History Chapter 12

Item which was more scarce and expensive in Great Britain, as opposed to the U.S., which in the opinion of Secretary of Treasury Albert Gallatin led to the slow growth of manufacturing in the U.S.

land

Allowed the British to sell their goods and products easier than American made goods, which in turn discouraged Americans from building new factories.

lower prices

Process of producing large numbers of identical goods efficiently which was sped up by the use of interchangeable parts

mass production

Item which, in the late 1700s, was made by hand in a time-consuming manner, with no two parts exactly alike.

musket

Invention developed by the wife of the above mentioned person.

new cotton thread

To protect their textile industry, the country mentioned above made it illegal for skilled mechanics or what other items to leave the country.

plans

Growth caused by improved agriculture and roads.

populations

Location where merchants began to build large textile mills because of the power source provided.

rivers or streams

Most early _____________. where workers refused to work until their demands were met, were unsuccessful, mainly because of courts and the ________________ supported the companies and not the workers

strikes police

Tools used to produce items or to do work.

technology

Cloth items, the manufacture of which became the first important breakthrough of the period mentioned above.

textiles

Both skilled and unskilled workers formed ____________________, groups that tried to improve pay and working conditions.

trade unions

The person mentioned above in #16 was elected _________________________ of the New England Working Men's Association in 1845.

vice president

Telegraph #2

A

Telegraph #1

B

Life at Home

C

Steam Power

C

Ringing _______________ ordered workers to breakfast or lunch during the 12-to-14 hour workday, and ___________________________ caused health problems

Cotton Dust

To compete with factories, shop owners had to hire more __________________________ and pay them ______________.

Crafts people less

Farm Equipment

D

Inventor who promised the U.S. government to build 10,000 muskets within two years by using interchangeable parts.

Eli Whitney

By 1840 the United States laid more miles of railroad track than existed in Great Britain.

False

Chicago's population grew and became a transportation hub due to its location on Lake Supperior.

False

In the case of Gibbons vs. Ogden, the Supreme court rule against Thomas Gibbons because he did not have a license to practice in New York and he was operating steamboats on water owned by Aaron Ogden.

False

Peter Cooper's small locomotive called the Tom Thumb defeated a horse-drawn railcar in a race in 1830.

False

Railroad tracks in the United States could only be built on flat ground and used the least expensive materials available.

False

Senator Daniel Webster criticized the railroad due to the large amount of accidents caused by engineers trying to keep on schedule.

False

The demand for coal lessened in the 1870's as steel began to replace iron making the rails that the trains rode on.

False

The first steamboat ever invented was the Clermont, a full-sized commercial steamboat built by american Robert Fulton.

False

The transportation revolution, which was a period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel because of new methods of transportation, helped to reduce shipping time and costs mainly through the invention of the railroad and the automobile.

False

Trains could often travel on average about 20 miles per hour, twice as fast as a wagon.

False

Trains often arrived at their destinations late due to the engineers belief in safety at all costs.

False

While the Clermont was easily able to move downstream on the Hudson River, it was unable to travel against the current.

False

Country which had the world's most productive textile mills.

Great Britain

A period of rapid growth in using machines for manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s.

Industrial Revolution

President who witnessed the assembly of muskets by the above mentioned person from interchangeable parts.

John Adams

Francis Cabot Lowell developed the ________________________________ which hired young, unmarried women from local farms to work at the water powered textile mills that included a ___________ that could both spin thread and weave cloth at the same time.

Lowell System loom

The _________________________ were paid between $2 and $4 each week, with $1.25 charged for room and board, wages which were much better than elsewhere.

Lowell girls

_____________________ made certain jobs in mills easy for children to preform, and mill owners profited because they could pay the children ___________________________.

Machines lower wages

President ___________________________ granted a 10-hour workday for many federal employees, as opposed to an 12 to 14 hour workday which was normal.

Martin van Buren

Region of the country where most textile mills, due to the available capital and the abundance of rivers and streams were built.

Northeast

While several states, including Connecticut and _____________ passed 10 hour workday laws, many others did not.

Ohio

Location where the above mentioned person along with his partners opened a textile mill.

Pawtucket, Rhode Island

The hiring of families and dividing work into simple tasks was called the _____________________________________.

Rhode Island system

Englishman who invented a large spinning machine called a water frame that could produce dozens of cotton threads at the same time, lowering the cost of cotton cloth by increasing the speed of production.

Richard Arkwright

Skilled mechanic who disguised himself as a farmer along with carefully memorized designs of textile machines immigrated to the United States.

Samuel Slater

_______________________________ founded the Lowell Female Labor Reform Association, with one goal being to obtain a _______________________________.

Sarah Bagley ten hour workday

Former president who had once opposed manufacturing, but now realized that the U.S. was too dependent on imports.

Thomas Jefferson

Coal, which was more efficient, started to replace wood as a fuel source for trains, steamboats, cooking, light, and heat.

True

Even though steam boats and trains led to the national economy, wealth in the U.S. was centered in the North.

True

Railroads which linked almost every major city in the U.S. by 1860 allowed manufacturers and farmers to transport their products to distant markets.

True

Steam-powered trains were first developed in Great Britain and did not become popular in the United States until the 1830s.

True

The demand for steel fueled the need for more railroads to carry products to market

True

The logging industry grew as people needed wood for items such as building supplies and paper led to deforestation in some areas.

True

While cities grew and new towns emerged due to the railroads, towns which did not have a railroad suffered.

True

The coal mining industry developed in states such as Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Illinois.

Ture

Lowell's first textile mill was opened in _______________________, Massachusetts, with larger mills being being built later in Lowell, Massachusetts.

Waltham

Event which preventing American customers from getting European manufactured products forcing Americans to purchase American manufactured goods.

War of 1812

The people mentioned above were encouraged to take classes and form ___________________________.

Women's Clubs

Economic activity chosen by the South rather than the textile industry.

agriculture

Samuel Slater and his partners often used _________________________, young men who worked for several years to learn the trade, who often grew tired of the simple jobs assigned them and frequently _______________.

apprentices left

Along with shoemakers and carpenters, people considered to be a skilled worker.

blacksmith

Union supporters fought for labor reform to put an end to _______________ labor in factories during the 1800s.

child

The ________________________ sold food and necessary items to the textile workers, machine part makers, and dam builders.

country store

Slater started the practice of paying workers with ______________ at his company store which allowed him to _______________________ his money in his business.

credit reinvest

The practice of hiring entire ________________ allowed Slater to fill his labor needs at a low cost.

families

While steamboats were able to move goods quickly and thus more cheaply, they were limited to travel on rivers and small lakes.

fasle

Family members usually responsible for spinning cotton or wool into thread and then using a hand loom to weave the thread into cloth.

females

Item which business people wanted northern politicians to pass so as to protect american companies from foreign goods.

higher tariffs

Wages of factory workers became lower due to ______________________ from poorer countries and the ___________________________ which caused unemployment for many people.

immigration Panic of 1837