HISTORY CHAPTERS 3-6
The term Jacksonian Democracy referred to a political philosophy that entailed?
A focus on the interests of common people and limiting federal power
What sparked the nullification crisis?
A high tariff passed by Congress in 1828
Why did the Whig Party emerge?
A stronger federal government to manage the economy
Why were many southern whites against the practice of manumission following the Revolution?
Afraid of slave revenge
John C. Calhoun favored the concept of nullification, which did what?
Allowed individual states to void federal laws they deemed unconstitutional
What is one factor that has caused the Constitution to endure more than 200 years? Why is the Constitution called a living document?
Amend it to fit times and needs
Analyze the map of the Missouri Compromise in your text, what did it seek to do?
Balance between slave and non-slave states
The key purpose of the Wilmot Proviso was what?
Ban slavery in all territories gained from Mexico
How did the British government attempt to solve the problems posed by the Treaty of Paris?
Banned colonial settlement west of the Appalachian
What change in British policy resulted from the end of the French and Indian War?
Began enforcing tax laws that had been largely ignored in the past
The image from British publication (The Horse America Throwing His Master) indicates?
Beginning to believe the American rebellion would succeed
Why did President Jackson focus on Indian removal in the South?
Believed Native Americans would never be civilized
Describe the viewpoint of colonial leaders in 1776 when writing the Declaration of Independence?
Believed that is would not be possible to remain part of the British Empire without sacrificing their best interests
What was the most widespread form of protest against the new laws passed by Parliament after the French and Indian War?
Boycotting British made goods
What city served as the country's largest commercial center?
Building of the Erie Canal
How did Spanish leaders stimulate New Mexico's population and economic growth?
By creating alliances with the American Indians
The "wise and salutary neglect" described in Edmund Burke, speech to House of Commons, March 22, 1775 led the British government to do what prior to the French and Indian War?
Colonists could avoid paying taxes on imports
What contributed to Apache and Comanche raids on colonial settlements in New Mexico?
Competition for buffalo
What issue did the Three-Fifths Compromise address?
Concerns about slave populations in states
What was the primary reason Spain founded the colonies of Texas and California?
Create buffer zones to protect towns and mines in Mexico
Who introduced manufacturing method of interchangeable parts in United States
Eli Whitney
How did Thomas Paine's Common Sense affect the move towards independence?
Encourages rebellion against the British
James Bowdoin, Governor of Massachusetts, gave a speech on January 12, 1787, what was he trying to say?
Enforce labor
What practice did all of the Spanish borderland colonies have in common?
Establishing missions
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
Europeans had no right to interfere with independent countries in the Americas
Which group was most affected by the Tariff of 1816?
Farmers
Many Mountain Men who created trails through the Rockies saw financial opportunities?
Fur trading
What key advantage did the Louisiana Purchase offer the United States?
Gained control of Mississippi
Which Supreme Court case established the power of the federal government to regulate interstate commerce?
Gibbons versus Ogden case
Who were the "Lowell Girls"?
Girls that worked in Francis Cabollts Lowell factories
What geographic factor contributed to San Francisco's growth after 1848?
Good harbor
Which factor gave France the greatest advantage over Britain in the competition for territory in North America?
Good relations France had with the American Indians
What inspired Marshall's Court's decisions?
Growth of corporations
State of Union Address list points that President George Washington supported
He supported more power of the federalist government and agreed on the whiskey taxation
Who was the principle author of the Missouri Compromise?
Henry Clay
The principle of popular sovereignty is most central to the selection of members of which government office?
House of Representatives
Those who favored loose construction and those who supported strict construction most strongly differed on which issues?
How strong the federal government would be
What was a significant effect of the War of 1812 on the nation?
Increase of nationalism
What reason best explains why the Federalists worked hard to win ratification in New York?
It was the wealthiest key state
The purpose of the 1851 Fort Laramie Treaty was to do what?
Keep natives away from the westward trails
What effect did the American Revolution have on the world?
Liberty and freedom became realistic ideas that could happen
The legislative branch has the power to do which of the following?
Make laws and levy taxes
Concept American expansionists used to justify westward territorial growth was called?
Manifest destiny
What were some effects of railroad and steamboat expansion?
More people and goods move between regions
Which provisions in the U.S. Constitution would Brutus be able to point to in order to support his theory?
Necessary and Proper Clause
The American Revolution changed the expectations of people in American society. How did the lives of African Americans, Native Americans, and women change?
No change
The Tariff of Abominations and subsequent nullification crisis signified a growing crisis in the United States over what?
North versus South
What was the main difference between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan?
Number of representatives in Congress that each state would have
What was Lowell able to offer women that was unusual for the time period?
Opportunities to work and greater financial independence
Which Constitutional principle is most central to ideas expressed in the Preamble?
Popular sovereignty
According to the Declaration of Independence, what is the fundamental purpose of government?
Protecting natural rights
The Federalist strategy for gaining ratification included what?
