hist

Which of the following is an example of a product that nonelite people could afford because of industrialization? A. beaver hats B. Chinese porcelain C. cotton clothing D. French wine

C. cotton clothing

Calls for political revolution in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world relied on which of the following new ideas? A. absolutism and socialism B. nationalism and mercantilism C. nationalism and democracy 4. absolutism and capitalism

C. nationalism and democracy

Which of the following brought the Ukraine into Russian control? A. Catherine the Great annexed Ukraine after victories over the Ottomans. B. The Romanovs made nobles serve as state officials. C. Peasant communes expanded into the region searching for more farmland. D. Peter the Great conquered Siberia and Sweden.

A. Catherine the Great annexed Ukraine after victories over the Ottomans.

Why did European wars expand into global confrontations? A. Conflicts over overseas colonies and trade routes replaced earlier regional religious and territorial struggles. B. European armies skirmished around the globe over religion. C. European countries called on their allies in Africa and Asia to support them militarily. D. The Portuguese attacked English and Dutch outposts in Asia and the Americas.

A. Conflicts over overseas colonies and trade routes replaced earlier regional religious and territorial struggles.

Which of the following prevented English monarchs, such as Queen Elizabeth I, from establishing an absolutist regime? A. English monarchs were legally required to obtain the consent of Parliament in order to raise funds. B. English monarchs never wanted to centralize their authority. C. England was composed of several independent duchies, which refused to allow the monarch to have absolute power. D. England was religiously unified, removing an issue that allowed monarchs to discredit their opponents.

A. English monarchs were legally required to obtain the consent of Parliament in order to raise funds.

Which of the following was a consequence of the increasing wealth of European states? A. European states grew rich enough to wage almost unceasing wars against one another. B. A belief that European states should open up their colonial markets to trade with their European rivals C. A growing division arose between monarchs and merchants. D. An expanding diet led to a decrease in European tooth decay.

A. European states grew rich enough to wage almost unceasing wars against one another.

During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, how did India's traditional trade patterns change? A. India became an importer of British goods such as cotton textiles and an exporter of raw materials. B. The East India Company sponsored scholarship to encourage Indians to adopt a laissez-faire philosophy. C. The East India Company retreated from Bengal, ending years of lucrative tax collection. D. India turned inward and abandoned the Indian Ocean trade in favor of internal trade.

A. India became an importer of British goods such as cotton textiles and an exporter of raw materials.

What led European countries other than Spain and Portugal to turn to cultivation in order to extract wealth from their American colonies? A. Little mineral wealth was found in the English, French, or Dutch colonies. B. The Dutch did not have the right technology to transport heavy cargoes across the open ocean, so they turned to farming. C. The English had a strong tradition of agriculture and few commercial connections. D. Other European countries saw the negative impact of mineral wealth on Spain and so rejected it as a source of income.

A. Little mineral wealth was found in the English, French, or Dutch colonies.

For what reason did the Dutch kill or enslave nearly the entire population of the Banda Islands? A. The Dutch wanted to buy nutmeg at a low price in the Banda Islands and sell nutmeg at many times that price in Europe. B. The Dutch wanted to construct a fort to protect themselves from the Spaniards in Manila. C. The Dutch wanted revenge after the traditional chiefs of Banda killed Dutch diplomats. D. The Dutch wanted to intimidate the inhabitants of the nearby Maluku islands into selling their silk only to the Dutch.

A. The Dutch wanted to buy nutmeg at a low price in the Banda Islands and sell nutmeg at many times that price in Europe.

In early nineteenth-century industrial societies, why did migration to urban areas increase so rapidly? A. There was a growing demand for factory workers in the cities. B. Peasants wanted to avoid the rigid work discipline of the rural farms. C. Cities provided free public education to their residents. D. Cities offered more comfortable and modern housing.

A. There was a growing demand for factory workers in the cities.

Large Russian landowners failed to support the Decembrists for which of the following reasons? A. Landowners believed in Enlightenment ideals. B. Landowners wanted divine-right monarchy. C. Landowners feared the industrial revolution. D. Landowners wanted serfdom abolished.

