History Chapter 27

Cuba

(JFK) , , an international crisis in October 1962, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR. When the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island; the Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the U.S. demands a week later, on condition that US doesn't invade Cuba

Explain how Americans gradually increased their influence over Hawaii's economy and government in the nineteenth century

America's early influence can be traced to two main groups within Hawaii. The first group was comprised of protestant missionaries sent to the Hawaiian islands to convert the Hawaiians to Christianity. They exerted a powerful influence on the Hawaiian monarchy and by extension the Hawaiian people. The second group were merchants, especially those catering to the whaling ship fleet which called on the Hawaiian islands for supplies.

Pearl Harbor

American base in Hawaii that was bombed by Japanese planes on December 7, 1941. The bombing of Pearl Harbor forced the United States to enter the war.

Manila Bay

American military operations began with a stunning naval victory directed by Commodore George Dewey over the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay, resulting in the U. S. occupation of the Philippine Islands. In the Caribbean, the United States invaded Cuba, captured Santiago, occupied Puerto Rico, and destroyed Spain's only remaining battle fleet, forcing Spain's surrender in August 1898.

Grover Cleveland

American president who refused to annex Hawaii on the grounds that the native ruler had been unjustly deposed

John Hay

American secretary of state who attempted to preserve Chinese independence and protest American interests in China

Matthew C. Perry

Commodore of the United States Navy and commanded a number on ships.

China

Country that became Communist in 1949. It helped North Korea in the Korean War.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Filipino leader of a guerilla war against American rule from 1899 to 1901

Ferdinand de Lesseps

French diplomat and developer of the Suez Canal, which joined the Mediterranean and Red Seas

Hawaiian Islands

From 1893 to 1898, American expansionists tried to annex the Hawaiian Islands

George Dewey

Naval commander whose spectacular May Day victory in 1898 opened the doors to American imperialism in Asia

Describe Commodore Matthew Perry's objective in entering Edo Bay, the negotiations that took place between him and the Japanese officials, and the result of these negotiations.

On 8 July 1853, Matthew Perry brought a four vessel American fleet into Edo Bay in a bold challenge to a Japanese law that forbade such actions. This naval force, showcased around two advance steamer warships, intended to initiate diplomatic negotiation with the Japanese the next day in a peaceful and formal manner. Apprehension over the Japanese reaction to such an aggressive move worried the officers and crewmen of the American fleet until until the early morning hours of the next day.

William McKinley

President McKinley President during the war for Cuba. Ultimately pushed into war by the American public. Considered to have the backbone of a chocolate eclair.

Sanford B Dole

President of Hawaii until his goverment secured Hawaii's annexation by the United States

Kettle Hill

The battle that had the dramatic uphill charged by the Roughriders and two African-American regiments. It cleared the way for the important San Juan Hill

Describe the circumstances surrounding the explosion of the battleship Maine and the American response to that event

The explosion which destroyed the battleship USS MAINE in the harbor of Havana, Cuba on the night of February 15, 1898 was a blast which would continue to echo around the Americas for many years to come. In response to the destruction of the ship, Washington sent American troops and warships to intervene in the Cuban revolt against Spanish colonial rule, and to attack other parts of the Spanish colonial empire, including the Philippines. This attack on Spanish possessions was the first American war against a foreign power since the Mexican-American War of 1845-48.

Describe the results of the Spanish-American War, including the ensuing war in the Philippines

War ended by signing the Treaty of Paris on on December 10, 1898. As a result, Spain lost control over Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines Islands, Guam, and other islands

William Howard Taft

Was the Phillipines civil govenor. Came up with the term "little brown friends"

Forbidden City

a walled section of Beijing that encloses the palace that was formerly the residence of the emperor of China

Alfred T. Mahan

control of sea was key to world dominance, and argued for Panama Canal

Queen Liliuokalani

native Hawaiian ruler overthrown in a revolution led by white planters and aided by U.S. troops

Describe the foreign policy known as expansion or imperialism, and explain what motivated the United States to adopt this policy in the nineteenth century

stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations

Philippine Islands

the scene of the first important action of the Spanish-American War

Millard Filmore

13th president of the U.S. He supported Navy expeditions to open trade in japan, opposed French designs on Hawaii, and embarrassed by Lopez's expeditions to Cuba

Benjamin Harrison

23rd president who included the McKinley Tariff and the Sherman Antitrust Act

Puerto Rico

A U.S. territory; the U.S. gained it from Spain as a result of the Spanish-American War. People here have U.S. citizenship, and many here would like it to be a U.S. state.

Nicaragua

A country where there was some political turmoil and the US got involved- "Sandinistas"

Santiago

Capital of Chile

Beijing

Capital of China

Havana

Capital of Cuba

Describe Teddy Roosevelt's role in completing the Panama Canal

He loved the position and loved the press as well; very bold and liberal Republican. The president can do whatever he wants so long as the constitution doesn't prohibit it

Theodore Roosevelt

Imperialist advocate, aggressive assistant navy secretary, Rough Rider

Guam

In 1898, this was taken by the United States as a result of the Spanish American War.

Nagasaki

Japanese city devastated during World War II when the United States dropped the second atomic bomb on Aug 8th, 1945.

Joseph Pulitzer

Publisher of the St. Louis Post Dispatch and the New York World, he used yellow journalism

Define the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

Questionable extension of a traditional American policy declared an American right to intervene in Latin American nations under certain circumstances

Panama

Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States, it opened in 1915.

San Juan Hill

Site of the most famous battle of the Spanish-American war, where Theodore Roosevelt successfully leads the Rough Riders in a charge against the Spanish trenches

Explain the "spheres of influence" that existed in nineteenth-century China, how they affected United States trade in China, and how John Hay's Open Door policy would have changed the economic situation there.

The policy proposed to keep China open to trade with all countries on an equal basis, keeping any one power from total control of the country, and calling upon all powers, within their spheres of influence, to refrain from interfering with any treaty port or any vested interest, to permit Chinese authorities to collect tariffs on an equal basis, and to show no favors to their own nationals in the matter of harbor dues or railroad charges.

Edo Bay

Tokyo. The port Commodore Matthew Perry stormed into in 1853 and demanded trade, and showed how Japan was defenseless against American vessels.

William Rudolph Hearst

Vigorous promoter of sensationalistic anti-Spanish propaganda and eager advocate of imperialistic war