HI 102 Test 1 - Cooper Statt

Mary Wollstonecraft

British feminist of the eighteenth century who argued for women's equality with men

First Estate

Clergy

Amendment 17

Direct election of senators

May 1789

Estates General Meets/ French Revolution begins

Third Estate

Everyone else (97% of the population)

President

Executive power

2nd abdication

Exiled to St. Helena

James Madison

Father of the Constitution

John Wesley

Founder of Methodism

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

French Constitution

Napoleon Bonaparte

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

Louis XVIII

French monarch who was restored to the throne by the allies after Napoleon was defeated.

Code Napoleon (Napoleonic Code)

Granted personal freedoms; Collection of laws that standardized French law under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte

1730-1760

Great Awakening

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Haitian patriot and leader of the Haitian Revolution slave rebellion

Romanticism

Heart over head; ruled by passion

every 2 years

How often are House members to be elected

every 6 years

How often are Senators elected?

Amendment 16

Income Tax

The Storming of Bastille

July 14, 1789; Destruction of the prison seen as the true start of the French Revolution.

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

King and Queen of France during the French Revolution; attempted to flee Paris but are caught and later executed

Louis XVI

King during French Revolution; very indecisive, supported the American colonies

Yorktown

Last battle of the War of Independence in 1789 where the British surrendered.

January 1793

Louis XVI executed

John Locke

man is a blank tablet when born; knowledge comes from the environment

Count von Zinzendorf

established a Moravian settlement on his estate

David Hume

experiences and feelings make the "Science of Man" possible

Six purposes mentioned in the Preamble

form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for a common Defense, promote general Welfare, secure the blessings of Liberty

Rousseau

most important European figure; Modern society corrupts; What is good for the masses must be right; Compulsory education

Congress (Article IV)

granted authority to enter new states into the Union

Static Constitution

is to be followed the way the Founding Fathers intended

Four Years

length of presidential term

The State

Appoints presidential electors

Estates General

Assembly called in 1789 by Louis XVI; begins the French Revolution

Seven Years War

Austria (Maria Theresa) vs. Prussia (Fredrick the Great) & England vs. France

June 1815

Battle of Waterloo

Exception made to trial by jury in criminal cases

must be held in the state of the crime committed

Article IV Section 1

mutual faith and credit

Article IV Section 3

new states

Congress

power to ordain and establish "inferior courts"

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

priests were required to swear loyalty to the state

Isaac Newton

promoted rational view of the universe

Volitaire

promoted the idea of rationalism; VERY anti-God;

*Catherine the Great*, Joseph II of Austria, Fredrick II of Prussia

ruled by philosophy rather than brute force

Montesquieu

separation of powers

Constitution

separation of powers to reduce tyranny, federalism to enhance liberty, checks & balances to ensure cooperation, Bill of Rights to list freedoms of the people

First Consul

the position that Napoleon declared himself to seize power of France.

cultural relativism

the practice of judging a culture by its own standards

The Left

wanted the King dethroned and executed

The Right

wanted to keep the King in power

Consulate

weak dictatorship

Articles of Confederation

weak form of government after the War for Independence

Diderot

wrote Encyclopedia; very anti-God

Guillotine

becomes the symbol of the Revolution; at least 35,000 killed

Philip Spener

began the Pietist movement with Bible studies in his home

House of Representatives

bills regarding revenues

Equal treatment with local citizens

citizens in one state entitled to in another state

1715

Age of Enlightenment begins in France

Article V

Amendment Process

War of Austrian Succession

This war was over the inheritance of the throne by Maria Theresa

Leipzig

"Battle of Nations" where Europeans crushed Napoleon's forces on October 1813

Robspierre

"The Incorruptable" ; lead revolution; Comittee of Public Safety; Lead the Reign of Terror, excecution marked the end of the Reign of Terror

French and Indian War

(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French. The English won.

George Washington

1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution

Versailles

A palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris; it was home to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

Skepticism

A philosophy which suggests that nothing can ever be known for certain.

Tennis Court Oath

A pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution

Living Constitution

A way of interpreting the Constitution that takes into account evolving national attitudes and circumstances rather than the text alone.

Louis XV

A weak ruler who said, "After me the deluge"

1812

Napoleon invades Russia

1st abdication

Napoleon is sent to Elba

Waterloo

Napoleon's final defeat by the Duke of Wellington

Austerlitz

Napoleon's greatest victory

Concordant

Napoleon's peace treaty with the Roman Catholic Church

Continental System

Napoleon's policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain's economy.

Amendment 8

No cruel and unusual punishment, no excessive bail

Amendment 4

No unreasonable searches and seizures without a warrant

Second Estate

Nobles

1648

Peace of Westphalia

Amendment 10

Powers reserved to the states and the people

Article IV, Section 2

Privileges and Immunities of each state granted to all citizens of the US

Adam Smith

Promoted laissez-faire (hands off trade); Wrote the Wealth of Nations

Article IV Section 4

Republican form of government guaranteed in each state (Four x Four)

Amendment 2

Right to bear and own arms

Women's March on Versailles

Royal Family was forced to go back to Paris

"Scorched Earth"

Russians Burning live stock and crops to prevent the French from living off the land

July 14, 1789

Storming of the Bastille

1756-1763

The Seven Years' War/ French and Indian War

Committee of Public Safety

The leaders under Robespierre who organized the defenses of France, conducted foreign policy, and centralized authority during the period 1792-1795.

Article IV

The states

Senate and House of Representatives

The two parts of Congress

National Assembly

Third Estate declaration that it was the only true government in France

1618-1648

Thirty Years War

De-Christianization

Tried atheism, but then introduced Deism ("The Supreme Being") a policy, adopted in the radical phase of the French Revolution, aimed at creating a secular society by eliminating Christian forms and institutions from French society

Invasion of Russia

Tsar Alexander I exits Continental System; Napoleon's most disastrous military campaign, began with 600,000 men; Russian winter forced Napoleon to retreat, lead to his downfall

Right to a speedy and public trial; impartial jury

Two conditions placed on criminal trials

Thomas Jefferson

Wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776

The Enlightenment

a movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly; supplants God's Word as the source of truth

Treaty of Paris

agreement signed by British and American leaders that stated the United States of America was a free and independent nation

Battle of Trafalgar

an 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon's forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson.