History Final Exam
Many northerners were fearful of what they called:
"the slave power."
Prior to the Civil War, what fraction of white families owned slaves?
1/3
Athapascan migrations to America began in 5000 B.C.E. They arrived in the Southwest by:
1300 C.E.
Pilgrims founded Plymouth Colony in:
1620.
The number of African slaves imported to mainland British North America peaked between:
1751-1775
Ulysses S. Grant was made general-in-chief of Union forces in:
1864.
As late as 1820, about what percentage of farm products were consumed outside the local community?
20%
The population of the U.S. went from 5.3 million in 1800 to this in 1850.
23 million
In the ratification debate, a Federalist would have agreed with which of the following statements?
A strong national government is less susceptible to control by a single faction intent on limiting the rights of others.
Who, according to Jackson, made a "corrupt bargain" in the election of 1824?
Adams and Clay
The Middle Passage was the section of the triangular trade from:
Africa to America.
The most dramatic change in the status of African Americans in the North during the war was:
African American participation in military service.
One direct African influence on white Southern culture was:
African influence on cooking.
The Old Southwest claimed by the Spanish before 1795 covered areas that were mainly the future states of:
Alabama and Mississippi..
Which of the following events took place first?
Albany Conference.
Who proposed, unsuccessfully, that George Washington's portrait be placed on American coins?
Alexander Hamilton.
The predominant language group in New England was:
Algonquin.
Where did Spain build a chain of missions to protect their rich colony of Mexico?
Alta California
In the 18th century, the greatest area of North American land was controlled by the:
American Indians..
Samuel Adams' 1768 Circular Letter was a call for:
American colonial leaders to join together to resist British policies.
The British countered American objections to taxation by arguing that:
Americans enjoyed "virtual representation" in Parliament.
Which one of the following best describes a kiva?
Anasazi subterranean religious center
Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the putting-out system?
Apprenticing became more important..
Sherman began his March to the Sea after capturing:
Atlanta.
The fifteenth century Western European nations active in overseas exploration shared a/an:
Atlantic coastline..
Which of the following Mesoamerican cultures developed LAST?
Aztec
The dominant people in the Mexican highlands in 1519 were the:
Aztec.
Jackson' Indian removal policy also led to a "war" led by this Sauk and Fox chief.
Black Hawk
The Intolerable Acts were passed by Parliament to punish:
Boston and the colony of Massachusetts.
New Amsterdam became a part of the British empire because
Britain conquered it in an Anglo-Dutch war.
During the 18th century, local self-government grew most in:
British America.
One of the few issues conclusively settled by the Treaty of Ghent was:
British agreement to vacate western posts.
General Thomas Gage's appointment as governor of Massachusetts was evidence of:
British resolve to force the colonists into obedience.
The only candidate in the Election of 1856 to carry states nationally instead of sectionally was:
Buchanan.
This state was admitted as a free state in the Compromise of 1850.
California
In what area of North America were the largest populations of non-agricultural Indians concentrated?
California and the Pacific Northwest
The issue of slavery in the territories came to a head when:
California applied for statehood.
France's entry into the Revolutionary War forced Britain to change strategy to protect against attacks on:
Caribbean sugar colonies..
The southern part of early Carolina communities had a cultural character that was distinctly:
Caribbean.
Maryland was the only English colony in North America with a substantial MINORITY of:
Catholics
The "Trail of Tears" describes the removal to Oklahoma of what tribe?
Cherokees
The first slave society in the Western Hemisphere to attain self-sustained growth was:
Chesapeake
Virginia was centered on the:
Chesapeake Bay
After 1840, what city became the fast-growing hub of the western transportation system?
Chicago
Who first referred to Native Americans as "Indios"?
Christopher Columbus
What Ohio River city became a growing center of the western economy?
Cincinnati
Folsom technology was a refinement of what culture?
Clovis
In the early nineteenth century, these Indian tribes dominated the southern high plains.
Comanches and Apaches
The Native Americans who were the most dangerous and least assimilated were the:
Comanches.
The doctrine of "popular sovereignty" meant that:
Congress didn't know how to resolve sectional differences..
During the War of 1812, the U.S also fought a war against this Southern Indian confederation.
