HISTORY CHAPTERS 3-6

The term Jacksonian Democracy referred to a political philosophy that entailed?

A focus on the interests of common people and limiting federal power

What sparked the nullification crisis?

A high tariff passed by Congress in 1828

Why did the Whig Party emerge?

A stronger federal government to manage the economy

Why were many southern whites against the practice of manumission following the Revolution?

Afraid of slave revenge

John C. Calhoun favored the concept of nullification, which did what?

Allowed individual states to void federal laws they deemed unconstitutional

What is one factor that has caused the Constitution to endure more than 200 years? Why is the Constitution called a living document?

Amend it to fit times and needs

Analyze the map of the Missouri Compromise in your text, what did it seek to do?

Balance between slave and non-slave states

The key purpose of the Wilmot Proviso was what?

Ban slavery in all territories gained from Mexico

How did the British government attempt to solve the problems posed by the Treaty of Paris?

Banned colonial settlement west of the Appalachian

What change in British policy resulted from the end of the French and Indian War?

Began enforcing tax laws that had been largely ignored in the past

The image from British publication (The Horse America Throwing His Master) indicates?

Beginning to believe the American rebellion would succeed

Why did President Jackson focus on Indian removal in the South?

Believed Native Americans would never be civilized

Describe the viewpoint of colonial leaders in 1776 when writing the Declaration of Independence?

Believed that is would not be possible to remain part of the British Empire without sacrificing their best interests

What was the most widespread form of protest against the new laws passed by Parliament after the French and Indian War?

Boycotting British made goods

What city served as the country's largest commercial center?

Building of the Erie Canal

How did Spanish leaders stimulate New Mexico's population and economic growth?

By creating alliances with the American Indians

The "wise and salutary neglect" described in Edmund Burke, speech to House of Commons, March 22, 1775 led the British government to do what prior to the French and Indian War?

Colonists could avoid paying taxes on imports

What contributed to Apache and Comanche raids on colonial settlements in New Mexico?

Competition for buffalo

What issue did the Three-Fifths Compromise address?

Concerns about slave populations in states

What was the primary reason Spain founded the colonies of Texas and California?

Create buffer zones to protect towns and mines in Mexico

Who introduced manufacturing method of interchangeable parts in United States

Eli Whitney

How did Thomas Paine's Common Sense affect the move towards independence?

Encourages rebellion against the British

James Bowdoin, Governor of Massachusetts, gave a speech on January 12, 1787, what was he trying to say?

Enforce labor

What practice did all of the Spanish borderland colonies have in common?

Establishing missions

What was the Monroe Doctrine?

Europeans had no right to interfere with independent countries in the Americas

Which group was most affected by the Tariff of 1816?

Farmers

Many Mountain Men who created trails through the Rockies saw financial opportunities?

Fur trading

What key advantage did the Louisiana Purchase offer the United States?

Gained control of Mississippi

Which Supreme Court case established the power of the federal government to regulate interstate commerce?

Gibbons versus Ogden case

Who were the "Lowell Girls"?

Girls that worked in Francis Cabollts Lowell factories

What geographic factor contributed to San Francisco's growth after 1848?

Good harbor

Which factor gave France the greatest advantage over Britain in the competition for territory in North America?

Good relations France had with the American Indians

What inspired Marshall's Court's decisions?

Growth of corporations

State of Union Address list points that President George Washington supported

He supported more power of the federalist government and agreed on the whiskey taxation

Who was the principle author of the Missouri Compromise?

Henry Clay

The principle of popular sovereignty is most central to the selection of members of which government office?

House of Representatives

Those who favored loose construction and those who supported strict construction most strongly differed on which issues?

How strong the federal government would be

What was a significant effect of the War of 1812 on the nation?

Increase of nationalism

What reason best explains why the Federalists worked hard to win ratification in New York?

It was the wealthiest key state

The purpose of the 1851 Fort Laramie Treaty was to do what?

Keep natives away from the westward trails

What effect did the American Revolution have on the world?

Liberty and freedom became realistic ideas that could happen

The legislative branch has the power to do which of the following?

Make laws and levy taxes

Concept American expansionists used to justify westward territorial growth was called?

Manifest destiny

What were some effects of railroad and steamboat expansion?

More people and goods move between regions

Which provisions in the U.S. Constitution would Brutus be able to point to in order to support his theory?

Necessary and Proper Clause

The American Revolution changed the expectations of people in American society. How did the lives of African Americans, Native Americans, and women change?

No change

The Tariff of Abominations and subsequent nullification crisis signified a growing crisis in the United States over what?

North versus South

What was the main difference between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan?

Number of representatives in Congress that each state would have

What was Lowell able to offer women that was unusual for the time period?

Opportunities to work and greater financial independence

Which Constitutional principle is most central to ideas expressed in the Preamble?

Popular sovereignty

According to the Declaration of Independence, what is the fundamental purpose of government?

Protecting natural rights

The Federalist strategy for gaining ratification included what?

