History 1302 Unit 1 Exam (17,18,19,20)
"Equal rights for all, special privileges to none" was the slogan of the: A) Southern Alliance. B) Farmers' Alliance. C) Democrats. D) Greenback party. E) Republicans.
A
"Trusts" like Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust were vulnerable because they: A) were appealing targets for prosecution on the grounds of monopoly or restraint of trade. B) paid their various subsidiaries enormous and unjustified profits. C) were forced to spend too much of their money on philanthropic endeavors. D) controlled companies that had nothing to do with one another. E) were often too large to earn a profit.
A
All of the following were locations of campaigns during the Spanish-American War EXCEPT: A) Madrid. B) Manila Bay. C) San Juan Hill. D) Kettle Hill. E) Santiago.
A
All of the following were put forward as reasons for the United States annexing the Philippines EXCEPT: A) gaining access to large oil and coal deposits in the Philippines. B) the need to keep the Philippines from being taken over by foreign rivals. C) the desire to Christianize the Filipinos. D) acquiring better access to trade with China. E) a belief that Filipinos were unfit for self-government.
A
By the late nineteenth century, Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce Indians believed: A) the time had come to stop fighting and put a stop to his people's needless deaths. B) his people should resist white settlement to their very last man, woman, and child. C) magic would save his people from defeat. D) a massive alliance of Indians offered one last chance to turn back American settlement. E) the Americans offered a superior way of life.
A
During the presidential election of 1892, the Populist candidate: A) won Colorado, Kansas, Nevada, and Idaho. B) discovered the polio vaccine. C) became Grover Cleveland. D) opposed a "progressive" income tax. E) was a former Confederate army officer.
A
Facing severe restrictions on their free time, married working women often: A) found fellowship with other women on the public streets while tending to other responsibilities. B) spent their days totally alone. C) divorced their husbands and abandoned their children. D) settled for having pets. E) ran for political office to change the laws that hurt them.
A
In 1877, President Rutherford Hayes addressed the American approach to dealing with Native Americans, saying: A) "many, if not most of our Indian wars have had their origin in broken promises and acts of injustice on our part." B) "if we kill the bison, we control the Indians." C) "we must kill the Indian in order to save the man." D) "Indians must be removed from tribes in order to progress." E) "the only good Indian is a dead one."
A
In much of the nineteenth century, women in Texas were legally prohibited from: A) suing for divorce. B) serving on juries. C) farming. D) getting any education. E) getting married.
A
In order to acquire the Canal Zone, the United States supported Panama's revolt against: A) Colombia. B) Costa Rica. C) Nicaragua. D) Mexico. E) Venezuela.
A
Mary Elizabeth Lease: A) was a Kansas Alliance leader. B) was the lone female leader in the Stalwart movement. C) founded the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry (the Grange). D) wrote the 1892 Omaha platform for the People's party. E) was the presidential candidate of the Greenback party in 1892.
A
One reason the United States went to war against Spain was that: A) there was strong support among the American people for going to war. B) Theodore Roosevelt insisted his corollary to the Monroe Doctrine demanded war. C) the leaders of the Democratic party pushed for war. D) the shipping profiteers in New England believed their prosperity depended on war. E) Cuban cigar manufacturers in Florida insisted that war was necessary to protect their markets.
A
Proponents of the New South believed that the South should: A) industrialize. B) be dominated by planter aristocrats. C) form a separate nation. D) encourage immigration of cheap labor. E) eliminate agriculture.
A
Roosevelt's "Gentlemen's Agreement": A) stopped the flow of Japanese immigrants to America. B) stopped the intrusion of Christian missionaries into Korea. C) agreed not to bring American armed forces into the Russo-Japanese War. D) agreed to help finance the Russian effort to seize Korea from the Chinese. E) acknowledged Japan's dominance of Korea.
A
Tenement houses in New York City: A) had higher mortality rates than among the general population. B) usually had two to three families in each building. C) were urban, yet their courtyards offered children a sense of nature. D) were clean. E) were cramped, yet offered more privacy than apartments.
A
The Knights of Labor allowed all occupations to join EXCEPT: A) policemen. B) bankers. C) doctors. D) those who sold liquor. E) lawyers.
A
The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act: A) provided for appointment to a number of government jobs on the basis of competitive exams. B) was vetoed as "an unconstitutional intrusion of government into the private sphere" by Benjamin Harrison. C) set up the first racial quotas for government service jobs. D) provided for appointments only in the postal service. E) was signed into law by James Garfield.
A
The Pennsylvania oil rush: A) outweighed, in economic importance, the California gold rush of a decade before. B) began in 1889. C) ended the monopoly in petroleum production that Oklahoma had enjoyed for a quarter of a century. D) illustrated to many Americans that a dependence on oil might prove problematic in the future. E) gave J. Pierpont Morgan his start in business.
A
The greatest growth of the Knights of Labor took place: A) under the leadership of Terence Powderly, when the union had several strikes against the railroads. B) under the leadership of Uriah S. Stephens. C) as a result of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. D) after the Wobblies split the NLU. E) in 1875, when the federal government outlawed the use of violence against union members.
A
The postwar South suffered from an acute shortage of: A) capital. B) labor. C) water. D) cotton. E) domestic help.
A
The public health officials and municipal engineers who tried to clean up the city and its public health dangers were called: A) sanitary reformers. B) missionaries. C) cowboys. D) garbage men. E) health care professionals.
