions reach more people than interventions in schools.* Health interventions are ineffective in college. Community-based interventions typically bring about drastic behavior change.

________ is an example of an environmentally transmitted disease. Yellow fever Shigellosis Herpes Influenza

Yellow fever Shigellosis Herpes *Influenza*

According to the humoral theory of illness, black bile is associated with a laid-back approach to life. sadness. an angry disposition. a passionate temperament.

a laid-back approach to life. *sadness.* an angry disposition. a passionate temperament.

In the context of behavior change, which of the following scenarios exemplifies a perceived barrier? a woman suffering from stress caused by the recognition of her risk of getting breast cancer a man believing that dietary change would not reduce his risk of a heart attack a family without health insurance not getting their children vaccinated an adolescent girl resorting to smoking to reduce her nervousness in social situations

a woman suffering from stress caused by the recognition of her risk of getting breast cancer a man believing that dietary change would not reduce his risk of a heart attack *a family without health insurance not getting their children vaccinated* an adolescent girl resorting to smoking to reduce her nervousness in social situations

The ________ stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change requires the commitment of time and energy to achieve real behavior change. preparation action maintenance contemplation

preparation *action* maintenance contemplation

According to the psychological aspects of prevention and treatment of illness, health psychologists who work with people who are already ill focus on altering their exercise patterns. advising individuals about career paths that are less stressful. helping them in following their treatment regimen. developing recommendations to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

altering their exercise patterns. advising individuals about career paths that are less stressful. *helping them in following their treatment regimen*. developing recommendations to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

A(n) ________ may initially develop because it is reinforced by a positive outcome, but it eventually becomes independent of the reinforcement process. appeal intervention precontemplation health habit

appeal intervention precontemplation *health habit*

According to the theory of planned behavior, behavioral intentions are made up of three components, namely autonomous motivation, perceived competence and perceived behavioral control. are made up of attitudes toward a specific action, subjective norms regarding the action, and perceived behavioral control. depend on perceived health threats, perceived threat reduction, and perceived behavioral control. depend on perceptions of vulnerability, magnitude of health threat, and perceived behavioral control.

are made up of three components, namely autonomous motivation, perceived competence and perceived behavioral *are made up of attitudes toward a specific action, subjective norms regarding the action, and perceived behavioral control.* depend on perceived health threats, perceived threat reduction, and perceived behavioral control. depend on perceptions of vulnerability, magnitude of health threat, and perceived behavioral control.

The main function of a physical therapist is to -assess where patients need to go after discharge based on their psychosocial needs. -conduct dietary interventions for patients suffering from chronic illnesses, such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. -support patients in regaining the use of bodily --functions that may have been compromised by illness. provide psycho-educational counseling to patients who suffer from chronic illnesses.

assess where patients need to go after discharge based on their psychosocial needs. conduct dietary interventions for patients suffering from chronic illnesses, such as cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. *support patients in regaining the use of bodily functions that may have been compromised by illness*. provide psycho-educational counseling to patients who suffer from chronic illnesses.

Which of the following digestive system disorders is characterized by watery and frequent bowel movements and occurs when the lining of the small and large intestines cannot properly absorb water or digested food? gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) appendicitis peptic ulcer diarrhea

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) appendicitis peptic ulcer *diarrhea*

Respiratory movements are controlled by a respiratory center in the cerebellum. pons. cerebral cortex. medulla.

cerebellum. pons. cerebral cortex. *medulla*

Which of the following is studied by health psychologists to analyze the health care system and formulate health policy? classification of occupations that are highly stressful and can adversely affect people's health the behavioral and social factors that contribute to health, illness, and dysfunction such as alcohol consumption and smoking exercise patterns and dietary interventions that help to promote good habits and develop a healthy lifestyle the impact of hospitals and physicians on people's behavior to develop recommendations for improving health care

classification of occupations that are highly stressful and can adversely affect people's health the behavioral and social factors that contribute to health, illness, and dysfunction such as alcohol consumption and smoking exercise patterns and dietary interventions that help to promote good habits and develop a healthy lifestyle *the impact of hospitals and physicians on people's behavior to develop recommendations for improving health care*

Most of the research in health psychology is guided by clinical trials. unproven hypothesis. practical problems. proven theory.

clinical trials. unproven hypothesis. *practical problems.* proven theory.