Protection for individual liberties
What happened during the Denmark Vesey's slave revolt?
Public debate in the south encouraged rebellion
One source of resentment among colonists in the late 1760s was the British government's use of tax money to pay for what?
Public officials who were loyal to the British government
After studying the map of the Trail of Tears, what was American policy in the early to mid-1800s aimed at doing?
Push Native Americans west
What was the The Adams-Onís Treaty?
Reduce regional tension by promoting national expansion
Why were proceeds from tolls collected at turnpikes?
Road maintenance
Study the Virginia and New Jersey plans. Compromises shaped the writing of the Constitution. How did the Great Compromise resolve the differences between these two plans?
Senate represents equality, House of Reps on population
How did hydraulic mining differ from placer mining?
Separated greater quantities of gold at a time
In what sense was Thomas Jefferson's election in 1800 a revolution?
Shifted away from federalist policy and ideology
The so-called Tariff of Abominations was passed by Congress not only to promote northern industry, but also to do what?
Show the ineffectiveness of President Adam's administration
Which issues led delegates to the Constitutional Convention to agree to the Three-Fifths Compromise?
Slavery in the southern states/population
Why was there increased voter turnout in the 1824 election?
State constitutions removed property requirement
What features of the Articles of Confederation most dramatically weakened the national government?
States had the power to tax
Which features of the Articles of Confederation most dramatically weakened the national government?
States had the power to tax
What did Robert Fulton do?
Steamboat
Which points would nearly all of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention agree?
Stronger national government and should be expanded
What assumption was fundamental to Patrick Henry's Virginia Resolves?
Taxation without representation is illegitimate
What was the Industrial Revolution?
Technological developments that transformed manufacturing
What were the Americans that negotiated the Treaty of Paris hoping for?
That they wanted Britain and the United States to benefit from a trade relationship
What crisis did the Whigs exploit to gain support for their 1840 presidential candidate, William Henry Harrison?
The Depression of 1837
The idea of individual rights promoted after the American Revolution and included in the Bill of Rights was based on ideas from which time period/ ideology?
The Enlightenment
Which of the following resolved the dispute between the Virginia and New Jersey plans?
The Great Compromise
Why did designers first begin manufacturing products with interchangeable parts?
The efficiency increased
What did the Alien and Sedition Acts demonstrate?
The federal government placed national interests above freedom of speech
What was the Trail of Tears?
The forced march of Cherokees from their lands in the Southeast to Oklahoma
By 1760, only about 1,200 colonists had settled in Texas because why?
The presence of Apache raiders was still a concern
Martin Van Buren's appointment as Secretary of State after Jackson's election is an example of what?
The spoils system
Why were many settlers in Florida and Georgia upset with the Seminoles?
They harbored runaway slaves
Once settlers arrived at the new homestead, how might they have replenished their supplies?
They made, gathered, or grew what they needed or they did without
Why did delegates adopt the rule of keeping discussions a secret during the Constitutional Convention?
They wanted to speak freely
How was the Mormons' decision to move westward different from other settlers from the East and Midwest?
They were fleeing religious persecution
What were the beliefs of the Loyalists?
They would benefit from continuing to support British rule
How was the idea of Manifest Destiny used to justify westward expansion?
Thought the United States had a right to own all of North America
Why did California statehood increase political tensions?
Threatened the Congressional balance between slave and free states
According to the Articles of Confederation, Article III the states entered into the Articles of Confederation for which purpose?
To protect each other against attacks
Unlike the First Continental Congress, the Second Continental Congress did what?
Took action to prepare for war
What effect did the Whiskey Rebellion have on the relationship between the Federalists and anti- Federalists?
United them in their determination to crush any threat that faced the republic
Look into Patrick Henry's work, what did he stand for/ believe in?
Unity among the American colonists
Many Loyalists resented the Patriots' willingness to do what?
Violate people's rights
Best describes how popular sovereignty ensures that the power of the government is limited?
elections and voting let them replace officials that don't represent what they want
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo forced Mexico to do what?
give up the Northern region of their country to the United States and pat the United States millions of dollars in war reparations
In Shays' Rebellion, struggling farmers in Massachusetts rebelled why?
When trade in the West Indies was cut off
The changes brought by the Treaty of Paris did the most to expand the political power of which group?
White property owning men
Why did settlers in the Northwest Territory want the Articles of Confederation amended or replaced?
Wanted a stronger national government to protect them from British and Native Americans
A significant reason why the new Whig political party formed was to do what?
Wanted another national bank
According to the Northwest Ordinance, 1787, what was the U.S. intending on?
Wanted to settle in rural lands occupied by Native Americans
Who was Samuel Slater?
Water powered textile mills
What was Spain's main motivation for helping the Patriots during the Revolutionary War?
Weaken the British (their main competitors)
The argument made in Federalist Papers No. 51 was an attempt to address which concerns?
What arrangements the Constitution make for ensuring limited government