Creeks.
Grant's victory at Vicksburg combined with this admiral's capture of New Orleans gave the North control of the Mississippi River.
David Farragut
To attack Trenton and Princeton in December 1776 and January 1777, Washington had to make a winter crossing of the:
Delaware River.
Manifest Destiny got its strongest support from:
Democrats.
The French ambassador whose provocative actions prompted Washington to issue a Proclamation of Neutrality was:
Edmond Genêt.
The Glorious Revolution in England had significant implications for the colonies because:
England now had a constitutional monarchy.
One hundred years after Columbus, the nation whose interest in the new world enraged King Philip II was
England..
The planter elite consciously worked to create a lifestyle that resembled the:
English aristocracy.
In 1699, the Spanish declared this area a refuge for escaped British slaves.
Florida
Besides gaining territory from France in the Treaty of Paris of 1763, the British gained this area from Spain.
Florida.
The Adams-Onis Treaty gave the U.S. possession of:
Florida.
Grant gained control of the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers with the capture of:
Forts Henry and Donelson.
Whose American colonial possessions formed a huge "crescent"?
France
The "long lot" pattern of farm lands would be most likely to be found in areas originally settled by:
France.
The XYZ Affair was a result of a failed U.S. diplomatic mission to:
France..
Acadians—or Cajuns—are:
French Canadians resettled in Louisiana.
St. Augustine and Fort Caroline represent a collision of these two forces in Florida.
French and Spanish
One of the concessions made to Louisiana when acquired by the United States was the continuation of the:
French civil law.
New France metís habitants were:
French-Indian mestizos.
King William's War was primarily between the English and the:
French.
What English colony was founded as a result of Anglo-Spanish conflicts during the colonial wars?
Georgia
The bloodiest battle of the Civil War was:
Gettysburg.
The turning point of the Civil War, after which a Confederate victory was increasingly unlikely, was Lee's defeat at:
Gettysburg.
Which one of the following North American regions had the lowest population density in 1500?
Great Plains.
Many of the Republican economic measures passed during the war would have pleased:
Henry Clay.
As part of Northern resistance to the Mexican War, who went to jail rather than pay taxes that might support the war?
Henry David Thoreau
Moby Dick, a classic of American fiction, was written by:
Herman Melville.
Columbus established the first European colony in the Americas in:
Hispaniola.
During the first millennium BCE, what culture developed in the arid Southwest?
Hohokam
The Mississippian culture arose after the collapse of what culture?
Hopewell
The election of 1824 was decided by the:
House of Representatives.
By the middle of the eighteenth century, what region had the highest population?
Indian America
Under the encomienda system, Spanish landlords used the labor of:
Indian slaves.
Which one of the following is NOT true of the effects of French trade on Indian communities in the St. Lawrence Valley?
Indians profited more than the French
Jefferson advocated a policy of Indian removal to the trans-Mississippi west because he believed:
Indians who resisted assimilation could live undisturbed.
Before colonizing the Americas, England sent soldiers and colonists to subdue:
Ireland..
The two prominent language families of the Northeast on the eve of colonization were the:
Iroquoian and Algonquian
Many new technologies and most of Europe's trade with Asia in the late Middle Ages came to Europe through:
Italian trading cities such as Venice and Genoa.
As a result of the Creek War in 1814:
Jackson forced the Creeks to give up half their lands.
The Whig Party organized in response to:
Jackson's veto of the renewal of the Bank of the United States charter.
The War of 1812 was fought during the presidency of:
James Madison.
After war between England and France broke out in 1793, who most strongly preferred closer relations with France?
Jefferson and Madison
Who denounced the Tariff of 1828 and threatened nullification if the tariff policy was not changed?
John C. Calhoun
The diplomatic successes of the Monroe administration were largely due to the efforts of:
John Quincy Adams.
The MOST important piece of legislation passed by the first session of Congress was the:
Judiciary Act of 1789.
The northern half of Indian Territory was abolished in 1854 and replaced with the:
Kansas and Nebraska Territories.
The two modern states that made up much of the Indian Territory were:
Kansas and Oklahoma.