The ________ stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change requires the commitment of time and energy to achieve real behavior change. contemplation maintenance action preparation

contemplation maintenance *action* preparation

One of the chief functions of the kidneys is to produce various gastric secretions. control the growth and secretion of the cortex region of the adrenal gland. control the chemical composition of blood. control the water balance in the body.

produce various gastric secretions. control the growth and secretion of the cortex region of the adrenal gland. control the chemical composition of blood. *control the water balance in the body.*

The rationale underlying self monitoring is that people should believe that a health measure will reduce potential health threats. people will change their health habits if they have good information about their habits. people must understand the dimensions of a poor health habit before a change can begin. people should be afraid of their poor health habits in order to induce change.

people should believe that a health measure will reduce potential health threats. people will change their health habits if they have good information about their habits. *people must understand the dimensions of a poor health habit before a change can begin.* people should be afraid of their poor health habits in order to induce change

Health promotion efforts most commonly capitalize on personal goals. values. teachable moments. personal control

personal goals. values. *teachable moments.* personal control

The most important principle in modeling is persuasion. differentiation. synergy. similarity.

persuasion. differentiation. synergy. *similarity.*

Which of the following occurs when catecholamines are released in the body? dilation of blood vessels decrease in sweating increase in digestion and urination constriction of blood vessels

dilation of blood vessels decrease in sweating increase in digestion and urination *constriction of blood vessels*

The ________ are a type of blood-forming cells that produce white blood cells. erythroblasts osteoclasts megakaryocytes myeloblasts

erythroblasts osteoclasts megakaryocytes *myeloblasts*

According to the humoral theory of illness, disease occurs when evil spirits enter a body. God punishes one for wrongdoing. bodily fluids are imbalanced. there is a cellular disorder.

evil spirits enter a body. God punishes one for wrongdoing. *bodily fluids are imbalanced.* there is a cellular disorder.

Which of the following types of hepatitis is also known as serum hepatitis? hepatitis C hepatitis A hepatitis B hepatitis

hepatitis C hepatitis A *hepatitis B* hepatitis

The ________ is responsible for the coordination of visual and auditory reflexes hypothalamus midbrain thalamus hindbrain

hypothalamus *midbrain* thalamus hindbrain

According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, interventions that emphasize providing self reinforcement, social support, stimulus control, and coping skills are likely to be most successful with individuals in the preparation phase. moving through the action phase into the long-term maintenance phase. moving through the precontemplation phase into the contemplation phase. in the contemplation phase.

in the preparation phase. *moving through the action phase into the long-term maintenance phase.* moving through the precontemplation phase into the contemplation phase. in the contemplation phase.

Focusing health promotions on at-risk people is beneficial because it helps to gradually reduce their risk. it is obvious that people who are not at risk are more likely to stay healthy. it is easier to prevent health problems among those who are not at risk. it helps to identify other factors that may increase risk.

it helps to gradually reduce their risk. it is obvious that people who are not at risk are more likely to stay healthy. it is easier to prevent health problems among those who are not at risk. *it helps to identify other factors that may increase risk.*

Adolescents often begin to drink or smoke to reduce their nervousness in social situations by trying to communicate a cool and sophisticated image. This behavior is usually a response to medication. Correct social anxiety. depression. relapse.

medication. *social anxiety* depression. relapse.

Some women usually choose to undergo ________ therapy to deal with the noxious symptoms that occur during menopause. meso hormone gene aversion

meso *hormone* gene aversion

In a(n) ________ study, a researcher measures the diets that people create for themselves and looks at changes in rates of heart disease as determined by how good or poor the diet is. mixed-model experimental prospective retrospective correlational prospective

mixed-model experimental prospective retrospective *correlational prospective*

In the context of psychosomatic medicine, Flanders Dunbar and Franz Alexander maintained that conflicts produce anxiety, which becomes unconscious and takes a physiological toll on the body via the muscular system. autonomic nervous system. integumentary system. cardiovascular system.

muscular system. *autonomic nervous system.* integumentary system. cardiovascular system.

