History chapter 10 (9th grade)

Gilded Age

The period after the Civil War until about 1896.

What was the primary effect of Native Americans being confined to reservations?

Their nomadic way of life was increasingly restricted

Settlers moving west

They wanted a better living. They also got letters from family/friends on how much there life was better. The most important reason they moved west was because they could buy land.

Cross of Gold

Was said by William Jennings Bryan, a former United States Representative from Nebraska, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago on July 9, 1896. In the address, Bryan supported "free silver", which he believed would bring the nation prosperity.

Election of 1896

Was the 28th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 3, 1896. Former Governor William McKinley, the Republican candidate, defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan.

Homestead Act

Were several laws in the United States by which an applicant could acquire ownership of government land or the public domain, typically called a "homestead."

1896 Presidential election

William McKinley defeat Democrat William Jennings Bryan in a campaign considered by historians to be one of the most dramatic and complex in American history.

Helen Hunt Jackson

Writer that believe native and settlers should live in peace.

Chief Satanta

a Kiowa war chief. He was a member of the Kiowa tribe, born around 1820.

Sodbusters

a farmer that plows land

Nez Perce

a member of a North American people of central Idaho, northeastern Oregon, and south-eastern Washington

Boom towns

a town undergoing rapid growth due to sudden prosperity.

President Grant is remembered as a corrupt president because he

allowed members of his administration to engage in corruption

"There are three great crops raised in Nebraska. One is the crop of corn, one a crop of freight rates, and one a crop of interest. One is produced by farmers who sweat and toil to farm the land. The other two are produced by men who sit in their offices and behind their bank counters and farm the farmers."—Farmers' Alliance, 1890 What opinion does this quote imply

Farmers are unfairly exploited by businessmen

What conflict arose between farmers and ranchers settling western lands?

Farmers demanded water rights from ranchers

The United states was changed from Economic by (essay)

More farming, hurt by tornadoes and luscious, they go into debt (more technology comes out lowers prices for crops), railroads ( ship goods) , belief in god (farmers)

"If you strike off into the broad, free West, and make yourself a farm from Uncle Sam's generous domain, you will crowd nobody, starve nobody, and neither you nor your children need evermore beg. . . ."—Horace Greeley, New York Tribune, February 5, 1867 What group is Horace Greeley forgetting in the quote above?

Native Americans

What powerful position did William Marcy Tweed hold?

New York City's Democratic Party boss

Massacre at Wounded Knee

Occurred on December 29, 1890, near Wounded Knee Creek on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in the U.S. state of South Dakota.

Gold rush

People were finding gold in California and Alaska.

The united states was changed by politics by (essay)

Populist party, farmers alliance, Past interstate commerce act, regulate railroads, free silver, Williams Jennings Briante (president that helps poor and farmers)

President Grant corruption

Scandals and corruption.There was an attempt to assassinate Ulysses S.Grant presidential administration from 1869 to 1877. Jay and James wanted to have a monopoly on gold. This caused Black Friday and the Whiskey Ring.

Manifest Destiny

The 19th-century belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

"The man who is employed for wages is as much a businessman as his employer... The farmer who goes forth in the morning and toils all day, begins in the spring and toils all summer, and by the application of brain and muscle to the natural resources of this country creates wealth, is as much a businessman as the man who goes upon the Board of Trade and bets upon the price of grain."—William Jennings Bryan, "Cross of Gold" speech In this excerpt from his speech, Bryan is implying that

every worker contributes to the growth of the economy

"Our country finds itself confronted by conditions for which there is not precedent in the history of the world; our annual agricultural productions amount to billions of dollars in value, which must, within a few weeks or months, be exchanged for billions of dollars' worth of commodities consumed in their production; the existing currency supply is wholly inadequate to make this exchange; the results are falling prices, the formation of combines and rings, the impoverishment of the producing class. We pledge ourselves that if given power we will labor to correct these evils by wise and reasonable legislation, in accordance with the terms of our platform. . . ."—Preamble, Populist Party Platform What solution did the Populists propose to solve the problem of crop prices not meeting their cost of production?

minting silver coinage to increase inflation

Tammany Hall

the name given to the Democratic political machine

Spoils system

the practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.

Chief Joseph

was a leader of the Wallowa band of the Nez Perce Tribe, who became famous in 1877 for leading his people on an epic flight across the Rocky Mountains.

William "Boss" Tweed

was an American politician most notable for being the "boss" of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics

As a whole, the presidents of the Gilded Age could best be described as

weak

"I love to roam over the prairies.. . . . [B]ut when I go down to the river I see camps of soldiers on its banks. These soldiers cut down my timber; they kill my buffalo. . . . We have to protect ourselves. We have to save our country. We have to fight for what is ours."—Chief Satanta In this quote, Chief Satanta is explaining

why the Native Americans to continue their way of life

The united states was changed by Westward expansions by (essay)

Manifest destiny is driving it, gold, land, Homestead Act, boom towns come out by gold mines, railroads, Native Americans, Wounded Knee, Little Big Horn (every guy gets killed) , regulations, Sand Creek massacre (the village gets wiped out) , Closes grate frontier (ends conflict with manifest destiny )

Which type of people were most likely to support the Populist Party in the 1890s?

small farmers

Coinage act of 1873

the act puts you on the gold standard

Pendleton Civil Service Act

the act that makes government officials to have an exam made to get rid of.

