History Alive! Ch. 19 The North and The South
Industrial Revolution
the dramatic change in economies and cultures brought about by the use of machines to do work formerly done by hand
the south after the cotton gin
Cotton became the south's most important crop and required more slaves
Who invented the cotton gin?
Eli Whitney
How did northern geography cause the north to develop differently from the south?
In the North, geography such as harbors encouraged shipbuilding, fishing and commerce; the land and climate supported harvesting timber and crops such as corn and wheat.
How were goods mainly transported in the North?
In the North, goods were mainly transported by railroad but also by steamboats.
How were goods mainly transported in the South?
In the South, goods were mainly transported by river.
How did southern geography cause the south to develop differently than the north?
In the South, the climate and land was ideal for warm-weather crops like cotton, rice and sugarcane.
economy of north
In the north, new inventions of the Industrial Revolution, led to the development of mills and factories. Increasing number of people went to work as wage earners in a variety of trades, factories and other businesses based on machines
Describe what is meant by "internal improvements."
Internal improvements were designed to connect the states through new roads, fast ships and canals and more railroads to deliver goods quicker
society of the north
Most people were neither wealthy nor powerful but believed with hard work, they could become rich; most lived on farms but towns and cities were growing. Although slavery was illegal, most African Americans were not treated as equals to whites. Immigrants from Europe came and settled in cities.
Describe what life was like for a free African American in the North.
Northern free African Americans were free, but not treated as equal to other citizens. They were not allowed to vote, hold office, serve on juries or attend white churches or schools.
What was suggested to improve delivery of factory goods to distant customers?
South Carolina Congressman John C. Calhoun said "Let us bind the republic together with roads and canals." He called these INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS
Explain how the industrial revolution changed the North.
The North grew rapidly as people moved away from farming to the cities and towns, believing that hard work in factories, mills and other trades and businesses would create a good life; of the 50 largest urban areas, only 12 were in the south; immigrants also swelled the northern population
Why did the North have more immigrants than the South?
The North had more immigrants than the South, because all of the northern states had taken steps to end slavery.
Who was FOR the "internal improvements?'
The North was for building new roads and railroads as they did most of their deliveries by land and they needed quick routes to deliver to distant customers.
Explain how the industrial revolution changed the South.
The South continued to count on agriculture to support the economy, which relied on slave labor. People travelled by ship and trains. The wealthy had great influence and power
Why did the South not have as big of an interest for mills and factories like the North?
The South put their money in land and slaves.
Who was AGAINST the "internal improvements?"
The South. Most southern towns were built along waterways so they delivered their goods via ships for low cost. They didn't have access to railways as the North did. As long as they had slaves, their way could be preserved and they thought the improvements would only benefit the North.
Describe what the economy of south was based on.
The economy of the south was based on agriculture; most white Southerners were agrarians who favored farming as a way of life; plantation owners used slaves to grow cash crops such as tobacco, rice, sugarcane and indigo.
Why was the land in the South was so ideal?
The fertile soil and warm climate of the South made it ideal for large-scale farms and crops like tobacco and cotton.
Who were the "internal improvements" for?
The internal improvements of new roads and canals were done to help factory owners who needed fast, inexpensive ways to deliver their goods. The National Road was built across the Appalachians to connect Western to Eastern states. Erie Canal linked the Hudson River to Lake Erie.
What encouraged immigrants from Northern Europe to come to America in the 1800's?
The potato famine in Ireland drove Irish to America and failed revolutions in Germany drove Germans to America.
What invention had a major impact on the North in the same way as the cotton gin did in the South?
The reaper, invented by Virginia farmer Cyrus McCormick, could cut 28 times more grain than a single man using a scythe.
internal
inside or withins
Describe the impact of railroads for citizens and the economy in the 1800's.
The steamships and railways allowed for more travel in the North and for goods to be shipped easier and faster.
What invention drastically reduced the labor needed to plow a field?
The steel-tipped plow, invented by John Deere, drastically reduced the amount of labor needed to plow a field.
How did the cotton gin impact life in the South?
Using the cotton gin, a single worker could clean as much cotton as 50 laborers working manually; cotton became the South's most important crop; by 1860 sales of cotton overseas earned more than all other exports combined
society of the South
Wealth was measured in terms of land and slaves; a rigid structure with a few rich plantation owners at the top, white farmers and workers in the middle and slaves at the bottom. Most African Americans were slaves.
unorganized
messy, not organized
climate of south
mild winders and long, hot, humid summers. long growing seasons.
transportation in the south
mostly by rivers
innovation
new idea, method, or invention
immigrants
people who move from one country to another
immigrant
person who moves from one country to another. Such a movement is called immigration.
geography of the south
swamps and marshes; dry ground, inland and in the Appalachian Mountains for planting; thick pine forests; Atlantic shoreline; broad, flat rivers
deforestation
the clearing away of forests; the forests had good farming soils so settlers in the Plains states cleared forests to make farms
steamboat
a boat powered by a steam engine; river travel was faster and cheaper than land travel; steamboats quickly moved upstream against a river's current
mill
a factory; cotton mills used machines to spin cotton into thread and weave the thread into cloth
society
a group of people generally associated or viewed as members of a community
cotton gin
a hand operated machine that cleans seeds and other unwanted material from cotton
plantation
a large area of privately owned land where crops were grown through the labor of workers, usually slaves, who lived on the land
innovation
a new idea, method or invention
agrarian
a person who favors an agricultural way of life and government policies that support agricultural interests.
industrialist
a person whose wealth comes from the ownership of industrial businesses and who favors government policies that support industry
Explain how the industrial revolution changed the country.
a shift from making things by hand to making and doing things faster with machines; products produced by a new class of factory workers as well as industrialists; goods were produced cheaper by less-skilled laborers; South worried that the North would threaten their way of life.
geography of the north
diverse: rocky shores, rolling plains, rocky soil, broad rivers with rich soil, forests with good farming soil led to deforestation;
drastically
extremely or suddenly
climate of north
four very distinct seasons, from frozen winters to hot, humid summers.
transportation in the north
highways, steamboats, canals, railroads
internal
inside or within
hostility
unfriendly feelings or angry feelings or behavior
hostility
unfriendly or angry feelings or behavior
manually
using human effort, not electricity or other power