A
Violence erupted at the Homestead Works in 1892 when: A) Henry Frick tried to break a strike by bringing in the Pinkertons. B) Andrew Carnegie fired Frick. C) Andrew Carnegie announced the plant's sale to J. P. Morgan. D) Andrew Carnegie tried to replace one union with another one. E) police attempted to break up a protest meeting.
A
What was the purpose of the "subtreasury plan"? A) It allowed farmers to secure low-interest government loans. B) It reclaimed unused land from the railroads. C) It said that the national bank could pull supplemental cash from private banks. D) It promoted deflation by withdrawing silver certificates from circulation. E) It reestablished the gold standard.
A
Which of the following statements about the American acquisition of Puerto Rico is true? A) The Jones Act of 1917 made residents of Puerto Rico U.S. citizens. B) The Foraker Act of 1900 eliminated the island's government. C) Puerto Rico was denied the right to have an elected legislature. D) Puerto Rico had little strategic value for the United States. E) Puerto Rico became a U.S. state.
A
Why did the United States fight a war in the Philippines after the Spanish-American War? A) to quell an insurrection of Filipinos that opposed annexation by the United States B) to defeat the Boxer Rebellion C) to oust the remaining Spanish forces from the island that had refused to evacuate D) to avenge the Russian surprise attack on Manila E) to stop Japan from annexing the islands
A
Why were mail cars connected to the Pullman cars during the Pullman strike? A) to justify federal intervention to end the strike by allowing railroad executives to claim the strike interfered with the mail B) to prevent anarchists from communicating with the strikers C) to allow President Grover Cleveland to express his support for the union D) to enable the strikers to create as big a disruption as possible E) to allow union leaders throughout the country to exchange correspondence during the strike
A
Young, urban women eager for recreation frequented all of the following EXCEPT: A) boxing matches. B) theaters. C) dance halls. D) amusement parks. E) picnic grounds.
A
As many as 25 percent of the cowboys who participated in the Texas cattle drives were: A) women. B) children. C) Chinese. D) African American. E) British.
African American
All of the following contributed to epidemics, disease, and high mortality rates in the growing cities EXCEPT: A)overcrowding. B)the banishment of animals to outside city limits. C)untreated sewage. D)contaminated water. E)overflowing garbage.
B
All of the following statements are true of the Pinkertons EXCEPT: A) they were a detective agency. B) they relied on Chinese labor to fill their ranks. C) they were hired to end the Homestead strike. D) they won every battle they were sent into. E) they busted unions.
B
During the election of 1900, the McKinley-Roosevelt ticket campaigned on a platform that: A) favored "free silver." B) supported American territorial acquisitions following the Spanish-American War. C) pushed for statehood for Cuba and Puerto Rico. D) opposed the annexation of the Philippines. E) advocated for federal control of the railroads.
B
During the presidential election of 1892, the Populist candidate: A) became Grover Cleveland. B) won Colorado, Kansas, Nevada, and Idaho. C) discovered the polio vaccine. D) was a former Confederate army officer. E) opposed a "progressive" income tax.
B
Ellis Island was located right outside: A) Charleston. B) New York City. C) Philadelphia. D) Boston. E) San Francisco.
B
Following the 1867 "Report on the Condition of the Indian Tribes," Congress decided that the best way to end the Indian wars was to: A) systematically kill most of the buffalo. B) persuade the Indians to live on out-of-the-way reservations. C) allow Indians to follow old traditions such as the Ghost Dance. D) "Americanize" the Indians by offering them an education at the white man's schools. E) send in the army, under men such as George Custer, to break the morale of the Indians.
B
J. Pierpont Morgan is distinguished from business leaders such as Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller because he was the only one: A) who made millions with his investments. B) who came from an elite, privileged background. C) who had a rags-to-riches story. D) who was foreign-born. E) who supported unions.
B
One of the main reasons that electric motors were significant to the industrialization of the late nineteenth century was that they: A) eliminated the need for oil during the Industrial Revolution. B) freed factories to locate wherever they wished, and not just by waterfalls and coal deposits. C) powered the first lightbulbs. D) forced railroads to abandon the use of steam power. E) were used in the first automobiles.
B
One of the reasons mass transit was significant to developing cities was because: A) it stifled the growth of the city by drawing jobs to the periphery. B) it allowed larger numbers of people to become commuters and live away from the central city. C) it prevented parks from being built inside city limits. D) it increased the reliance on horse-drawn transportation. E) it kept the population of women living in the city very low.
B
Queen Liliuokalani: A) welcomed American sugar planters to Hawaii. B) opposed the Americanization of Hawaii. C) was forced by Americans living in Hawaii to claim the Hawaiian throne and establish a monarchy in 1899. D) forged a partnership with Dole Pineapple Corporation that went awry. E) was an American pretender to the Hawaiian throne.
B
The 1890 census reported that: A) it would take several more generations to close the American West to settlement. B) the frontier era in American development was over. C) California had become the most populous state in the Union. D) more people lived in big cities than in rural areas. E) Indians still outnumbered whites in the West.
B
The American Tobacco Company: A) was based in Dallas, Texas. B) dominated the U.S. tobacco industry by the twentieth century. C) was the first such government-owned company in the United States. D) was Virginia's largest industrial employer. E) was second only to the Bull Durham Company in cigarette production at the turn of the century.
