HED2100 Unit 2 chapter 3

The US Census is taken every ___ years

10

In 2020, more than ___ diseases were designated as notifiable at the national level

80

T/F An attack rate is a special incidence rate calculated for a particular population for a single disease outbreak and is expressed as a percentage.

True

An unexpectedly large number of cases of an illness in a particular population at a particular time and place can be considered a

epidemic

In 1900, what was the leading cause of death in the US

pneumonia, influenza

In the United States, what was the life expectancy at birth for males in 1900

46.3

In the US, what was the life expectancy at birth for both sexes in 1900

47.3

Considered the father of modern epidemiology

John Snow

In the United States, what was the first decade females had a life expectancy at birth in their seventies

1950

In the United States, what was the first decade males had a life expectancy at birth in their seventies

1980

According to the chapter, around how many deaths were registered in the US in 2017

2.8 million

In the United States, what was the life expectancy at birth for females in 1900

48.3

In 2017, the five leading causes of death in the United States accounted for about ___ of all deaths

61%

In 2016, the number of YPLL- 75 per 100,00 population was lowest for which two causes of death?

Alzheimer disease and nephritis (kidney disease)

According to the chapter, what is the leading cause of death for the 45-64 year old age group

Cancer

The chapter provided a table with the life expectancy at birth for selected countries by sex in 2016. Which country had the least discrepancy in years they would live between females and males

Congo

T/F A disease that lasts three months or less is a chronic disease.

False

T/F An unexpectedly large number of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related event in a particular population us defined as a pandemic.

False

T/F Analytic studies can be either observational or experimental

False

T/F Diseases of the heart was the number one cause of death in 1900, 1940 and 2017

False

T/F It was not until 1983 that Robert Koch discovered the organism that causes cholera, Vibrio Cholerae

False

T/F John Snow is considered the "father of medicine"

False

T/F The number of HIV infections has increased 40% since 1997

False

T/F The number of years of healthy life expected, on average, in a given population is the disability-adjusted life years

False

T/F The rate of an illness in a population is the natality rate.

False

The chapter stated that Black/African Americans had more years of potential lives lost (YPLL-75 per 100,00) than White/Caucasians for two different causes of deaths. What were those two causes of death

Heart disease and homicide

The chapter provided a table of life expectancy at birth for selected countries by sex in 2016. Which country had the most discrepancy in years they would live between females and males

Latvia

T/F Incidence rates only look at the number of new, not all, cases of health-related events

True

T/F More then 25 million people died during the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919

True

T/F Sometimes notifiable diseases are not reported to the local health department because patients recover- with or without treatment- without a diagnosis being confirmed

True

T/F The average number of years a person from a specific cohort is projected to live from s given point in time is their life expectancy

True

T/F The period of time between exposure to an infectious agent and the onset of symptoms is called the incubation period

True

t/f a primary care physician is concerned with the health of an individual patient, while an epidemiologist is concerned with the health of a population

True

Incidence rates are important in the study of ___ diseases, diseases in which the peak severity of symptoms occurs and subsides within days or weeks

acute

The common cold, influenza, chickenpox, measles, and mumps are examples of

acute diseases

Studies that test hypotheses about relationships between health problems and possible health factors are:

analytic studies

Prevalence rates are useful for the study of ___ disease, diseases that usually last 3 months or longer these cases, it is more important to know how many people are currently suffering such a disease than know when they become afflicetd

chronic

Arthritis, heart disease, cancer and diabetes are examples of

chronic diseases

A type of epidemic where cases are exposed to a common source over time is an:

common source epidemic

When using criteria of causation, the criterion that addresses the issue of whether the association has been reported in a variety of people, has been exposed in a variety of settings, and can have repeatable results by other researchers is

consistency

Studies that seek to describe the extent of disease in regard to person, time, and place are

descriptive studies

Epidemiologists conduct two general types of investigations/studies to better understand how disease is distributed in the population and what determines who gets sick and who does not. What are they?

descriptive studies and analytic studies

A disease that occurs regularly in a population or in a certain location is referred to as a

endemic disease

Studies that are carried out to identify risk factors of a disease or to determine the effectiveness of an intervention are:

experimental studies

What mortality statistics in particular, continues to be used to be the single most reliable indicator of a population's health status

infant mortality

Notifiable diseases, such as ____ diseases that can be epidemic and for which health officials maintain weekly records

infectious

In 1990, the number of YPLL- 75 per 100,000 population was lowest for which two causes of death?

influenza and pneumonia and nephritis (kidney disease)

In 2016, the number of YPLL-75 per 100,000 population was highest for which two causes of death?

malignant neoplasms (cancer) and unintentional injuries.

In 1990, the number of YPLL (years of potential life lost) 75 per 100,000 population was highest for which two causes of death

malignant neoplasms and diseases of the heart

Analytic studies can be either

observational or experimental

Studies that simply observe the natural course of events, taking note of who is exposed or unexposed and who has or has not developed the disease of interest are:

observational studies

An outbreak of disease over a wide geographical area such as a continent or multiple continents is a

pandemic

A type of epidemic where all cases were exposed at a single point in time is a :

point source epidemic

an epidemic curve depicting a distribution of cases traceable to multiple sources of exposure is a

propagated epidemic curve

The number of events of interest that occur in a given population over a given period or at a given point in time is a

rate

According to the chapter, what is the leading cause of death for all age groups between 1-44 years

unintentional injuries