The Lecompton Constitution was an unsuccessful attempt to create a state government for:
Kansas.
The first trans-Appalachian states admitted to the Union were:
Kentucky and Tennessee.
Gains for the Union in 1861-1862 largely took place in:
Kentucky, Tennessee, and Arkansas.
In Common Sense, Thomas Paine placed the blame for America's problems on:
King George.
Metacom, leader of the Wampanoags, led a fierce but futile war against New Englanders known as
King Philip's War
The act which created a national currency was called the:
Legal Tender Act.
The Embargo Act was a response to the:
Leopard-Chesapeake incident.
The Lincoln-Douglas debates resulted in:
Lincoln becoming nationally famous as a speaker.
As a result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates:
Lincoln gained a national reputation.
In which area of the British colonies was there the LEAST community life outside the plantation?
Lower South
In which area of the United States was there the least support for ending slavery after the Revolution?
Lower South
The admission of Missouri as a slave state was balanced by the admission of what free state?
Maine
The Protestant Reformation was initially sparked by:
Martin Luther.
From 1765 to 1775, which colony was the focus of the greatest problems between England and America?
Massachusetts
The American Revolution became a military conflict with fighting in April 1775 in:
Massachusetts..
In 1864, Lincoln defeated what former Union general for president?
McClellan
Cultivation of maize began in:
Mesoamerica.
Slaves from the Upper South "sold down the river" to the Old Southwest would most likely have traveled on what river?
Mississippi
In De Soto's exploration of the South in North America, he failed to find another Aztec empire. The peoples he did find were:
Mississippian.
Both the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Dred Scott decision invalidated this agreement.
Missouri Compromise
Slave states that did NOT secede from the Union were:
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware.
Someone sent to negotiate with the Five Nations would be meeting with:
Mohawks, Oneidas, Onodagsa, Cayugas, and Senecas.
The standard hypothesis that migrations from Asia to North America began around 13,000 BCE has been challenged by the discovery of what site?
Monte Verde
The most successful slave revolt was led by:
Nat Turner.
The first transportation project to span the United States from the east coast to the Mississippi River was the:
National Road.
The "Long Walk" refers to the forced march and imprisonment of this group during the Civil War.
Navajo
Following the lead of Slater's Mill, this region's rivers were soon dotted with mills wherever water power could be tapped
New England
Which area of the United States moved most quickly to abolish slavery after the Revolution?
New England
If you were a member of a community governed by a Puritan congregation, you were most likely living in:
New England.
The most "English" area of the British colonies at the time of the Revolution was:
New England.
The Embargo Act had the greatest impact on:
New Englanders.
When women workers refused to work after dark and petitioned their legislature, this state became the first to pass a ten-hour-day law.
New Hampshire
The Virginia Plan was to the larger states as the ________ Plan was to the smaller states.
New Jersey
Of the settlements of the other European powers in 1800, the one most crucial to American trade was:
New Orleans.
The most important slave market in the Old Southwest was:
New Orleans.
In what area of 18th century America would one find soldados de cuera?
New Spain
In the mid-1700s, the most populous area of North American colonization was:
New Spain.
In 1789, President Washington was inaugurated in:
New York City.
The most ethnically and religiously diverse English colony by the late seventeenth century was:
New York.
The frontier war between the British and the French began in this area in 1754, a primary focus of British and French conflict in North America.
Ohio country
The Cherokee "Trail of Tears" led from Tennessee, North Carolina, and Georgia to:
Oklahoma.
Besides the northern states, in the 1860 election Lincoln also carried:
Oregon and California.
The First Continental Congress met mainly to protest against:
Parliament forcing them to accept its power.
After repealing the Stamp Act, Parliament passed the Declaratory Act, declaring that:
Parliament had authority to bind the colonists "in all cases whatsoever."
Resistance to British policies diminished for a time after 1770 because:
Parliament repealed most of the Townshend duties.
American perceptions of the "Boston Massacre" were unfairly influenced by:
Paul Revere's inflammatory engraving of the event..
If you were in a stone house with a great barn, in a "heaven for farmers," with Quaker, Scots-Irish and German neighbors, you were probably in:
Pennsylvania.
