HIST 1301 Exam 1 Review

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Where did the Protestant Reformation begin?

Northern Europe

Which of the following is not true of the Puritan religion?

Religious freedom was important.

The first African slaves were brought to the English colonies in North America to cultivate which crops?

Rice, Indigo, and Tobacco.

The first English attempt at colonizing the New World was

Roanoke

the first English colony in the New World, which mysteriously disappeared sometime between 1587 and 1590

Roanoke

On which modern day location did Christopher Columbus's fleet first land in the New World?

The Caribbean

The series of attempts by Christian armies to retake the Holy Lands (region of Palestine) from Muslims was known as ________.

The Crusades

Beringia

an ancient land bridge linking Asia and North America

Inquisition

a campaign by the Catholic Church to root out heresy, especially among converted Jews and Muslims

Serf

a peasant tied to the land and its lord

Both the Aztec and Inca empires were:

large, wealthy, and sophisticated

Which of the following best describes most of the first English settlers to arrive at the colony of Jamestown?

peasants who had been forced off their farms and sought work

Which of the following was a goal of the Spanish in their destruction of Fort Caroline?

reducing the threat of French privateers

Which of the following characterized the post-Archaic phase in North America?

sedentary village life

Which Southwestern tribe was first to build multi-room and multistory buildings?

the Anasazi

Protestants like John Calvin and Martin Luther believed

the Bible should be available in everyday language

To which colonies were the largest number of slaves transported from West Africa during the transatlantic slave trade?

the British and French West Indies

Mita

the Incan labor tax, with each family donating time and work to communal projects

Koran

the sacred book of Islam, written by the prophet Muhammad in the seventh century

What was the Middle Passage?

the transatlantic journey that African slaves made to America.

Why did the Spanish build Castillo de San Marcos?

to defend against imperial challengers

What was the chief goal of the Puritans?

to eliminate any traces of Catholicism from the Church of England

What was the main goal of the French in colonizing the Americas?

trading, especially for furs

Black Death

two strains of the bubonic plague that simultaneously swept western Europe in the fourteenth century, causing the death of nearly half the population

Bartolomé de Las Casas denounced Spanish brutality in the New World in his writings which became known as

Black Legend

Spain's reputation as bloodthirsty conquistadors

Black Legend

This civilization, near modern-day St. Louis, had more than ten thousand residents, with tens of thousands more living in farms surrounding the city. It was the hub of political and trading activities along the Mississippi River.

Cahokia

In 1054, the eastern branch of Christianity establish its center in __________________. The western branch remained in Rome.

Constantinople

Which religious order joined the French settlement in Canada and tried to convert the natives to Christianity?

Jesuits

In 1492, the Spanish forced these two religious groups to either convert or leave.

Jews and Muslims

a business entity in which investors provide the capital and assume the risk in order to reap significant returns

Joint Stock Company

Cortez was aided, in his conquest of the Aztecs and other native indians, by ____________, who served as an interpreter.

Malintzin

Which Europeans travels first provoked the Western European curiosity for Asian goods?

Marco Polo

The first English colony settled by Puritans was

Massachusetts Bay Colony

The _____________________ perfected the calendar and written language the Olmec had begun.

Maya

the protectionist economic principle that nations should control trade with their colonies to ensure a favorable balance of trade

Mercantilism

Which crop did the Europeans bring to the New World?

wheat

Crusades

a series of military expeditions made by Christian Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the eleventh, twelfth, and thirteenth centuries

Matriarchy

a society in which women have political power

Chattel Slavery

a system in which people are treated as personal property to be bought and sold

Why was finding an oceanic route to Asia important to the Europeans?

They wanted to circumvent Arabic merchants.

Feudal Society

an arrangement in which serfs and knights provided labor and military service to noble lords, receiving protection and land use in return

What caused the deaths of most of the native American population?

an epidemic of smallpox

Why was Jamestown originally founded?

as a center for economic opportunity

What was the primary cause for the population growth in the American colonies in the early 1700s?

immigration to the Americas from Europe

documents for purchase that absolved sinners of their errant behavior

indulgences

Tenochtitlan was home to the ________________ .

Aztec

The first permanent colony established by Europeans in the modern-day United States was in what modern-day state?

Florida

This imperial power enjoyed relatively good relations with native peoples of the New World.