Reservations

the action of reserving something.

Transcontinental Railroad

A 1,912-mile continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Omaha, Nebraska/Council Bluffs, Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay.

Crazy Horse

A Lakota war leader of the Oglala band in the 19th century. He took up arms against the United States federal government to fight against encroachment by white American settlers on Native American territory and to preserve the traditional way of life of the Lakota people.

Chinese Exclusion Act

A United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers.

Sod houses

A common type of home built by Homesteaders in the grass covered prairies of the western plains of the United States.

Coinage Act of 1873

A general revision of the laws relating to the Mint of the United States. When silver prices dropped in 1876, producers sought to have their gold bar struck at the Mint, only to learn that this was no longer possible.

Sand Creek Massacre

A massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho people by the U.S. Army in the American Indian Wars that occurred on November 29, 1864, when a 675-man force of Colorado U.S. Volunteer

Ghost Dance

A new religious movement incorporated into numerous Native American belief systems.

Political Machine

A political group in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts.

Populist Party

A revolt by farmers in the South and Midwest against the Democratic and Republican Parties for ignoring their interests and difficulties. For over a decade, farmers were suffering from crop failures, falling prices, poor marketing, and lack of credit facilities.

Horace Greeley

American newspaper editor who is known especially for his vigorous articulation of the North anti slavery sentiments during the 1850s.

William Jennings Bryan

An American orator and politician from Nebraska. Beginning in 1896, he emerged as a Dominant force in the Democratic Party, standing three times as the party's nominee for President of the United States

Farmers' Alliance

An organized agrarian economic movement among American farmers that developed and flourished ca. 1875

Farmers Alliance

An organized agrarian economic movement among American farmers that developed and flourished ca. 1875.

How was William Jennings Bryan different from the majority of other presidential candidates of the era

He the nation, doing his own complaining

Open range system

In the Western United States and Canada, open range is range land where cattle roam freely regardless of land ownership.

The Prophet

Is a book of 26 prose poetry fables written in English by the Lebanese-American poet and writer Kahlil Gibran. It was originally published in 1923 by Alfred A. Knopf. It is Gibran's best known work.

How did the federal government affect the practice of mining in the West?

It provided land and patients for new inventions for large mining companies

"I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed. Looking Glass is dead. Toohulhulsote is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led the young men is dead. "It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are—perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. "Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever."—Chief Joseph Which overall theme can best be inferred from this speech?

The Nez Perce were hopelessly outnumbered and worn down

"There is not among these three hundred bands of Indians one which has not suffered cruelly at the hands either of the Government or of white settlers. The poorer, the more insignificant, the more helpless the band, the more certain the cruelty and outrage to which they have been subjected. . . It makes little difference where one opens the record of the history of the Indians; every page and every year has its dark stain. . . ."—Helen Hunt Jackson, 1881 In this quote, Helen Hunt Jackson is giving her support to

allowing the Native Americans to continue their way of life

Helen Hunt Jackson

an American poet and writer who became an activist on behalf of improved treatment of Native Americans by the United States government.

"When we cease to teach the Indian that he is less than a man; when we recognize fully that he is capable in all respects as we are, and that he only needs the opportunities and privileges which we possess to enable him to assert his humanity and manhood; when we act consistently towards him in accordance with that recognition; when we cease to fetter him to conditions which keep him in bondage, surrounded by retrogressive influences; when we allow him the freedom of association and the developing influences of social contact—then the Indian will quickly demonstrate that he can be truly civilized, and he himself will solve the question of what to do with the Indian."—Captain Richard H. Pratt, 1892 In this statement, Captain Pratt is most likely advocating which of the following for the Native Americans?

assimilation into mainstream culture

Dawes General Allotment Act

authorized the President of the United States to survey Native American tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Native Americans. Those who accepted allotments and lived separately from the tribe would be granted United States citizenship.

The government contributed to the building of the transcontinental railroad by

awarding loans and land grants to private companies to build the railroad

Thomas Watson

fighting about racist believes it won't achieve anything.

In their platform, the Populists included provisions for

free silver, a progressive income tax, and an eight hour day

What step did the Populist Party support to reduce the cost of railroad shipping?

having national government control the railroads

Farmers favored inflation because it would

increase crop prices

Bankers supported deflation because this policy would

increase the value of money

What attracted many Asians to the United States in the late 1800s?

jobs with american railroad companies

One of the reasons that political machines gained power in the late 1800s was that they

provide jobs and other help for immigrants

The main objective of the nativists was to

restrict immigration

Which of the following best characterizes urban areas by the early 1900s?

slums and tenements

Nativist groups such as the American Protective Association supported

the teaching of only American culture in schools

Thomas Watson

the voice of the Populist Party. In his later years, however, he was known as a divisive and racist politician.

Civil service system

those branches of public service concerned with all governmental administrative functions outside the armed services.