History Chapter 6
inflation
A continuous rise in the price of goods and services
Why was it important fr France to recognize the independence of American colonies?
France would get an ally in America, by helping them with money and supplies.
The Americans claimed to fight for liberty and freedom. How did these ideals make women and enslaved Africans question their positions in society?
It showed that they did not have equal rights or the same opportunities as white men.
What fighting method did the Americans use to keep the British from taking the Southern Colonies?
guerrilla warfare
What effect did the Patriot victory at Kings Mountain produce?
new support for independence from Southerners. They wanted to see the end to the war that was destroying their homes and farms.
privateer
privately owned merchant ships equipped with weapons
How did women help in the war effort
The took over the businesses and farms, cooked for the troops and help the sick.
What might have happened if the French fleet had not arrived at Yorktown?
Washington and his soldiers may not have defeated Cornwallis. Because they may have been able to escape by sea.
Graphic organizer pg. 187 describe the terms that the Americans agreed to in the Treaty of Paris.
1. British merchants could collect debts owed by Americans 2. Congress would advise the states that property taken from Loyalists was to be returned to them
Graphic organizer pg. 183 list the reasons why the Americans were able to defeat the British in the Revolutionary War.
1. British were not fighting on their home land 2. America's victory at Yorktown 3. America got help from other nations
1. What British General was trapped at Yorktown? 2. How did the French Navy help the Americans win the war?
1. Cornwallis 2. It kept Britain from Yorktown and Cornwallis' troops could not escape by sea.
What were three reasons the Americans were successful in their fight?
1. Fought on their home land 2. Help from other countries 3. The people wanted their freedom
How did America's fight for independence influence other countries?
1. Influenced the French Revolution 2. Inspired slaves to fight for freedom in Saint Dominque
Graphic Organizer pg. 176 describe what happened when the Continental Congress tried to finance the war by printing money.
1. The bills quickly lost their value, because the amount of bills in circulation grew faster than the supply of gold baking them. 2. Inflation - it took more and more money to buy the same amount of goods.
What if Washington had stepped down?
1. soldiers might have left the army 2. European countries may not have provided support to America
Study the maps on pages 180 and 181. 1. Who won the battle at Cowpens, South Carolina 2. Who won the battle at Kings Mountain, South Carolina? 3. Whose forces did George Rogers face at Vincennes?
1. the Americans 2. the Americans 3. Henry Hamilton's forces
guerrilla warfare
A hit-and-run technique used in fighting a war
What problems did the Continental Congress face in raising an army to fight during the American Revolution?
Americans were unwilling to transfer power to the Continental Congress, difficulty enlisting and raising money for the war.
Why was guerrilla warfare effective against the British?
Because it caught the British off guard. The British did not know anything about guerrilla warfare technique
Why did Patrick Henry believe that war was necessary?
Because the Americans had been trying for 10 years to discuss independence with Britain
Why did Washington decide to advance on the British camp at Yorktown?
Because the French were not going to New York
Graphic Organizer pg. 162 British and American advantages and disadvantages in the spaces provided.
British advantages - Strongest navy in the world, well-trained army, and wealth, and a much larger population than the United States British disadvantages - Waged war in a faraway land, forced to ship soldiers and supplies. American advantages - fighting on their own land, George Washington led the fighting, and troops were fighting for the freedom of their own land. American disadvantages - lacked a regular army and a strong navy, lacked military experience and weapons and ammunition were in short supply.
Compare the strengths of the British and American military forces.
British strength - Strongest navy in the world, well-trained army, and wealth, and a much larger population than the United States American strengths - fighting on their own land, George Washington led the fighting, and troops were fighting for the freedom of their own land.
Causes and Effects of French American Alliance in 1778
Causes - Longstanding hostility between Britain and France. Conflict between Britain and France during French and Indian War, and victory at Saratoga boosts French confidence in Patriots Effects - France lends money to the Continental Congress, France sends soldiers and ships to help American forces, and Americans win independence.
From what port did George Rogers Clark's troops set out?
Fort Pitt
What Europeans nations fought with the Americans against the British?
France and Spain
Look at the painting on page 185. Describe how the artist tries to focus the viewers attention on George Washington
George Washington is in the center of the painting.
Graphic Organizer pg. pg. 182 describe the results of the battle at Guilford Courthouse.
Green's army was forced to retreat General Cornwallis abandoned the campaign due to heavy losses.
How did Thomas Paine help the Patriots during the Revolutionary War?
He boosted the American determination by publishing a pamphlet called, The Crisis
How did Lafayette help the Patriot cause?
He came to America with enthusiasms and fellow supporters and became an aide to Washington.
How did John Paul Jones contribute to the war effort?