B
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was significant in American immigration history because it: A) sent all the Chinese immigrants in the United States back to China. B) was the first federal law to restrict immigration on the basis of race and class. C) removed all restrictions from American immigration law. D) denied citizenship to any Chinese born in the United States. E) was the first time Congress was unable to override a presidential veto of an immigration law.
B
The Knights of Labor: A) advocated the revolutionary overthrow of capitalism. B) called for men and women to have equal pay for equal work. C) allowed doctors, lawyers, and bankers to join their ranks. D) formed a successful political party. E) admitted only skilled workers, such as printers or cigar makers.
B
The Philippine-American War became known for: A) being the first American defeat in a foreign war. B) its brutality and the atrocities committed by both sides. C) the contributions of Theodore Roosevelt's "Rough Riders." D) the lack of violence in the conflict. E) the absence of civilian casualties.
B
The Stalwarts: A) generally favored a lenient southern policy. B) were led by Roscoe Conkling. C) had opposed Ulysses S. Grant. D) were a faction in the Democratic party, and were also known as the Half-Breeds. E) won the election of 1884.
B
The Teller Amendment: A) called for universal suffrage in America's new possessions. B) disavowed any American designs on Cuban territory. C) was promptly vetoed by McKinley. D) was added to an army appropriation bill in 1901. E) was defeated in the Senate.
B
The exclusion of Chinese immigrants: A) came only after the exclusion of immigrants from northern and western Europe. B) originally called for a ten-year term. C) came only after the exclusion of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe. D) was opposed by white workers in the Far West. E) was supported by President Chester A. Arthur.
B
The first great cowtown was: A) Butte, Montana. B) Abilene, Kansas. C) Fort Worth, Texas. D) Denver, Colorado. E) St. Louis, Missouri.
B
When the United States and Colombia could not agree on a price for the Canal Zone: A) Colombian leaders offered the deal to the British. B) the United States lent support to a separatist rebellion in the Colombian province of Panama. C) the matter was submitted to an international board for arbitration. D) the United Fruit Co. brought in Venezuelan and American mercenaries. E) Roosevelt sent the army to Colombia to force Colombian leaders to accept the American offer.
B
Which of the following best accounts for the success of Standard Oil? A) Its scientists found new technical processes for refining oil more efficiently. B) Its corporate structure—known as vertical integration—allowed the company to grow tremendously. C) It bought out the Erie Railroad in order to keep transportation charges low. D) Rockefeller was lucky to find the highest-quality oil on his Ohio farm. E) It was one of the first companies to invest heavily in advertising.
B
Who was president when the United States acquired the right to build a canal across Panama? A) William McKinley B) Theodore Roosevelt C) William Jennings Bryan D) Woodrow Wilson E) Grover Cleveland
B
Why was Helen Hunt Jackson's book A Century of Dishonor so influential? A) It inspired the modern-day preservationist movement by focusing attention on the decline of the buffalo. B) It affected American attitudes toward Indians similar to how Uncle Tom's Cabin mobilized the abolitionist movement a generation earlier. C) It provoked an intensification of efforts to exterminate the Native American population. D) It forced the New South to acknowledge racial equality. E) It mobilized black opinion to fight discrimination in the South.
B
Why was there a growth of craft unions during the Civil War? A) Unskilled laborers were constitutionally prohibited from unionizing. B) The war sparked an increased demand for skilled labor. C) Craft unions would not have to admit the freedmen. D) The end of slavery flooded the labor market with workers. E) The American education system expanded dramatically during that period.
B
A major reason that the United States annexed the Philippines despite anti-imperialist opposition in the United States was because: A) Filipino leader Emilio Aguinaldo requested annexation. B) Americans wanted to avenge their defeat in the Philippine-American War. C) the islands were located very close to China and China's potential markets. D) anti-imperialist William Jennings Bryan agreed to become the civil governor of the territory. E) the Philippines offered the largest and most developed untapped market in the entire Eastern Hemisphere.
C
As a result of Japan's show of strength in the Russo-Japanese War: a) Congress voted financial and military aid to Korea to help prevent a Japanese invasion of the Korean peninsula B) Americans cut a deal with Korea to protect the Open Door C) Americans began to doubt the security of the Philippines D) America was quick to send money and support troops to aid Russia E) Congress lifted the limitations it had previously set on Japanese immigration
C
Benjamin Harrison lost the popular vote in the 1888 election. How was he able to win the presidency? A) Corruption by the political machines affected the outcome. B) The House of Representatives voted to overturn the election results. C) He earned a majority of the electoral votes. D) He ran in and won the 1892 election. E) His opponent died before he could take office.
C
Black migrants to the West were called Exodusters because: A) most were ex-crop dusters. B) most saw the West as an exotic destination. C) they were often making their exodus from the South. D) their bodies were extremely dusty after the long trip. E) they carried exodermic infections.
C
During the depression of 1893, unemployment hovered around: A) manufacturing jobs, but not the service sector. B) as high as 75 percent in New York. C) 20 percent. D) 50 percent. E) every industry, particularly construction.
C
How did the American Federation of Labor differ from the Knights of Labor? A) The AFL was controlled by anarchists, while the Knights were statists. B) The AFL had no national leader, while the Knights looked to Terence Powderly. C) The AFL was a federation of national organizations, each of which retained a large degree of autonomy, while the Knights organization was more centralized. D) The AFL was affiliated with Republicans, while the Knights supported Democrats. E) The AFL was socialist while the Knights were capitalists.
