Health Psychology - Nutrition and Exercise

What social and political factors predict exercise?

Availability of facilities, Cultural attitudes, Local funding for sports centres, GP referral schemes, and Supervised exercise schemes.

What are Michael Pollans Food Rules?

(1)Don't eat anything your grandmother wouldn't recognize as food. (2) Don't eat anything with more than 5 ingredients. (3) Stay out of the middle of the supermarket - shop the perimeter. (4) Don't buy anything that won't eventually rot. (5) Always leave the table a little hungry. (6) Enjoy meals with the ones you love - not in front of the TV. (7) Don't buy food where you buy your gasoline.

What is nutritionism?

Alleged paradigm that assumes that it is the scientifically identified nutrients in foods determine value of individual food stuffs in the diet. Idea that nutritional value of food is sum of all its individual nutrients. Implication that the only point of eating is to promote bodily health.

What are the psychological benefits of exercise?

Decreased depression, Decreased anxiety, Stress reduction, Self esteem and self confidence, Increased social support, and Increased self efficacy.

What did Bardone-Cone et al. (2012) find regarding vegetarianism?

Females with ED more likely to be vegetarian, and to do so for weight control reasons.

What are the psychosocial factors of Vegetarianism?

Gender differences and pro-social behaviour, emotional well-being, more positive mood states, nature-relatedness.

How is nutrition measured?

Household Surveys, Food Diaries, 24-hour dietary recall, Food Frequency Questionnaire, Diet History, Supermarket Receipts.

What are proteins?

Important for the body's synthesis of new material Composed of amino acids (half of the 20 known AA are essential for body development and functioning).

What are antioxidants?

Includes Vitamin A (carotene), C, and E. Reduce the damage to cells from a process in metabolism called oxidation.

What are the physical benefits of exercise?

Increased longevity, Reduced blood pressure, Reduction in weight, Reduction in diabetes, Protection against osteoporosis, Reduction in CHD.

What are minerals?

Inorganic substances, such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, iron, iodine, zinc. Important in body development and functioning e.g., calcium for bones, K and Na for nerve transmission.

How did the human body evolve in regards to eating behaviours?

It evolved to be highly efficient at storing excess energy from food in-take.

What is orthorexia?

It is an obsession with the perfect diet. Possibly a new mental illness - related to OCD. It is the avoidance of foods with any: artificial flavours or preservatives, pesticides, genetic modification, unhealthy fat, sugar or added salt.

What are the statistics of insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption?

It is attributable to 2.8% of deaths worldwide Estimated to cause 14% of gastrointestinal cancer deaths globally. 11% of ischemic heart disease (reduced blood flow to heart muscle) globally 9% stroke deaths globally.

How is nutritional psychology applied to health behaviours?

It is used in relation to a healthier diet, vegetarianism

How is nutritional psychology applied to treatment

It is used in relation to obesity, cancer, heart disease, eating disorders, in palliative care

What are the psychosocial Correlates of Inadequate Plant Consumption?

Low family connectedness, weight dissatisfaction, poor academic achievement, and frequent dieting (only inadequate fruit consumption), binge eating, substance abuse, past suicide attempts.

What is relapse predicted by?

Lower class, Smoking, A belief that exercise is an effort, Lower enjoyment, No history of exercise, No support from a spouse, No available time, Poor access to facilities, and Lower value on health.

What is fibre?

Not considered a nutrient because it is not used in metabolism. Needed in process of digestion

How is fitness differentiated by location?

Occupational activity (at work) or Leisure activity (during leisure time).

What are vitamins?

Organic chemicals that regulate metabolism and functions of the body, used in converting nutrients to energy, used in producing hormones, and breaking down waste products and toxins.

What are some modifiable factors that predict exercise?

Perceived social benefits of exercise, Value on health Beliefs about the benefits of exercise, Exercise self efficacy, and Social norms.

How is fitness differentiated by intention?

Physical activity (a bodily movement resulting in energy expenditure - intentional and automatic) or Exercise (repetitive movement -intentional).

How is fitness differentiated by outcome?

Physical activity for fitness or Physical activity for health.

What does food content depend on?

Preparation method, the variety of products, and growing and storage conditions.

What are fats?

Saturated, polyunsaturated, cholesterol Nutritionists recommend that diets contain not more than 30% of calories (nor less than 10%) from fat.

What are the two types of carbohydrates?

Simple sugars e.g., glucose (animal products), fructose (fruits/honey) and Complex sugars e.g., sucrose (table sugar), lactose in milk products, starch (plants).

What is nutritional psychology?

The intersection of human behaviour and cognition in relation to the consumption of food and drink.

What are lipids?

They constitute a group of naturally occurring molecules that include: fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others.

What are the types of vegetarianism (continuum)?

Vegan / Vegetarians - Pesco-vegetarians (eat fish) Semi-vegetarians (avoid red meat) - Flexitarians (occasionally ate red meat) - Omnivores.

What are some non-modifiable factors that predict exercise?

Younger in age, Better educated, Low body weight, Access to facilities, Being male, and Having money.