France

Which of the following Indian peoples built homes in cliff dwellings that still exist?

Anasazi

From where did the first migrants to North America originate?

Asia

What was the location of the largest mound-building culture in early North America?

Cahokia

a branch of Protestantism started by John Calvin, emphasizing human powerlessness before an omniscient God and stressing the idea of predestination

Calvinism

the movement of plants, animals, and diseases across the Atlantic due to European exploration of the Americas

Columbian Exchange

The city we now call New York, was first establish by the

Dutch

Why didn't England make stronger attempts to colonize the New World before the late sixteenth to early seventeenth century?

English attention was turned to internal struggles and the encroaching Catholic menace to Scotland and Ireland

Globalization is the ever-decreasing interconnectedness of the world.

False

The Spanish preserved Mayan history in the form of glyphs, or pictures representing words, recorded in folding books called codices

False

the island in the Caribbean, present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic, where Columbus first landed and established a Spanish colony

Hispaniola

The ___________________ gave as much as one-third of their crop to those who were unable to work or grow their own food.

Inca

Which culture developed a road system rivaling that of the Romans?

Inca

In the early years of the Virginia colony, ______________ were commonly used for labor.

Indentured Servents

The first permanent English colony in the modern-day United States was

Jamestown

Which culture developed the only writing system in the Western Hemisphere?

Olmec

Separatists, led by William Bradford, who established the first English settlement in New England

Pilgrims

The Mayflower compact was signed by people headed to this colony

Plymouth

The first English colony settled by Pilgrims was

Plymouth

Which explorer initiated the Spanish charting of the Southeastern region?

Ponce de León

The strategic holdings of islands and coastal ports gave this country an almost unrivaled control of nautical routes and global empire of trading posts during the 1400s.

Portugal

Which country initiated the era of Atlantic exploration?

Portugal

_____________________ spearheaded early exploration into the Atlantic world.

Prince Henry

sea captains to whom the British government had given permission to raid Spanish ships at will

Privateers

the schism in Catholicism that began with Martin Luther and John Calvin in the early sixteenth century

Protestant Reformation

Hohokam indians were part of the

Pueblo People

a group of religious reformers in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who wanted to "purify" the Church of England by ridding it of practices associated with the Catholic Church and advocating greater purity of doctrine and worship

Puritans

The founders of the Plymouth colony were:

Separatists

a faction of Puritans who advocated complete separation from the Church of England

Separatists

The __________________ is the overland trading route from China to the Mediterranean.

Silk Road

Which country established the first colonies in the Americas?

Spain

Reconquista

Spain's nearly eight-hundred-year holy war against Islam, which ended in 1492

What was the first European colony established in the area we now call the United States of America?

St. Augustine

This commodity was an important part of early African slavery

Sugar

one of the primary crops of the Americas, which required a tremendous amount of labor to cultivate

Sugarcane

What was the principal cause of the Pueblo Revolt in New Mexico?

The Spanish had attempted to keep the Pueblos from practicing their native religion.

What actions by the Spanish settlers in the New Mexico colony led to the Pueblo Revolt?

They kept them from practicing their native religion

How did the French settlers approach colonization in the New World differently from the Spanish? Correct!

They sought to make alliances with the native peoples instead of subjugating them.

Why were West Africans preferred over the native people of the Americas for enslaved labor?

They were able to resist diseases that had affected the native peoples.

The city of ________ became a leading center for Muslim scholarship and trade.

Timbuktu

What was the most lucrative product of the Chesapeake colonies?

Tobacco

The _____________________ divided South America between Spain and Portugal.

Treaty of Tordesillas

________ became wealthy trading with the East.

Venice

The New World was called "America" in honor of ______________ .

Vespucci

How did the first people to migrate to North America reach it?

by crossing the Bering Strait from the west

How could encomiendas be obtained?

by serving the Spanish crown

legal rights to native labor as granted by the Spanish crown

encomienda

What posed the biggest threat to the early peoples of the American Southwest prior to the year 1300?

environmental changes

What was the primary cause of Bacon's Rebellion?

former indentured servants wanted more opportunities to expand their territory

The first migrants to North America reached it from which direction?

from the west

Before the arrival of Columbus, Native North Americans:

had elaborate trade networks.

Many people doubted Christopher Columbus' plan to sail west because

he underestimated the circumference of the Earth.


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