C
In the Battle at the Little Bighorn River in 1876: A) Sitting Bull scouted for the United States against his own people. B) Chief Red Cloud was captured and murdered. C) some 2,500 Indians annihilated a detachment of 210 soldiers. D) General George Custer's troops defeated the Cherokee and Seminole Indians. E) Sioux and Cheyenne Indians won a large chunk of the Montana Territory, which they kept for fourteen years.
C
In the late 1800s, the South experienced major increases in the production of all of the following areas EXCEPT: A) coal. B) tobacco products. C) automobiles. D) lumber. E) textiles.
C
In the late nineteenth century, the least likely place you would find a woman spending her leisure time was: A) on a bicycle. B) at the movies. C) at a saloon. D) at a dance hall. E) at a public park.
C
Jane Addams is best associated with: A) leading the Molly Maguires. b) supporting Mother Jones. C) Hull-House. D) Knights of Labor. E) Waters Street House.
C
Mugwumps were centered in: a) the Far West and major universities. b) the land grant colleges across the country. c) large cities and major universities in the Northeast. d) the Midwest and small colleges. e) the agricultural colleges of the South.
C
Redeemers were all of the following EXCEPT: A) pro-business. B) conservative. C) members of the Republican party. D) white politicians. E) members of the Democratic party.
C
Residents of Puerto Rico became citizens of the United States: A) before the Spanish-American War. B) by moving to Cuba. C) nearly two decades after the island was acquired by the United States. D) as part of the original annexation. E) never.
C
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877: A) was led by Samuel Gompers. B) won higher wages for railroad workers. C) ended when the workers, who lacked organized bargaining power, returned to work. D) began when Irish workers refused to work alongside Chinese. E) did not have the support of the public at first, but as the strike (and its violence) spread, so did public sympathy for the strikers.
C
The Mississippi Plan: A) gave blacks confiscated land. B) guaranteed black voting rights. C) stripped blacks' voting rights. D) guaranteed black civil rights. E) stripped blacks of their civil rights.
C
The Platt Amendment did all the following EXCEPT: A) lead the establishment of the U.S. naval base at Guantanamo Bay B) acknowledge the right of the united States to intervene whenever it saw fit C) provide for the American annexation of Cuba D) sharply restrict Cuba's independence E) prohibit Cuba from impairing its independence by signing a treaty with a third power
C
The Platt Amendment: A) set up the Army Yellow Fever Commission under Dr. Walter Reed. B) called for Spain to pay for all war reparations. C) sharply restricted the independence of Cuba's new government. D) arranged for a Cuban election to decide the issue of annexation. E) granted U.S. citizenship to inhabitants of Puerto Rico.
C
The battleship Maine: a) delivered Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders from Tampa to Cuba b) carried arms to the Cuban insurrectionist c) exploded in Havana Harbor and fueled calls for war with Spain d) sank the entire Spanish fleet in Manila
C
The city of Chicago annexed the city of Pullman after: A) a city referendum. B) a successful strike by the American Railway Union. C) George Pullman died. D) Eugene Debs won his court case. E) anarchists took over the town.
C
The de Lôme letter: A) revealed the location of Spanish troops in Cuba. B) was the first of the Cuban insurrectionists' overtures for peace. C) referred to President McKinley as a weak and cowardly leader. D) promised Mexico all of the Gadsden Purchase if they attacked Texas. E) blamed the destruction of the battleship Maine on Spanish agents.
C
The factor most responsible for making farming on the plains more difficult was its: A) wind storms. B) lush forestation. C) unforgiving environment and mercurial weather. D) vastness. E) steep elevation.
C
The fight for survival in the trans-Mississippi West made men and women: A) come to an understanding that women would play a subservient role on the frontier. B) realize their mistakes that led them to follow a very nomadic lifestyle. C) more equal partners than were their eastern counterparts. D) mentally instable. E) have a mutual hatred for Native Americans.
C
The first transcontinental railroad: A) was completed in 1844. B) was John D. Rockefeller's first business initiative. C) was built by the Central Pacific and the Union Pacific Railroads. D) led to the bankruptcy of "Commodore" Vanderbilt. followed a southern route through Texas and the E) E) Arizona and New Mexico Territories.
C
The main idea of reform Darwinism was that: A) for society to truly reform, any "imitation" of welfare must cease. B) government should not interfere with business. C) cooperation, not competition, would best promote progress. D) humans, made in the image of God, should not be included among the animals when discussing Darwinism. E) man continued to evolve according to Darwin's principles of natural selection.
C
The phrase "Gilded Age" implied that the era was characterized by: A) poverty. B) socialism. C) greed. D) charity. E) communism.
C
The treaty ending the Spanish-American War: A) was ratified in the Senate over the protests of William Jennings Bryan. B) provided for Spain to pay to the United States $10,000 for each American soldier killed in the war. C) was initially opposed by most Democrats. D) said that Spain could keep Guantánamo Bay. E) provided for Hawaiian autonomy.
C
This export crop spurred growth in agriculture in the West during the late nineteenth century. A) cotton B) cattle C) wheat D) rice E) corn
C
Western imperialism in the late nineteenth century was stimulated by all of the following EXCEPT: A) the desire to Christianize Africa and Asia. B) an ongoing quest for markets. C) the fear that Bolshevik ideas might advance around the globe. D) notions of racial superiority. E) an ongoing quest for raw materials.
