HIST 2610 Chapter 13
In 1860, the budget of the federal government stood at $63 million. In 1865, it was
$1.3 billion.
In issuing the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, President Lincoln justified the measure as
a military necessity.
In issuing the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, President Lincoln justified the measure as
a military necessity. Lincoln presented the Emancipation Proclamation, not as an act of justice, but as a military measure necessary to end the war by undermining the planters' slave economy. As a result, it was more palatable to Northerners committed to preserving the Union but wary of abolition.
The fact that Confederate soldiers under Robert E. Lee went into the Battle of Antietam without shoes is evidence of
chronic supply problems that plagued the Confederacy in particular.
The fact that Confederate soldiers under Robert E. Lee went into the Battle of Antietam without shoes is evidence of
chronic supply problems that plagued the Confederacy in particular. As General Lee complained before Antietam, many soldiers went into battle in ragged uniforms and without shoes. Rations, too, ran short. Food was dispensed sporadically and was often spoiled.
Refer to the image Union Soldiers in Camp, c. 1863 For civilians at home, the photograph of Union Soldiers in Camp suggests that a soldier's life was
relatively pleasant.
For civilians at home, the photograph of Union Soldiers in Camp suggests that a soldier's life was
relatively pleasant. All things considered, the scene appears pleasant. Some soldiers look bored and tired of camp life, but in general they look well fed and healthy.
When Lincoln was inaugurated in March 1861, some legislators in the Upper South
still hoped for a compromise.
When Lincoln was inaugurated in March 1861, some legislators in the Upper South
still hoped for a compromise. When Lincoln was inaugurated in March 1861, legislators in the Upper South still hoped for a compromise and, indeed, Lincoln sought to bring the Confederates back into the Union without using military force.
By the winter of 1861-1862, military leaders in both the Union and Confederacy recognized that
the struggle was likely to be a long one. The initial battles had made it clear that the war was likely going to be a long struggle that demanded a far greater commitment of men and resources than anyone had imagined just months earlier.
At the beginning of the Civil War, which of the following advantages did the Confederacy enjoy?
A realization that a long war was likely
In 1862, why did Lincoln fear that the abolition of slavery might drive border states like Delaware, Missouri, and Kentucky from the Union?
Abolition would arouse animosities among slaveholders in those states.
In 1862, why did Lincoln fear that the abolition of slavery might drive border states like Delaware, Missouri, and Kentucky from the Union?
Abolition would arouse animosities among slaveholders in those states. These border states still held slave owners, and the abolition of slavery would anger them. The question was whether this anger would be sufficient to drive those states to secede.
What was the significance of the Battle of Antietam Creek in September 1862?
Abraham Lincoln used it as the occasion to announce the emancipation policy.
What was the significance of the Battle of Antietam Creek in September 1862?
Abraham Lincoln used it as the occasion to announce the emancipation policy. Because Robert E. Lee and his Confederate army were forced to retreat after the battle, Lincoln claimed Antietam as a great victory. Five days later, the president announced his preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
In Union military camps, who was most likely to perform the menial labor?
Black soldiers Black soldiers encountered racism in Union camps, even though they faced the dangers of battle like any white soldier. They were most likely to perform the menial labor.
Which of the following assessments of changes in the nation's banking system during the Civil War is accurate?
Congress gave the federal government the power to take on national debt.
Which of the following assessments of changes in the nation's banking system during the Civil War is accurate?
Congress gave the federal government the power to take on national debt. Congress did authorize the federal government to take on national debt.
How did General Ulysses S. Grant defeat General Robert E. Lee late in the Civil War despite taking heavier losses on his way toward Richmond?
Grant had the larger army and could endure heavier losses.
Why did President Abraham Lincoln initially not want to enlist African American soldiers when the Civil War began?
He did not want to lose the slaveholding border states to the Confederacy.
Why did President Abraham Lincoln initially not want to enlist African American soldiers when the Civil War began?
He did not want to lose the slaveholding border states to the Confederacy. Lincoln and his advisers were initially wary of letting a war to preserve the Union become a war against slavery, and they feared that any further threat to slavery might drive the four slave states that remained in the Union into the Confederacy.
Why did Abraham Lincoln ask for only 75,000 volunteers for three months at the beginning of the Civil War?
He did not want to unnerve Northerners with a larger army.
Why did Abraham Lincoln ask for only 75,000 volunteers for three months at the beginning of the Civil War?
He did not want to unnerve Northerners with a larger army. Lincoln feared that he would unnerve Northerners if he followed the advice of General Winfield Scott to muster 300,000 men for two to three years, and instead asked for only 75,000 volunteers for three months.
Why did President Lincoln suspend the right of habeas corpus in border states that allowed slavery in 1861?
He hoped to check the spread of secessionist thought before it was too late.
Why did President Lincoln suspend the right of habeas corpus in border states that allowed slavery in 1861?
He hoped to check the spread of secessionist thought before it was too late. Fearing the rapid spread of secessionist influence, Lincoln suspended the right of habeas corpus in border states. He also jailed secessionists, arrested state legislators, and limited freedom of the press.