Which of the following blood-forming cells produces platelets? myeloblasts erythroblasts lymphoblasts megakaryocytes

myeloblasts erythroblasts lymphoblasts *megakaryocytes*

Fred wants to lose 20 pounds. He places 20 one-pound boxes of lard in the refrigerator. As his weight-loss program proceeds, he removes one box of lard each time he succeeds in losing a pound. In this instance, Fred is using negative self punishment. positive self punishment. positive self reward. negative self reward.

negative self punishment. positive self punishment. positive self reward. *negative self reward.*

A ________ is responsible for assessing where patients go once they are discharged from a medical setting. nurse practitioner social worker dietician physical therapist

nurse practitioner *social worker* dietician physical therapist

Identify an example of social engineering. obtaining training to improve social skills ridding one's home of unhealthy and fattening foods staying away from bars to avoid drinking banning smoking in the workplace

obtaining training to improve social skills ridding one's home of unhealthy and fattening foods staying away from bars to avoid drinking *banning smoking in the workplace*

The largest group of cells involved in natural immunity is known as osteocytes. oocytes. granulocytes. lymphocytes.

osteocytes. oocytes. *granulocytes.* lymphocytes.

Bile is stored in the ________ and is secreted into the duodenum when necessary. pancreas gallbladder appendix rectum

pancreas *gallbladder* appendix rectum

The biomedical model maintains that psychological and social processes are relevant to the disease process. all illness can be explained on the basis of aberrant somatic bodily processes. disease results when the four humors or circulating fluids of the body are out of balance. health and illness are consequences of biological, psychological, and social factors.

psychological and social processes are relevant to the disease process. *all illness can be explained on the basis of aberrant somatic bodily processes.* disease results when the four humors or circulating fluids of the body are out of balance. health and illness are consequences of biological, psychological, and social factors.

Damage to the cerebellum is associated with reduced blood flow to the left and right atriums. loss of muscle tone and disturbances in posture. alterations in the rate of breathing. hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid

reduced blood flow to the left and right atriums. *loss of muscle tone and disturbances in posture.* alterations in the rate of breathing. hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid

Acute disorders are slowly developing diseases with which people live for many years. typically co-managed by the patient and the practitioner. short-term illnesses that are usually amenable to cure. the major causes of death and illness in the United States.

slowly developing diseases with which people live for many years. typically co-managed by the patient and the practitioner. *short-term illnesses that are usually amenable to cure. the major causes of death and illness in the United States.

Judith is diagnosed with a lump in her gallbladder that must be surgically removed. Her doctor and the hospital psychologist explain the procedure, the difficulties, and the benefits of undergoing the surgery. Judith is aware of the extent of pain she might experience, and she will be taught techniques to manage the pain. According to Janis and Johnson, which of the following is Judith likely to do? take a second opinion from another health care provider to verify the facts improve her adjustment toward the procedure feel anxious and withdraw from the procedure ask for a substitute procedure that might involve less pain

take a second opinion from another health care provider to verify the facts *improve her adjustment toward the procedure* feel anxious and withdraw from the procedure ask for a substitute procedure that might involve less pain

Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a neuroscientific tool that permits glimpses into the circulatory system. the brain. the DNA molecules. the abdominal cavity.

the circulatory system. *the brain.* the DNA molecules. the abdominal cavity.

Which of the following bodily systems functions as the drainage system of the body? the immune system Correct the lymphatic system the endocrine system the respiratory system

the immune system *the lymphatic system* the endocrine system the respiratory system

When a person desires to practice a health behavior, it can be achieved by making a plan that links critical situations or environmental cues to goal-directed responses. This is emphasized in the transtheoretical model. health belief model. implementation intentions model. self-determination theory.

transtheoretical model. health belief model. *implementation intentions model.* self-determination theory.

Brenda has been trying to lose weight and control her seemingly insatiable sweet tooth. To meet her goal, she has removed all cookies, candies, and ice cream from her kitchen cabinets and her refrigerator. She has kept a bowl of fresh fruits on the kitchen counter to occasionally snack on. In this case, Brenda is practicing vicarious self-control. self-punishment. stimulus control. self-reinforcement.

vicarious self-control. self-punishment. *stimulus control* self-reinforcement.