HIST 1301 Exam 1 Review
Where did the Protestant Reformation begin?
Northern Europe
Which of the following is not true of the Puritan religion?
Religious freedom was important.
The first African slaves were brought to the English colonies in North America to cultivate which crops?
Rice, Indigo, and Tobacco.
The first English attempt at colonizing the New World was
Roanoke
the first English colony in the New World, which mysteriously disappeared sometime between 1587 and 1590
Roanoke
On which modern day location did Christopher Columbus's fleet first land in the New World?
The Caribbean
The series of attempts by Christian armies to retake the Holy Lands (region of Palestine) from Muslims was known as ________.
The Crusades
Beringia
an ancient land bridge linking Asia and North America
Inquisition
a campaign by the Catholic Church to root out heresy, especially among converted Jews and Muslims
Serf
a peasant tied to the land and its lord
Both the Aztec and Inca empires were:
large, wealthy, and sophisticated
Which of the following best describes most of the first English settlers to arrive at the colony of Jamestown?
peasants who had been forced off their farms and sought work
Which of the following was a goal of the Spanish in their destruction of Fort Caroline?
reducing the threat of French privateers
Which of the following characterized the post-Archaic phase in North America?
sedentary village life
Which Southwestern tribe was first to build multi-room and multistory buildings?
the Anasazi
Protestants like John Calvin and Martin Luther believed
the Bible should be available in everyday language
To which colonies were the largest number of slaves transported from West Africa during the transatlantic slave trade?
the British and French West Indies
Mita
the Incan labor tax, with each family donating time and work to communal projects
Koran
the sacred book of Islam, written by the prophet Muhammad in the seventh century
What was the Middle Passage?
the transatlantic journey that African slaves made to America.
Why did the Spanish build Castillo de San Marcos?
to defend against imperial challengers
What was the chief goal of the Puritans?
to eliminate any traces of Catholicism from the Church of England
What was the main goal of the French in colonizing the Americas?
trading, especially for furs
Black Death
two strains of the bubonic plague that simultaneously swept western Europe in the fourteenth century, causing the death of nearly half the population
Bartolomé de Las Casas denounced Spanish brutality in the New World in his writings which became known as
Black Legend
Spain's reputation as bloodthirsty conquistadors
Black Legend
This civilization, near modern-day St. Louis, had more than ten thousand residents, with tens of thousands more living in farms surrounding the city. It was the hub of political and trading activities along the Mississippi River.
Cahokia
In 1054, the eastern branch of Christianity establish its center in __________________. The western branch remained in Rome.
Constantinople
Which religious order joined the French settlement in Canada and tried to convert the natives to Christianity?
Jesuits
In 1492, the Spanish forced these two religious groups to either convert or leave.
Jews and Muslims
a business entity in which investors provide the capital and assume the risk in order to reap significant returns
Joint Stock Company
Cortez was aided, in his conquest of the Aztecs and other native indians, by ____________, who served as an interpreter.
Malintzin
Which Europeans travels first provoked the Western European curiosity for Asian goods?
Marco Polo
The first English colony settled by Puritans was
Massachusetts Bay Colony
The _____________________ perfected the calendar and written language the Olmec had begun.
Maya
the protectionist economic principle that nations should control trade with their colonies to ensure a favorable balance of trade
Mercantilism
Which crop did the Europeans bring to the New World?
wheat
Crusades
a series of military expeditions made by Christian Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries
Matriarchy
a society in which women have political power
Chattel Slavery
a system in which people are treated as personal property to be bought and sold
Why was finding an oceanic route to Asia important to the Europeans?
They wanted to circumvent Arabic merchants.
Feudal Society
an arrangement in which serfs and knights provided labor and military service to noble lords, receiving protection and land use in return
What caused the deaths of most of the native American population?
an epidemic of smallpox
Why was Jamestown originally founded?
as a center for economic opportunity
What was the primary cause for the population growth in the American colonies in the early 1700s?
immigration to the Americas from Europe
documents for purchase that absolved sinners of their errant behavior
indulgences
Tenochtitlan was home to the ________________ .
Aztec
The first permanent colony established by Europeans in the modern-day United States was in what modern-day state?
Florida
This imperial power enjoyed relatively good relations with native peoples of the New World.
France
Which of the following Indian peoples built homes in cliff dwellings that still exist?