How did Secretary of War Simon Cameron respond to free African Americans who volunteered for military service early in the Civil War?
He refused to accept black soldiers. At the beginning of the Civil War, Cameron did not imagine that the Union would include black soldiers.
How did General William Tecumseh Sherman respond to the pleas of black ministers that former slaves be given a chance to build new lives for themselves?
He set aside 400,000 acres of Confederate land in Georgia for former slaves. In Savannah, Georgia, Sherman met with black ministers who spoke movingly of the war and the desire to take life into their own hands. In response, Sherman set aside more than 400,000 acres of captured Confederate land for former slaves.
Which of the following describes General Ulysses S. Grant's Civil War strategy of waging "hard war"?
He was willing to accept huge casualties for victory.
Why did President Lincoln order the garrison at Fort Sumter to be resupplied in April 1861 when he knew South Carolina might resist such a move?
If South Carolina chose to stop the resupply, it would be responsible for beginning hostilities.
Where did President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation free slaves?
In areas still in Confederate hands On January 1, 1863, Lincoln signed the final edict, proclaiming that slaves in areas still in rebellion were "forever free" and inviting them to enlist in the Union army. In many ways, the proclamation was a conservative document, applying only to slaves largely beyond the reach of federal power. Its provisions exempted from emancipation the 450,000 slaves in the loyal border states; 275,000 slaves in Union-occupied Tennessee; and tens of thousands more in Louisiana and Virginia.
What economic condition occurred in both the North and the South during the Civil War?
Inflation
What broader impact did the Civil War have on the economy of the North?
It accelerated industrial development.
What broader impact did the Civil War have on the economy of the North?
It accelerated industrial development. The war accelerated industrial development in the North.
Which of the following accurately assesses the task the Union faced in the Civil War?
It had to defeat the South thoroughly.
How did Congress take advantage of the absence of southern Democrats in its economic policies during the Civil War?
It passed a steep tariff on manufactured imports.
How did Congress take advantage of the absence of southern Democrats in its economic policies during the Civil War?
It passed a steep tariff on manufactured imports. The predominantly Republican Congress passed a steep tariff on manufactured imports.
What did the Confiscation Act passed by the U.S. Congress in August 1861 do?
It proclaimed that any slave owner whose slave was used by the Confederate army would lose claim to that slave. The Confiscation Act of 1861 declared that a slave owner's property rights to his slaves became null and void if the slaves aided the Confederate cause. But it did not declare those slaves to be free.
Why did Union leaders reject calls to enlist African Americans early in the Civil War?
It was feared that whites would not enlist if they had to serve with black soldiers.
Which of the following is true about the Confederate government's handling of its military needs during the Civil War?
Jefferson Davis signed the first conscription act in U.S. history.
Why did Jefferson Davis argue that secession was a necessity for slave states in 1861?
Lincoln's victory had jeopardized the future of slavery.
Why did Jefferson Davis argue that secession was a necessity for slave states in 1861?
Lincoln's victory had jeopardized the future of slavery. Davis joined many other southern leaders in arguing that Lincoln's victory jeopardized the future of slavery.
Which of the following plagued the Confederacy in 1864, the third year of the Civil War?
Low morale and increasing loss of confidence
Why were slaves in the border states eager to join the Union army?
Military service would result in their freedom.
By the end of the Civil War in 1865, women had almost entirely replaced men in what military occupation?
Nurse By the end of the Civil War in 1865, women had almost entirely replaced men as military nurses.
What effect did Union invasions of the South during the Civil War have on northern opinion about slavery?
Opinion moved increasingly against slavery as the war continued.
Refer to the passage to answer the following question: "The stern, steady march of events has brought us in conflict with our non-slaveholding confederates upon the fundamental principles of our compact of Union. We have not sought this conflict; we have sought too long to avoid it. . . . The door of conciliation and compromise is finally closed by our adversaries. . . . The South at all times demanded nothing but equality in the common territories, equal enjoyment of them with their property, to that extended to Northern citizens and their property—nothing more. . . . In 1790 we had less than eight hundred thousand slaves. Under our mild and humane administration of the system they have increased above four millions. The country has expanded to meet this growing want, and Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri have received this increasing tide of African labor; before the end of this century, at precisely the same rate of increase, the Africans among us in a subordinate condition will amount to eleven millions of persons. What shall be done with them? We must expand or perish." What emotion did Robert Toombs appeal to in making his argument in favor of secession? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Pity
What emotion did Robert Toombs appeal to in making his argument in favor of secession?
Pity Toombs invited the reader to feel sorry for the South—sorry that the North had oppressed them, sorry that their slave population had grown so large there is no place for them to live, sorry that they were, according to Toombs, forced to secede.
What role did Rose Greenhow play in the Civil War?
Spy
Why did the Confederacy try to get Great Britain to recognize its independence in 1862?
The Confederacy needed Britain because it was the leading market for cotton.
Where did Congress abolish slavery in April 1862, the first step to the end of slavery in the United States?