He raided British ports, he caused the surrender of English vessel the Serapis and became a naval hero.
What influence did the American Revolution have around the world
It inspired the French Revolution. And the ideals of freedom and equal rights
Why was the Battle of Saratoga an important victory for the Americans?
It prevented the British from driving a wedge between New England and the Middle Colonies
Why did the British think their military forces were superior to those of the Americans
Its forces were larger and had more experience. Britain had the most powerful Navy in the world.
Graphic Organizer pg. 172 describe how each person helped the Americans fight for independence.
Layfayette - became a trusted aide to George Washington Pulaski -he fought for the Continental Army Von Steuben - he taught the Continental Army military disciplines DeMiralles - Sent financial aid to the Patriots
What British outposts did George Rogers Clark's troops capture?
Kaskaskia and Vincennes
What were some of the problems the troops faced during the winter at Valley Forge?
Lack of for, clothing and supplies. Very harsh winter conditions, illness and lack of morale
What disadvantages did the Patriots face?
Lacked a regular army and a strong navy, lacked military experience and weapons and ammunition were in short supply.
Graphic Organizer pg. 168 Describe each battle, including its outcome, in the space provided.
Long Island - Continental Army was defeated by by British forces, the Americans ran short of supplies. The Continental Army retreated to Pennsylvania Trenton/Princeton - Washington and his troops trailed across the Delaware River and surprised the British troops on Christmas night. They defeated the British army and drove them to Princeton.
Why was the total number of soldiers in the Continental Army decreasing?
Many soldiers were killed. Some soldiers completed their terms of service and went home. Other soldiers ran away.
Why do you think the British found it easier to capture American cities than to take over the American countryside?
Patriots were very familiar with the terrain of the countryside and they also used guerrilla warfare
Reviewing Key Facts pg. 188
Reviewing Key Facts pg. 188
Section 1
Section 1
Section 2
Section 2
Section 3
Section 3
Section 4
Section 4
Why did Loyalists support Britain?
Some because they were members of the Anglican Church, some depended on their jobs, others feared the disorder that would come from challenging the established government
What was the outcome of the Battle of Trenton?
The Americans captured 900 Hessians.
Why was fighting on their own land an advantage for the Patriots?
The Americans were familiar with the surrounding, so they could plan ambushes.
Examine the map on page 165. Which event came first, the British capture of New York, or the British capture of Philadelphia?
The British capture of New York
Explain why must Native Americans sided with the British in the conflict
The British seemed to present less of a threat than the Americans did. Native Americans knew the Americans wanted to expand into their lands
How did the British navy use the location of the colonies to their advantage?
The colonies were around the Atlantic Ocean, this let the British blockage the harbors.
What advantage did the Patriots have over the British mercenaries?
The mercenaries were only fighting for money. For the Patriots the war was personal
How did the French help the Patriots win the war?
The supplied ships, troops, leaders and money.
Explain why African Americans were willing to enlist in the Continental Army?
They believed in the Patriot cause, they needed money, to earn their freedom,
Why did many Native Americans give their support to the British?
They knew that many Americans wanted their land.
Explain why the French did not publicly support the Americans until after the Battle of Saratoga?
They realized that the Americans had a chance of defeating Britain.
Describe how the French navy helped George Washington at Yorktown?
They stopped Cornwallis and his troops from escaping by sea.
How were the Loyalists treated by the Patriots during the war?
They were shunned. Some became victims of mob violence, some were arrested and tried as traitors and a few were executed.
What contributions did women make during the war?
Took over the duties that had once been the responsibility of their husbands, other women ran their husbands' or their own businesses, championed women's interests like education.
Graphic Organizer pg. 177 describe the significance of key battles in the West and South.
Vincennes - strengthened the American position in the West Camden - became a difficult area for British forces to control Kings Mountain - brought new support for independence from Southerners Guilford Courthouse - General Cornwallis abandoned the Carolina campaign.
What victories did the American forces win in the West?
Vincennes, Cahokia, and Kaskaskia
What were the soldiers living conditions at Valley Forge?
Winter of terrible suffering. They lacked decent food, clothing and shelter.
ambush
a surprise attack
What ideas did Judith Sargeant Murray promote about education?
education for girls equal to that for boys
mercenary
hired soldiers to fight
Study the cause and effect on page 174. In what ways did France help the Americans in their fight for independence? What event led France to aid the Americans in the first place?
lent money o the Continental Congress, sent soldiers and ships to help American forces. The Battle of Saratoga
neutral
taking neither side in a conflict
Which battle convinced the British that fighting the Americans was too costly?
the Battle of Yorktown
blockade
the preventing of supplies ad reinforcements from reaching the Continental Army
ratify
to approve
recruit
to enlist soldiers
desert
to leave without permission