C
What is "yellow journalism"? A) It was a derogatory insult directed by many Americans toward Japanese journalists in the early twentieth century. B) It refers to the practice by many financially struggling newspapers of using recycled yellowed newsprint during the 1890s depression. C) It refers to sensationalist news coverage that was designed to sell papers and manipulate public opinion. D) It refers to the "scared" journalists who filed their stories from Key West, Florida, during the Spanish-American War. E) It speaks to the use of propaganda in underground newspapers published by the Cuban insurrectionists.
C
What was a "fifty-niner"? A) a congressional representative from frontier district fifty-nine B) someone who played for the first organized sports franchise based in California C) a miner who came to Colorado following several new discoveries made in 1859 D) someone in the 1870s who lived beyond the average life expectancy of fifty-eight E) a cowboy on the verge of mandatory retirement at age sixty
C
Why was Alabama named the "Pittsburgh of the South"? A) It was Andrew Carnegie's birthplace. B) It had the same population size as Pittsburgh. C) It was an iron center. D) It had pirates. E) It lacked racial segregation.
C
hy did Theodore Roosevelt send the "Great White Fleet" on a world tour between 1907 and 1909? A) to conquer new colonial territories for the United States B) to defeat the Boxer Rebellion in Peking C) to demonstrate that the United States had arrived as a world power D) to fight the Japanese effort to conquer the Philippines E) to avenge the surprise Russian attack on U.S. forces in Manila Bay
C
"Cowtown" refers to: A) the destinations of cattle shipped from the West. B) Chicago. C) the open ranges where cattle roamed free. D) towns that grew up in the West as a result of the expanding cattle industry. E) Indian trading depots where cattle were traded for other goods.
D
"Nativists" believed that: A) American Indians were the preferred source of workers. B) religion had no place in the public sphere. C) Chester A. Arthur was foreign-born and not a real U.S. citizen. D) immigrants threatened traditional American culture. E) immigration was a boon to the American economy.
D
A transcontinental railroad was not built before the Civil War because: A) the technologies for building long tunnels through the Rockies did not exist. B) many southern states used the states' rights argument to reject federal aid for railroads. C) Congress refused to consider federal subsidies for a private railroad. D) North-South sectional differences prevented Congress from selecting a route. E) the Appalachian Mountains presented great engineering problems.
D
Aflred Thayer Mahan: A) was a German who influenced American imperial thought. B) was little known until Roosevelt read his work. C) thought a canal in Central America was a waste of money. D) argued that sea power was essential to national greatness. E) published his best-known book during the Civil War.
D
After 1890, most immigrants were: a) from Mexico. b)members of the professional class. c)from northern and western Europe. d) from southern and eastern Europe. e) of Teutonic and Celtic origin.
D
All of the following statements are reasons why child labor was problematic EXCEPT: A) child laborers often received no education. B) the few child labor laws that existed were rarely enforced and often ignored. C) children suffered three times as many accidents as adults. D) child laborers took well-paying jobs from legal immigrants. E) a child working in a textile mill was only half as likely to reach the age of twenty as a child outside a mill.
D
Around 1900, saloons did all of the following EXCEPT: A) provide public restrooms for poor people. B) offer mail services. C) serve alcohol. D) serve as a great place for immigrant men to meet women. E) provide refuges for the homeless.
D
As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States: A) acquired Cuba as a colony. B) acquired Alaska. C) suffered a huge financial strain and went into a depression. D) emerged as an imperial power. E) was deeply divided between war supporters and opponents.
D
By the end of the Spanish-American War: A) America's victory could be attributed in large part to expert preparation. B) America finally settled the question of freedom of the seas. C) horses proved essential for the Rough Rider victory. D) more American soldiers had died from disease than battle. E) the American victory in the decisive battle at Santiago depended on assistance from German forces.
D
Emilio Aguinaldo: A) became the face of resistance in Samoa. B) led the Spanish forces at San Juan Hill. C) was installed as Cuba's governor in 1898. D) was the Filipino rebel leader. E) was the martyred leader of the Cuban rebellion.
D
From the end of the Civil War to the turn of the century: A) average wages and earnings declined. B) innovation in business remained stagnant. C) farm production declined. D) corporations grew in size and power. E) fewer women and children worked.
D
Herbert Spencer: A) cowrote On the Origin of Species with Charles Darwin. B) was the influential president of Harvard University. C) invented the modern game of basketball. D) coined the phrase "survival of the fittest." E) was the first person to earn a Ph.D. from an American university.
D
Holding companies: A) were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1868. B) allowed J. Pierpont Morgan to build a monopoly in the oil-shipping business. C) were outlawed in New Jersey in 1888. D) are firms that control the stock of other companies. E) were firms where union membership was required.
D
Interconnected transportation and communications networks were essential to the origins of the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States because: A) there would have been no immigration to the United States without them. B) they provided Andrew Carnegie the opportunity to earn his fortune. C) they allowed Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell to travel abroad to study. D) they facilitated the emergence of a national and even international markets for American goods and services. E) the South would have won the Civil War without them.
D
John Fiske: A) founded an all-black college in Tennessee. B) was one of the earliest government officials to speak out against imperialism. C) used Darwinian concepts to show how American expansionism hurt the people of the areas America annexed. D) was a historian and lecturer who stressed the superior character of Anglo-Saxon peoples and institutions. E) was a minister who added the sanction of religion to the expansionists' argument.