The District of Columbia
What was the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863?
The battle boosted northern morale and delivered a blow to southern hopes.
What was the significance of the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863?
The battle boosted northern morale and delivered a blow to southern hopes. Lee's decision to go on the offensive ultimately proved the Confederacy's undoing. The Union's decisive military victories at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and Vicksburg, Mississippi, improved Yankee morale while devastating Confederate hopes.
Refer to the image Battlefield Dead at Antietam, 1862 How does the photographer who took the photograph of the aftermath of the Battle of Antietam (1862) lead the viewer to feel horrified by the reality of war?
The bodies lie in an indiscriminate mass, looking abandoned.
Why did Lincoln dispatch ships to Fort Sumter in South Carolina's Charleston harbor in April 1861?
The garrison was running out of food and medicine.
Why did both Union and Confederate governments have to institute conscription laws in the middle of the Civil War?
The number of deserters was growing rapidly.
Why did both Union and Confederate governments have to institute conscription laws in the middle of the Civil War?
The number of deserters was growing rapidly. As the deadliness of military service during the Civil War became apparent, more and more soldiers deserted on both sides. That, combined with heavy losses from battle and disease, caused manpower shortages.
Which of the following assessments of living conditions for civilians in the North during the Civil War is accurate?
The prices of consumer goods climbed faster than wages.
According to Robert Toombs, why must slavery be allowed in the western territories?
The slave population had grown so large that they needed more land on which to live. Toombs argued from necessity. If the territory open to slavery did not expand, there would be no place for the growing slave population to live. "We must expand," he wrote, "or perish."
Why did Jefferson Davis and his advisers choose to attack Fort Sumter in April 1861?
They could not permit a foreign power on the territory of the Confederacy.
How did southern slaves respond to the presence of Union troops in their vicinity in the early years of the Civil War?
They exchanged information about troop movements and fled to Union camps if they could.
How did Northerners react to the Confederate shelling of Fort Sumter in April 1861?
They lined up behind President Lincoln's call for war. Whereas the initial news of secession triggered mostly economic worries, the attack on Fort Sumter prompted Americans to line up behind President Lincoln's call for war.
How did most military and political officials feel about women's direct engagement in the Civil War?
They opposed it initially.
How did most military and political officials feel about women's direct engagement in the Civil War?
They opposed it initially. Military and political officials initially opposed women's direct engagement in the war effort.
Why were some northern Democrats called "Copperheads" during the Civil War?
They opposed the war, a treacherous act like that of a copperhead snake.
Why did abolitionist lecturers tour Britain in the early years of the 1860s?
They sought to prevent the British from recognizing the Confederacy.
Why had civilians traveled from the District of Columbia to the battle site of Bull Run (Manassas) in July 1861?
They wanted to catch a glimpse of live combat.
Why did President Lincoln worry about keeping Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, and Kentucky in the Union at the outset of the Civil War?
Those states were slaveholding border states.
Why did the Confederacy recruit Mexican American soldiers to join them in fighting the Civil War?
To attack Union gold and silver mines in the west Aiming to raid Union mines in the West, the Confederacy recruited Mexican Americans. A Union victory gained by a troop of Colorado miners at Glorietta Pass, near New Mexico, ended the scheme, however.
Why did the federal government establish the U.S. Sanitary Commission in June 1861?
To coordinate medical care for Union soldiers
Why did the federal government establish the U.S. Sanitary Commission in June 1861?
To coordinate medical care for Union soldiers The purpose of the U.S. Sanitary Commission was to help coordinate medical care for Union troops.
Refer to the image Portrait of Loots-Tow-Oots and Wife Why does the Pawnee warrior Loots-Tow-Oots hold a sword in the photograph taken of him and his wife in 1868?
To recall his service in a Union cavalry unit during the war
Refer to the image Portrait of Loots-Tow-Oots and Wifeto answer the following question. Click the image to view full-size. Why does the Pawnee warrior Loots-Tow-Oots hold a sword in the photograph taken of him and his wife in 1868?
To recall his service in a Union cavalry unit during the war
By 1861, the Confederacy had moved its capital to the city of
Richmond. Virginia was by far the most significant slave state of the Upper South that had joined the secession, and it was strategically close to Washington, D.C. The Confederacy thus moved its capital to Richmond.
In addition to stealing, what other crime does Eleanor Cohen Seixas accuse the Union troops of committing?
Sexual assault Although she does no say so directly, Seixas alludes to soldiers committing "every excess" and that "[n]o age or sex was safe from them." She also says that "[o]ur noble women were insulted by words, and some, I have heard of, in deeds...."
After January 1, 1863, a slave living in a place controlled by the Confederate army was
deemed free forever.
After January 1, 1863, a slave living in a place controlled by the Confederate army was
deemed free forever. Issued January 1, 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in areas controlled by the Confederacy. Slaves in Union territories were unaffected, since Lincoln pitched the proclamation as a war measure needed to defeat the Confederacy.
Because of the outcomes of the Battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg, Republicans changed their goals for the Civil War by
fully embracing the abolition of slavery.
