HI 102 Test 1 - Cooper Statt
Mary Wollstonecraft
British feminist of the eighteenth century who argued for women's equality with men
First Estate
Clergy
Amendment 17
Direct election of senators
May 1789
Estates General Meets/ French Revolution begins
Third Estate
Everyone else (97% of the population)
President
Executive power
2nd abdication
Exiled to St. Helena
James Madison
Father of the Constitution
John Wesley
Founder of Methodism
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
French Constitution
Napoleon Bonaparte
French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)
Louis XVIII
French monarch who was restored to the throne by the allies after Napoleon was defeated.
Code Napoleon (Napoleonic Code)
Granted personal freedoms; Collection of laws that standardized French law under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte
1730-1760
Great Awakening
Toussaint L'Ouverture
Haitian patriot and leader of the Haitian Revolution slave rebellion
Romanticism
Heart over head; ruled by passion
every 2 years
How often are House members to be elected
every 6 years
How often are Senators elected?
Amendment 16
Income Tax
The Storming of Bastille
July 14, 1789; Destruction of the prison seen as the true start of the French Revolution.
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
King and Queen of France during the French Revolution; attempted to flee Paris but are caught and later executed
Louis XVI
King during French Revolution; very indecisive, supported the American colonies
Yorktown
Last battle of the War of Independence in 1789 where the British surrendered.
January 1793
Louis XVI executed
John Locke
man is a blank tablet when born; knowledge comes from the environment
Count von Zinzendorf
established a Moravian settlement on his estate
David Hume
experiences and feelings make the "Science of Man" possible
Six purposes mentioned in the Preamble
form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for a common Defense, promote general Welfare, secure the blessings of Liberty
Rousseau
most important European figure; Modern society corrupts; What is good for the masses must be right; Compulsory education
Congress (Article IV)
granted authority to enter new states into the Union
Static Constitution
is to be followed the way the Founding Fathers intended
Four Years
length of presidential term
The State
Appoints presidential electors
Estates General
Assembly called in 1789 by Louis XVI; begins the French Revolution
Seven Years War
Austria (Maria Theresa) vs. Prussia (Fredrick the Great) & England vs. France
June 1815
Battle of Waterloo
Exception made to trial by jury in criminal cases
must be held in the state of the crime committed
Article IV Section 1
mutual faith and credit
Article IV Section 3
new states
Congress
power to ordain and establish "inferior courts"
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
priests were required to swear loyalty to the state
Isaac Newton
promoted rational view of the universe
Volitaire
promoted the idea of rationalism; VERY anti-God;
*Catherine the Great*, Joseph II of Austria, Fredrick II of Prussia
ruled by philosophy rather than brute force
Montesquieu
separation of powers
Constitution
separation of powers to reduce tyranny, federalism to enhance liberty, checks & balances to ensure cooperation, Bill of Rights to list freedoms of the people
First Consul
the position that Napoleon declared himself to seize power of France.
cultural relativism
the practice of judging a culture by its own standards
The Left
wanted the King dethroned and executed
The Right
wanted to keep the King in power
Consulate
weak dictatorship
Articles of Confederation
weak form of government after the War for Independence
Diderot
wrote Encyclopedia; very anti-God
Guillotine
becomes the symbol of the Revolution; at least 35,000 killed
Philip Spener
began the Pietist movement with Bible studies in his home
House of Representatives
bills regarding revenues
Equal treatment with local citizens
citizens in one state entitled to in another state
1715
Age of Enlightenment begins in France
Article V
Amendment Process
War of Austrian Succession
This war was over the inheritance of the throne by Maria Theresa
Leipzig
"Battle of Nations" where Europeans crushed Napoleon's forces on October 1813
Robspierre
"The Incorruptable" ; lead revolution; Comittee of Public Safety; Lead the Reign of Terror, excecution marked the end of the Reign of Terror
French and Indian War
(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French. The English won.
George Washington
1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution
Versailles
A palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris; it was home to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
Skepticism
A philosophy which suggests that nothing can ever be known for certain.
Tennis Court Oath
A pledge made by the members of France's National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution
Living Constitution
A way of interpreting the Constitution that takes into account evolving national attitudes and circumstances rather than the text alone.
Louis XV
A weak ruler who said, "After me the deluge"
1812
Napoleon invades Russia
1st abdication
Napoleon is sent to Elba
Waterloo
Napoleon's final defeat by the Duke of Wellington
Austerlitz
Napoleon's greatest victory
Concordant
Napoleon's peace treaty with the Roman Catholic Church
Continental System
Napoleon's policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain's economy.
Amendment 8
No cruel and unusual punishment, no excessive bail
Amendment 4
No unreasonable searches and seizures without a warrant
Second Estate
Nobles
1648
Peace of Westphalia
Amendment 10
Powers reserved to the states and the people
Article IV, Section 2
Privileges and Immunities of each state granted to all citizens of the US
Adam Smith
Promoted laissez-faire (hands off trade); Wrote the Wealth of Nations
Article IV Section 4
Republican form of government guaranteed in each state (Four x Four)
Amendment 2
Right to bear and own arms
Women's March on Versailles
Royal Family was forced to go back to Paris
"Scorched Earth"
Russians Burning live stock and crops to prevent the French from living off the land
July 14, 1789
Storming of the Bastille
1756-1763
The Seven Years' War/ French and Indian War
Committee of Public Safety
The leaders under Robespierre who organized the defenses of France, conducted foreign policy, and centralized authority during the period 1792-1795.
Article IV
The states
Senate and House of Representatives
The two parts of Congress
National Assembly
Third Estate declaration that it was the only true government in France
1618-1648
Thirty Years War
De-Christianization
Tried atheism, but then introduced Deism ("The Supreme Being") a policy, adopted in the radical phase of the French Revolution, aimed at creating a secular society by eliminating Christian forms and institutions from French society
Invasion of Russia
Tsar Alexander I exits Continental System; Napoleon's most disastrous military campaign, began with 600,000 men; Russian winter forced Napoleon to retreat, lead to his downfall
Right to a speedy and public trial; impartial jury
Two conditions placed on criminal trials
Thomas Jefferson
Wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776
The Enlightenment
a movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly; supplants God's Word as the source of truth
Treaty of Paris
agreement signed by British and American leaders that stated the United States of America was a free and independent nation
Battle of Trafalgar
an 1805 naval battle in which Napoleon's forces were defeated by a British fleet under the command of Horatio Nelson.