D
King Cotton survived the Civil War and expanded over new acreage: A) even as synthetic materials were invented in the 1890s. B) because the U.S. government now gave farmers new subsidies. C) due to expanding its export market. D) because traditional overplanting of the crop continued. E) in spite of growing claims of collusion in the marketplace.
D
President McKinley called the Hawaiian Islands: A) insignificant. B) "the cesspool of the Pacific." C) "the ripe pear of the Orient." D) a place "we need." E) "the gateway to the East."
D
The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was: A) declared constitutional. B) placed under the jurisdiction of the court. C) replaced by the Civil Rights Act of 1876. D) declared unconstitutional. E) endorsed by the Democratic party.
D
The Comstock Lode refers to: A) a reservation set aside for Indians in Texas. B) the largest mountain in the Rockies. C) a cattle drive that ran through Ohio. D) a mining discovery of gold and silver in Nevada. E) a black disenfranchisement plan promoted by the Bourbons.
D
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 was provoked by: A) concerns over workplace safety. B) worker demands for paid vacations. C) the deaths of four children in an explosion at Pullman's factory. D) wage cuts that followed a depression. E) the railroad's refusal to hire blacks and women.
D
The Haymarket affair: A) marked the beginning of the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions. B) took place in San Francisco. C) led to passage of the Foran Act of 1885. D)was blamed on seven anarchist leaders despite a lack of evidence. E) was started by the Knights of Labor.
D
The Homestead strike: A) involved workers at the Homestead Tobacco Company. B)took place in Montana but involved other farmers on the Great Plains. C)reflected Henry Clay Frick's compassion. D)was waged against a Carnegie company. E)was a victory for the union.
D
The Indian tribe that defeated Custer and put up the greatest resistance to U.S. domination was the: A) Crow. B) Blackfoot. C) Comanche. D) Sioux. E) Apache.
D
The Knights of Labor declined for all the following reasons EXCEPT: A) popular fears that the organization was too radical. B) its leadership was devoted more to reform than to the nuts and bolts of organization. C) the Haymarket affair discredited the union. D) its leader Terence Powderly died. E) their preoccupation with local politics.
D
The National Labor Union: A) was led by Alfred Chandler. B) opposed the eight-hour day for employees of the federal government. C) was less concerned with political and social problems than in bargaining with employers. D) was influential in getting Congress to enact an eight-hour workday for federal employees. E) opposed reforms such as cooperatives and equal rights for women and blacks in favor of simply bargaining with employers to get the best working conditions and wages possible.
D
The New South gospel emphasized all the following EXCEPT: A) better education. B) industrialization. C) racial harmony. D) women's rights. E) sectional peace.
D
The Open Door policy: A) pledged economic aid to struggling Latin American republics. B) closed Chinese immigration except for spouses and children of men already in America. C) allowed a certain number of Japanese immigrants into the United States each year in return for special trading rights with Japan. D) proposed that foreign powers keep the China trade open to all nations on an equal basis. E) allowed Cubans to enter the United States and Americans to enter Cuba freely.
D
The Roosevelt Corollary: A) rescinded most of the provisions of the Monroe Doctrine. B) encouraged American bankers to help finance the shaky Latin American governments. C) justified the use of marines in Morocco. D) stated that the United States could intervene in the affairs of Latin American countries to forestall the intervention of other powers. E) justified American intervention in the Far East.
D
The Supreme Court decision Munn v. Illinois was significant to understanding the power of government to regulate industry because: A) it denied the right of state and local governments to regulate industry essential to the public welfare. B) it upheld the sweeping power of the federal government to regulate any industry in any fashion it saw fit. C) it denied the federal government any power to regulate any industry. D) it upheld the right of state and local governments to regulate industry essential to the public interest. E) it decided that all government regulatory power over industry rested with city and town governments.
D
The Workingmen's Party of California: A) ended when the 1877 railroad strike ushered in better working conditions. B) folded when Grant sent the military to occupy the mines. C) campaigned (unsuccessfully) for restrictions on Mexican immigration. D) was based on anti-Chinese sentiment. E) was the political wing of the National Labor Union.
D
The historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that: A) the United States would become the world's leading power. B) America would have to find "new" Indians to conquer. C) equality has always been this country's leading ideal. D) the frontier shaped America's national character. E) America's culture is largely a copy of Europe's.
D
The reason that Chester A. Arthur did not win a second term in 1884 is that: A) he pledged to serve only one term after replacing the assassinated James Blaine. B) he switched parties. C) he was elected to the presidency with less than half of the popular vote. D) the Republican party leaders were not pleased with his first-term record and did not nominate him to run for a second term. E) he died in office.
D
To reward Theodore Roosevelt for his vigorous campaigning on behalf of William McKinley in 1896, the new president appointed Roosevelt: A) secretary of the interior. B) secretary of state. C) secretary of the navy. D) assistant secretary of the navy. E) as his running mate that same year.
D
What distinguished the Farmers' Alliances from the Granger movement? A) The Grangers supported "free-silver" economic policies, while the Alliances supported the gold standard. B) The Grangers focused solely on social and recreational activities, while the Alliances focused solely on political action. C) The Grangers were predominantly a wing of the Democratic party while the Alliances were predominantly a wing of the Republican party. D) The Grange was a national organization that tended to attract more prosperous farmers, while the Alliances were grassroots organizations filled with struggling farmers. E) The Grangers supported low tariffs, while the Alliances supported high tariffs.