Anasazi
From where did the first migrants to North America originate?
Asia
What was the location of the largest mound-building culture in early North America?
Cahokia
a branch of Protestantism started by John Calvin, emphasizing human powerlessness before an omniscient God and stressing the idea of predestination
Calvinism
the movement of plants, animals, and diseases across the Atlantic due to European exploration of the Americas
Columbian Exchange
The city we now call New York, was first establish by the
Dutch
Why didn't England make stronger attempts to colonize the New World before the late sixteenth to early seventeenth century?
English attention was turned to internal struggles and the encroaching Catholic menace to Scotland and Ireland
Globalization is the ever-decreasing interconnectedness of the world.
False
The Spanish preserved Mayan history in the form of glyphs, or pictures representing words, recorded in folding books called codices
False
the island in the Caribbean, present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic, where Columbus first landed and established a Spanish colony
Hispaniola
The ___________________ gave as much as one-third of their crop to those who were unable to work or grow their own food.
Inca
Which culture developed a road system rivaling that of the Romans?
Inca
In the early years of the Virginia colony, ______________ were commonly used for labor.
Indentured Servents
The first permanent English colony in the modern-day United States was
Jamestown
Which culture developed the only writing system in the Western Hemisphere?
Olmec
Separatists, led by William Bradford, who established the first English settlement in New England
Pilgrims
The Mayflower compact was signed by people headed to this colony
Plymouth
The first English colony settled by Pilgrims was
Plymouth
Which explorer initiated the Spanish charting of the Southeastern region?
Ponce de León
The strategic holdings of islands and coastal ports gave this country an almost unrivaled control of nautical routes and global empire of trading posts during the 1400s.
Portugal
Which country initiated the era of Atlantic exploration?
Portugal
_____________________ spearheaded early exploration into the Atlantic world.
Prince Henry
sea captains to whom the British government had given permission to raid Spanish ships at will
Privateers
the schism in Catholicism that began with Martin Luther and John Calvin in the early sixteenth century
Protestant Reformation
Hohokam indians were part of the
Pueblo People
a group of religious reformers in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who wanted to "purify" the Church of England by ridding it of practices associated with the Catholic Church and advocating greater purity of doctrine and worship
Puritans
The founders of the Plymouth colony were:
Separatists
a faction of Puritans who advocated complete separation from the Church of England
Separatists
The __________________ is the overland trading route from China to the Mediterranean.
Silk Road
Which country established the first colonies in the Americas?
Spain
Reconquista
Spain's nearly eight-hundred-year holy war against Islam, which ended in 1492
What was the first European colony established in the area we now call the United States of America?
St. Augustine
This commodity was an important part of early African slavery
Sugar
one of the primary crops of the Americas, which required a tremendous amount of labor to cultivate
Sugarcane
What was the principal cause of the Pueblo Revolt in New Mexico?
The Spanish had attempted to keep the Pueblos from practicing their native religion.
What actions by the Spanish settlers in the New Mexico colony led to the Pueblo Revolt?
They kept them from practicing their native religion
How did the French settlers approach colonization in the New World differently from the Spanish? Correct!
They sought to make alliances with the native peoples instead of subjugating them.
Why were West Africans preferred over the native people of the Americas for enslaved labor?
They were able to resist diseases that had affected the native peoples.
The city of ________ became a leading center for Muslim scholarship and trade.
Timbuktu
What was the most lucrative product of the Chesapeake colonies?
Tobacco
The _____________________ divided South America between Spain and Portugal.
Treaty of Tordesillas
________ became wealthy trading with the East.
Venice
The New World was called "America" in honor of ______________ .
Vespucci
How did the first people to migrate to North America reach it?
by crossing the Bering Strait from the west
How could encomiendas be obtained?
by serving the Spanish crown
legal rights to native labor as granted by the Spanish crown
encomienda
What posed the biggest threat to the early peoples of the American Southwest prior to the year 1300?
environmental changes
What was the primary cause of Bacon's Rebellion?
former indentured servants wanted more opportunities to expand their territory
The first migrants to North America reached it from which direction?
from the west
Before the arrival of Columbus, Native North Americans:
had elaborate trade networks.
Many people doubted Christopher Columbus' plan to sail west because
he underestimated the circumference of the Earth.