Sherman began marching north to meet Grant while Grant concentrated on closing in on Lee's last defensive positions around:
Petersburg and Richmond.
By the eighteenth century, North America's most important colonial port was:
Philadelphia.
During the war, Lincoln played a role most similar to this earlier president's.
Polk
The first European nation to send out voyages of exploration down the coast of Africa was:
Portugal.
The first slave plantation colony established in America was:
Portuguese Brazil.
The oldest continuously occupied town(s) in the United States are home to the:
Pueblos..
One of the first groups to openly condemn slavery in British America were the:
Quakers
When Edmond Genêt came to enlist American aid for France, he was most likely to get support from:
Republicans..
The New England colony that did NOT have an established church was:
Rhode Island.
The Spanish colonies in New Mexico clustered their towns around this river.
Rio Grande
By 1590, John White returns to find this colony gone.
Roanoke
Which of the following argued most strenuously for religious toleration?
Roger Williams
The Alaska fur trade was most important to what European nation?
Russia
The immediate spur to the creation of new Spanish missions in upper California after 1769 was the rumored expansion into the area by:
Russia..
The first outsiders to penetrate the isolation of Spanish California were:
Russian traders.
The Texas army which defeated the Mexican army was led by:
Sam Houston.
As a result of the Gold Rush, what town grew into a city of 35,000 almost overnight?
San Francisco
The first major route west followed by Americans was the:
Santa Fe Trail..
The Declaration of Independence was issued by the:
Second Continental Congress.
Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Middle Passage?
Slaves were treated well to get a higher price
The first state to secede from the Union was:
South Carolina.
The only southern state to vote unanimously for secession was:
South Carolina.
"Alabama Fever" refers to:
Southern whites moving southwest into new lands.
England's first ventures into the New World were motivated by rivalry with and fear of:
Spain
An important consequence of Coronado's expedition was that:
Spain lost interest in settling the Southwest for fifty years
The smallpox epidemic that began in the New World in 1518 followed which pattern?
Spain to the Caribbean to Mexico to the Andes
The Reconquista was a struggle between Spanish Christians and:
Spanish Moslems
Which of the following was not a disputed issue between the U.S. and Spain in the 1780s-1790s?
Spanish forts along the Great Lakes
Tejanos were:
Spanish-speaking residents of Texas.
If you were stationed at a presidio at the fringes of Louisiana in the 1700s, you would be in this ethnic group guarding against this ethnic group:
Spanish; French.
Which of the following was NOT a major American migration route in the 1820s?
St. Lawrence River to the Great Lakes
The heart of New France was along the:
St. Lawrence River.
This rebellion in September 1739 was the largest slave revolt of the colonial period.
Stono, South Carolina
Although it was temporary, this Mexican province declared itself independent of Spain in 1812.
Texas
At the end of 1777, what was the result of two years of fighting?
The British strategy for suppressing the Revolution had been a failure.
Which of the following BEST describes English immigration policy?
They had a liberal policy for both English and foreign nationals
What effect did the Kansas-Nebraska Act have on the Kansas-Nebraska territories?
They were open to slavery via popular sovereignty.
All slaves everywhere in the Union were freed by the:
Thirteenth Amendment.
Common Sense was written by:
Thomas Paine.
William Henry Harrison fought the Shawnees in the Battle of:
Tippecanoe Creek.
John Dickinson's letters in the guise of a Pennsylvania farmer were written in response to the:
Townshend Duties.
While not strategically significant, Washington revived morale by sneaking back across the Delaware River to surprise the British at:
Trenton and Princeton.
The best-selling novel of the mid-19th century was:
Uncle Tom's Cabin.
The Lincoln-Douglas debates occurred because Lincoln ran against Douglas for:
United States senator from Illinois.
The first new state to join the Union—an independent republic from 1777-1791—was:
Vermont.
The first state to abolish slavery was:
Vermont.
The war turned for the North with the July 1863 victories at Gettysburg and:
Vicksburg.
Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House in:
Virginia.
An essay by Henry David Thoreau indicative of transcendental literature was:
Walden.
The greatest expansion in government power during the Civil War was in the:
War Department.