D
What do cholera, typhoid, and yellow fever all have in common? A) They are all food-related diseases. B) They are all air-related diseases. C) They are all genetic disorders. D) They are all water-related diseases. E) They are all sexually transmitted diseases.
D
What was the purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act? A) It gave individual Indians up to 520 acres of land. B) It was designed to sever ties the Native Americans had with Canada. C) It made Native Americans U.S. citizens. D) It sought to "Americanize" Indians by dealing with them as individuals. E) It made the Ku Klux Klan illegal.
D
When Americans led an overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in the early 1890s: A) Cleveland stabilized the new government by sending in the marines. B) native Hawaiians once again became the dominant political force. C) Japan came in and took over the islands. D) it was impurely done. E) Hawaii immediately became a U.S. colony.
D
When it came to steel, Andrew Carnegie did all the following EXCEPT: A) know how to organize a steel company. B) promote it. C) hire men of expert ability to help him run his business. D) have technical expertise in it. E) sell it.
D
Which region of the United States had the greatest proportion of urban dwellers? a. the Northeast b. the South c. the middle Atlantic d. the Far West e. the Great Plains
D
Six states were created from the western territories in the years 1889-1890. These states were not admitted before 1889 because: A) Democrats in Congress were reluctant to create states out of territories that were heavily Republican B) if large mining firms had been forced to pay state taxes, they would have had to close down C) the lawlessness of many western towns discouraged Congress from admitting the territories as states D) the cattle ranchers lobbied for continued open range as regulated by the territorial legislatures E) polygamy, as practiced by the Mormons in the West, was unacceptable to Congress
Democrats in Congress were reluctant to create states out of territories that were heavily Republican
All of the following groups were prominent in the West during the late nineteenth century EXCEPT: A) Indians. B) cowboys. C) Exodusters. D) miners. E) slaves.
E
As president, Rutherford B. Hayes tried to: A) sue Congress. B) switch political parties. C) prevent war. D) balance the budget. E) stay above the party bickering.
E
As railroads spread into Texas and across the plains, the cattle business: A) diminished in significance. B) experienced no significant impact. C) went bankrupt. D) was taken over by southerners. E) spread with them.
E
Commodity prices during the Gilded Age declined in large part because of: A) "free-silver" policies. B) low American tariff rates. C) lazy farmers. D) rampant inflation. E) overproduction and international competition in world markets.
E
Congress passed the Homestead Act: A) to encourage the railroads to build a transcontinental road out of the north. B) to build militias in Indian country. C) to place Indians on reservations. D) because the big ranchers lobbied for it. E) to encourage settlement of the western lands.
E
During the Spanish-American War, Theodore Roosevelt: A) served as secretary of the navy. B) fought in Puerto Rico. C) destroyed the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay. D) was a war correspondent for the New York Journal. E) took part in the land fighting in Cuba.
E
During the campaign for the presidential election of 1884, many prominent Republican leaders and supporters left the party because: A) the party refused to take a firm stand on the tariff. B) the Mugwumps had gained power within the party. C) they would not vote for Grant to serve a third term. D) they would not vote for a woman as vice president. E) letters were discovered linking candidate James G. Blaine to the railroads.
E
Middle-and upper class urban families spend much of their leisure time: a.) helping poor people. b.) traveling out west. c.) working long hours at menial jobs for very low wages. d.) in saloons. e) .together at home playing games or reading books.
E
One method that executives used to fight unions was: A) discredit them. B) murder their leaders. C) deport their leaders. D) infiltrate them with spies. E) use the government.
E
One of the causes of the 1893 depression was failure of: A) the stock market. B)President Cleveland to regulate the railroads. C) the commodity price index. D) housing starts in 1891 and 1892. E) the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad.
E
President Grover Cleveland's response to the Pullman strike was to: A) declare his sympathy for the strikers. B) order George Pullman to restore his workers' wages. C) appoint Eugene Debs to his cabinet. D) socialize the industry by allowing the government to manage the company. E) send federal troops to keep the trains running.
E
Proponents of creating a "New South" argued that the Confederacy lost the Civil War because: A) slavery was unsustainable. B) of its inept military leadership. C) the Union embraced more desirable cultural values. D) the southern elite were soft and undisciplined. E) it relied too much on King Cotton.
E
Realists' emphasis on closely observing everyday life grew out of: A) social Darwinism. B) socialism. C) transcendentalism. D) reform Darwinism. E) the scientific spirit.
E
The "yellow peril" was: A) a mosquito-borne disease. B) a racially charged description of Panama. C) a late nineteenth-century style of politically influential journalism. D) tuberculosis. E) a racially charged description of a perceived threat from Japan.
E
The Hay-Herrán Treaty: A) failed to pass the U.S. Senate. B) made the purchase of Alaska possible. C) ended the insurrection in the Philippines. D) ended the Spanish-American War. E) concerned America's right to build a canal in Panama.
E
The United States acquired all of the following as a result of the Spanish-American War EXCEPT: A) Guantánamo Bay. B) Puerto Rico. C) Guam. D) the Philippines. E) Panama.