B. Landowners wanted divine-right monarchy.

Which of the following best explains the rise of Orientalist scholarship? A. European intellectuals' opposition to the British Empire in Asia B. Asian intellectuals' influence on academia after they migrated to Britain C. Answer British imperialists' desire to understand their subject populations D. European colonizers' discovery of forgotten Sanskrit and Persian texts

C. Answer British imperialists' desire to understand their subject populations

How did the migration of Qing peasants differ from the migration of workers in Britain? A. The Qing peasants migrated to the large coastal cities to take part in trade whereas British agrarian labor moved to the interior of the island. B. British agrarian labor voluntarily moved to newly enclosed lands whereas the movement of Qing peasants was state-sponsored. C. The Qing peasants were encouraged by the government to migrate westward to secure the frontiers whereas British agrarian labor moved to the cities in search of factory jobs. D. British rural workers moved to work in more profitable agricultural jobs in Australia whereas the movement of the Qing peasants was internal.

C. The Qing peasants were encouraged by the government to migrate westward to secure the frontiers whereas British agrarian labor moved to the cities in search of factory jobs.

Which of the following is a way that the English Navigation Act of 1651 promoted the economic policy of mercantilism? A. The act led to peaceful collaboration with the Dutch, the other Northern European mercantile powerhouse. B. The act permitted merchants free navigation and the protection of the royal coast guard. C. The act stipulated that only English ships could carry goods between the mother country and its colonies. D. The act permitted English merchants to transport heavy cargo on fluitschips with small crews.

C. The act stipulated that only English ships could carry goods between the mother country and its colonies.

What, according to mercantilist thinkers, was the purpose of colonies? A. to encourage international cooperation through free trade B. to act as laboratories in which new methods of state administration could be tested C. to enrich the states that had founded them D. to allow merchants to profit by diversifying their economic investments

C. to enrich the states that had founded them

Which of the following was a consequence of the fact that European buyers preferred enslaved males? A. Enslavers could not engage in sexual relations with enslaved women. B. Slave catchers for all African markets targeted men more than women. C. Polyandry became common in the Americas, monogamy in Africa. D. Gender imbalance in the Americas contributed to the continuation of the transatlantic slave trade.

D. Gender imbalance in the Americas contributed to the continuation of the transatlantic slave trade.

Which of the following methods was used by Tsar Nicholas I to maintain absolute rule in Russia? A. He attempted to gain the loyalty of the people by abolishing serfdom. B. He claimed that enlightened despotism was the most advanced form of government. C. He bought the loyalty of the Decembrists with gifts of lands and titles. D. He expanded the secret police and enforced censorship.

D. He expanded the secret police and enforced censorship.

Which of the following accurately describes a reason cited by the colonists for the North American War of Independence? A. The North American colonists did not have local assemblies, which were required if they were to be democratic. B. Many Amerindians turned to the American revolutionaries to help them resist the aggressive advances of the land-hungry British. C. Britain's North American colonies were impoverished and would not be able to prosper as long as Britain retained control. D. King George III insisted that the colonists contribute to the crown that protected them, notably in the Seven Years' War.

D. King George III insisted that the colonists contribute to the crown that protected them, notably in the Seven Years' War.

Which of the following accurately describes global trade in the mid-nineteenth century? A. Most goods were carried overland by railroad instead of by sea on sailing ships. B. The people in the agricultural hinterlands were largely unaffected by changing global markets. C. The global trade of luxury goods, such as silk and porcelain, profoundly changed the societies that produced them. D. People increasingly worked to produce goods that they could sell in the global market instead of producing subsistence crops.

D. People increasingly worked to produce goods that they could sell in the global market instead of producing subsistence crops.

Which of the following factors made the Safavid Empire the most unstable of the large Muslim states? A. the influence of Europeans and Indians at the Safavid court B. invasion by the Portuguese and Dutch C. loss of trade revenue and territory to the Mughals D. weak rulers and conflict between ethnic groups

D. weak rulers and conflict between ethnic groups