The United States entered the War of 1812 deeply divided along sectional lines. The sections that were most pro-war were the:
West and South.
In the long run, the biggest losers as a result of the War of 1812 were:
Western Indians..
The first American president to die in office was:
William Henry Harrison.
Who won a reputation for fair dealing with Indians?
William Penn
Which one of the following is NOT true of the community of Cahokia on the Mississippi?
Written records of the nobility have survived.
Under the provisions of the Virginia Plan:
a bicameral legislature would be organized according to state population.
The Mexican-American War began over:
a border dispute.
One reason for the persistence of slavery in the South was that:
a child born of a slave was legally a slave.
George Washington and other conservatives incorrectly assumed that Shays' Rebellion was:
a class conflict pitting poor against rich.
The period between 1800 and 1850 in the United States was characterized by:
a dramatic expansion of the population to the west.
Which of the following was NOT a provision of Jay's Treaty?
a formal alliance between the United States and Great Britain
The Massachusetts Bay Company was established by:
a group of wealthy Puritans
In the middle-class industrial household, "home" became:
a haven for leisure and relaxation.
The telegraph, newspapers, and political pamphlets all fostered:
a new American national culture.
For many industrial workers, the move from farm to factory meant:
a new division between work and leisure.
While the Albany Conference originally met to deal with conflicts with New France and the Indians of the interior, Benjamin Franklin took the opportunity to propose:
a plan of union for the colonies.
The acquisition of the horse led to:
a rapid expansion of Indians into the Great Plains.
Chester, Pennsylvania, was an example of this type of northern response to mobilization.
a rapid, patriotic relief system supported by a countywide community
Jonathan Edwards' preaching called for:
a return to the strict Calvinism of an earlier generation.
The Renaissance was sparked by:
a revival of interest in classical antiquity and its culture.
One outcome of King William's War was:
a tightening of royal rule over the colonies
The United States gained the Oregon Territory south of the 49th parallel by:
a treaty with Great Britain.
Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania in 1863 was driven by the desire for:
a victory that would get British and French support for the Confederacy.
As a result of Pinckney's Treaty, the Spanish:
accepted the Mississippi and 31st parallel as borders.
William Claiborne, as Governor of the Lower Louisiana Territory:
accommodated French culture and institutions.
The eventual success of Spanish rule of New Mexico depended on:
accommodation between natives and Spanish..
Great Plains Native American cultures were transformed in the early 18th century when Indians:
acquired horses.
The Tea Act:
actually lowered the price of tea..
The main concession the Federalists made to the Anti-Federalists in the ratification debates was a promise to:
add a Bill of Rights.
John Tyler became president:
after William Henry Harrison died in office.
The French committed themselves to recognize American independence:
after the American victory at Saratoga.
In the election of 1824:
all the candidates ran as Republicans.
The Texas uprising against Mexico was characterized by:
alliance between Americans and Tejanos.
Which of the following was NOT a Jeffersonian concept?
an industrially-based national economy
In making his decisions, Jackson preferred to consult with:
an informal group of advisors.
By 1800 the United States would be best described as:
an overwhelmingly rural nation..
The Iroquois responded to their treatment by the British at the Albany Conference by:
angrily walking out with no agreements signed.
In general, Free-Soilers were:
anti-black.
Archaeologists' discovery of the remains of 200 bison at one site in Colorado suggests that:
archaic hunters had developed considerable social organization.
Which of the following was NOT a result of 19th century industrialization?
artisans made up a growing share of the middle class.
The state of Texas gained its current familiar shape:
as a result of the Compromise of 1850.
The Supreme Court decisions in Gibbons v. Ogden and Dartmouth College v. Woodward:
asserted the broad power of the federal government over interstate commerce.
Tenskwatawa, the Prophet, argued that Indians would survive best if they:
avoided Americans and returned to their traditional ways.
What instrument did Thomas Jefferson identify as being of likely African origin?
banjo
Social class in America was:
based on economic rank.
In the pre-industrial system, a boy who wanted to learn a trade:
became an apprentice to a master craftsman.
The failure of the South to industrialize in the nineteenth century was:
because Southerners chose to depend upon "King Cotton.".