E
The major champion of the New South gospel was: A) J. L. M. Curry. B) John Ruffin Green. C) C. Vann Woodward. D) Edmund Ruffin. E) Henry W. Grady.
E
The very poor generally did not migrate to the West because: A) they were only qualified to work in factories. B) western communities prohibited the settlement of poor people. C) they had everything they needed in their native communities. D) it was easier to migrate to the South. E) they generally could not afford the expense of transportation, land, and supplies.
E
Thomas Alva Edison invented the: A) mechanized cotton textile weaver. B) heavier-than-air airplane. C) air brake for trains. D) telephone. E) first lightbulb.
E
Who once said that warfare was the best way to promote "the clear instinct for race selfishness"? A) Bryan B) Hearst C) McKinley D) Pulitzer E) Roosevelt
E
Who was a prominent tobacco executive in the South during the late nineteenth century? A) H. L. Mencken B) Joe Camel C) Henry Grady D) Roy Bean E) James Buchanan Duke
E
Why was Lester Frank Ward's Dynamic Sociology considered a challenge to William Graham Sumner's "social Darwinism"? A) Ward embraced "survival of the fittest," while Sumner embraced "survival of the smartest." B) Ward believed that humans had no control over their destiny, while Sumner argued the opposite. C) Ward denied the existence of evolution, while social Darwinism was based entirely on the scientific theory of evolution. D) Ward was a Democrat and Sumner was a Republican. E) Ward argued that cooperation among people better promoted progress, while Sumner believed in competition.
E
Why was Theodore Roosevelt picked as William McKinley's running mate for the 1900 election? A) Roosevelt's calm and conservative approach to politics nicely balanced McKinley's more radical inclinations. B) Roosevelt needed a job. C) He was chosen in order to prevent William Jennings Bryan from picking Roosevelt. D) McKinley was secretly suffering from a fatal disease, and Republican leaders wanted Roosevelt to succeed him. E) Roosevelt was a popular figure from his exploits in the Spanish-American War and had been a strong public supporter of McKinley.
E
Why was the Fort Laramie Treaty, signed in 1851, significant to westward expansion? A) It stated that Indian reservations could apply for statehood. B)It ended the Indian wars. C) It removed the remaining Indians to reservations. D) It limited white emigration to 10,000 people per year. E) It allowed white emigrants to travel on the trails of Plains Indians unmolested.
E
Why was the development of cast-iron and steel-frame construction techniques significant to the growth of cities? A) They demonstrated the value of female ingenuity. B) The growth of streetcars depended on such techniques. C) They were the primary engines of job growth. D) They were invented by immigrant laborers. E) They allowed developers to erect high-rise buildings.
E
William Graham Sumner: A) wrote "The Gospel of Wealth," a social Darwinist justification for accumulated wealth. B) preached that the law of God and the laws of nature were one and the same. C) was one of the most outspoken opponents of Darwinism in America. D) wrote System of Synthetic Knowledge. E) argued in his book Folkways that it was a mistake for the government to interfere with established customs.
E
Joseph glidden:
Invented barbed wire
The head of the National Labor Union was:
William Sylvis
The so-called frontier thesis is problematic because, among other things, it: a) exaggerated the homogenizing effect of the frontier environment and virtually ignored the role of women. b) argued that the frontier was an insignificant force for American history. c) claimed Indians did more to shape the frontier than white settlers did. d) suggested the frontier could endure limitless expansion. e) said the American frontier experience was identical to the experiences endured by all developed nations.
a
During the Gilded Age, the rich were getting richer and: a) the poor were getting poorer b)neveryone was getting rich c) many other people were at least better off d) there were no disparities in the distribution of wealth e) rags-to-riches stories abounded
a lot of other people were at least better off
All of the following factors helped accelerate economic growth after the Civil War except: a. the abundance of natural resources in the United States, the development of labor saving machinery b. whites provided equal public facilities for blacks. c. federal and state policies aimed at limiting foreign competition d. the use of prison labor by railroad companies e. innovative, bold leadership from energetic entrepreneurs
d
Why was the Interstate Commerce Commission created? a) to encourage increased imports of foreign goods b) to expand American exports c) to boost the dairy industry d) to regulate railroads e) to clean up corruption in politics
d
Membership in the American Federation of Labor at first: A) reflected the growing membership of agricultural workers. B) was primarily African American. C) reflected the growing membership of the unskilled worker. D) grew rapidly. E) grew slowly.
grew slowly
The invention of electric motors did all of the following EXCEPT: A) led to the development of streetcars. B) led to the bankruptcy of the Edison Electric Illuminating Company. C) made it possible for factories to locate wherever they wished. D) contributed to the development of suburbs. E) led to the development of elevators.
led to the bankruptcy of the Edison Electric Illuminating Company.
The American Federation of Labor: a) was primarily concerned with securing concrete economic gains b) was formed in 1869 but experienced most of its growth in the early years of the twentieth century c) was a federation of industrial unions; craft unions could not join until 1948 d) could claim as members almost half of all industrial workers in 1900 e) believed that unions with large numbers of immigrants hurt labor's cause
was concerned more with concrete economic gains than with social or political reforms
For industrial workers in Gilded Age America: a) real wages fell because of rising prices b) a forty-hour work week was the standard c) government regulations provided a safe work environment d) working and living conditions remained precarious e) forging a work permit for children was seen as taboo
working and living conditions remained precarious