Protection for individual liberties

What happened during the Denmark Vesey's slave revolt?

Public debate in the south encouraged rebellion

One source of resentment among colonists in the late 1760s was the British government's use of tax money to pay for what?

Public officials who were loyal to the British government

After studying the map of the Trail of Tears, what was American policy in the early to mid-1800s aimed at doing?

Push Native Americans west

What was the The Adams-Onís Treaty?

Reduce regional tension by promoting national expansion

Why were proceeds from tolls collected at turnpikes?

Road maintenance

Study the Virginia and New Jersey plans. Compromises shaped the writing of the Constitution. How did the Great Compromise resolve the differences between these two plans?

Senate represents equality, House of Reps on population

How did hydraulic mining differ from placer mining?

Separated greater quantities of gold at a time

In what sense was Thomas Jefferson's election in 1800 a revolution?

Shifted away from federalist policy and ideology

The so-called Tariff of Abominations was passed by Congress not only to promote northern industry, but also to do what?

Show the ineffectiveness of President Adam's administration

Which issues led delegates to the Constitutional Convention to agree to the Three-Fifths Compromise?

Slavery in the southern states/population

Why was there increased voter turnout in the 1824 election?

State constitutions removed property requirement

What features of the Articles of Confederation most dramatically weakened the national government?

States had the power to tax

Which features of the Articles of Confederation most dramatically weakened the national government?

States had the power to tax

What did Robert Fulton do?

Steamboat

Which points would nearly all of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention agree?

Stronger national government and should be expanded

What assumption was fundamental to Patrick Henry's Virginia Resolves?

Taxation without representation is illegitimate

What was the Industrial Revolution?

Technological developments that transformed manufacturing

What were the Americans that negotiated the Treaty of Paris hoping for?

That they wanted Britain and the United States to benefit from a trade relationship

What crisis did the Whigs exploit to gain support for their 1840 presidential candidate, William Henry Harrison?

The Depression of 1837

The idea of individual rights promoted after the American Revolution and included in the Bill of Rights was based on ideas from which time period/ ideology?

The Enlightenment

Which of the following resolved the dispute between the Virginia and New Jersey plans?

The Great Compromise

Why did designers first begin manufacturing products with interchangeable parts?

The efficiency increased

What did the Alien and Sedition Acts demonstrate?

The federal government placed national interests above freedom of speech

What was the Trail of Tears?

The forced march of Cherokees from their lands in the Southeast to Oklahoma

By 1760, only about 1,200 colonists had settled in Texas because why?

The presence of Apache raiders was still a concern

Martin Van Buren's appointment as Secretary of State after Jackson's election is an example of what?

The spoils system

Why were many settlers in Florida and Georgia upset with the Seminoles?

They harbored runaway slaves

Once settlers arrived at the new homestead, how might they have replenished their supplies?

They made, gathered, or grew what they needed or they did without

Why did delegates adopt the rule of keeping discussions a secret during the Constitutional Convention?

They wanted to speak freely

How was the Mormons' decision to move westward different from other settlers from the East and Midwest?

They were fleeing religious persecution

What were the beliefs of the Loyalists?

They would benefit from continuing to support British rule

How was the idea of Manifest Destiny used to justify westward expansion?

Thought the United States had a right to own all of North America

Why did California statehood increase political tensions?

Threatened the Congressional balance between slave and free states

According to the Articles of Confederation, Article III the states entered into the Articles of Confederation for which purpose?

To protect each other against attacks

Unlike the First Continental Congress, the Second Continental Congress did what?

Took action to prepare for war

What effect did the Whiskey Rebellion have on the relationship between the Federalists and anti- Federalists?

United them in their determination to crush any threat that faced the republic

Look into Patrick Henry's work, what did he stand for/ believe in?

Unity among the American colonists

Many Loyalists resented the Patriots' willingness to do what?

Violate people's rights

Best describes how popular sovereignty ensures that the power of the government is limited?

elections and voting let them replace officials that don't represent what they want

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo forced Mexico to do what?

give up the Northern region of their country to the United States and pat the United States millions of dollars in war reparations

In Shays' Rebellion, struggling farmers in Massachusetts rebelled why?

When trade in the West Indies was cut off

The changes brought by the Treaty of Paris did the most to expand the political power of which group?

White property owning men

Why did settlers in the Northwest Territory want the Articles of Confederation amended or replaced?

Wanted a stronger national government to protect them from British and Native Americans

A significant reason why the new Whig political party formed was to do what?

Wanted another national bank

According to the Northwest Ordinance, 1787, what was the U.S. intending on?

Wanted to settle in rural lands occupied by Native Americans

Who was Samuel Slater?

Water powered textile mills

What was Spain's main motivation for helping the Patriots during the Revolutionary War?

Weaken the British (their main competitors)

The argument made in Federalist Papers No. 51 was an attempt to address which concerns?

What arrangements the Constitution make for ensuring limited government