Stephen F. Austin and his hand-picked fellow colonists in Texas agreed to Mexican terms that they:
become Mexican citizens and accept the Catholic faith.
Woodland people developed complex earthworks:
before they adopted agriculture..
In the aftermath of the French and Indian War, many American colonists:
began to develop an American identity distinct from the British.
In the first half of the 19th century, the American economy:
benefited greatly from the connection between southern slavery and northern industry.
An area stretching through western Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi that was blessed with exceptionally fertile soil was called the _____ belt:
black
The Dred Scott decision held that:
blacks—slave or free—were not citizens and could not sue in a court of law.
In the election of 1848:
both Cass and Taylor took deliberately vague positions on slavery in the territories.
The Second American Party system is based on:
broad coalitions appealing to voters of all classes and sections.
During the course of what was known as "the scramble":
buyers picked slaves for purchase out of a corral.
Most Africans were enslaved:
by cooperation between European and African traders
Americans were able to follow news of the Mexican War because newspapers, for the first time, got battlefield reports:
by telegraph.
Continental Army officers and the rank and file:
came from very different social and economic classes.
Compared to the French and Spanish colonies, the British colonies:
celebrated social mobility.
The Mandan villages on the Missouri visited by Lewis & Clark were:
central marketplaces of the Northern Plains.
The decline of the Anasazi culture was initially triggered by:
climate change.
John O'Sullivan:
coined the term "manifest destiny."
People following the craft system of apprentice, journeyman, and master would be most likely to be found in:
colonial town.
In the eyes of the radical element in the British colonies, legislation like the Quebec Act set the precedent for colonial government in which:
colonists were denied representative self-government.
Religion in the slave community:
combined African tribal traditions with evangelical Protestantism.
French interest in the Indians was based primarily on:
commercial concerns.
The conflict between England and Holland in the mid-17th century was mainly over:
commercial rivalry
Federalist majorities tended to be in coastal areas because these were more:
commercial.
Sexual relations between whites and blacks in colonial Virginia were:
common, producing many mulattoes
A persistent source of tensions between Bostonians and British soldiers leading up to the Boston Massacre was:
competition between troops and townsmen over jobs..
Increased violence in Mississippian cultures was most likely a result of:
competition for resources.
During the Panic of 1819, many urban workers blamed their job losses on:
competition from British imports.
The Cherokee, Iroquois, and Algonquian had this in common:
confederacy organization
The French Crescent through North America was:
connected by a system of waterways.
Men from many states serving in the Continental Army:
contributed to a unity of purpose in nation building..
As commander-in-chief during the war, James K. Polk defined the role of president by:
coordinating both civilian and military goals and needs.
For the south, the most important commercial innovation of the 1790s was the invention of the:
cotton gin.
By 1860, America's largest single export was:
cotton.
A "Creole" is a person who is:
country born.
The delegates who met in Philadelphia in 1787 included all of the following EXCEPT:
craftsmen and artisans.
Tribes in the southern part of the Indian Territory:
created new communities in the West.
The cultivation of tobacco by the English colonists:
created pressure for more expansion into Indian territory.
A response to the problem that emerged in the election of 1800, the Twelfth Amendment:
created separate ballots for president and vice president.
One commonality between the Creek, Chickasaw, and Choctaws was a/an:
cultural pattern of confederacies.
In the slave culture, the African influence in religion was especially evident in:
death and burial rituals.
After the opening of the Erie Canal, the production of homespun cloth in cities along its route:
declined rapidly.
The Federalists passed the Naturalization Act and the Alien and Sedition Acts in 1798 mainly to:
defeat Democratic-Republican opposition.
The Navigation Acts passed between 1651 and 1696:
defined the role colonies would play within the British empire.
The 1864 election provided significant evidence for the support for Lincoln's policy of:
demanding unconditional surrender from the South.
Over time, Indian communities in North America typically:
demonstrated increasing levels of complexity.
Staple crop farming:
developed independently in several areas of the world.
Jefferson resigned his cabinet position because of:
disagreement with Washington's neutrality policy.
The Clovis culture gets its name from what discovery near Clovis, NM?
distinctive stone blades and lance points
By the late 17th century, the New England economy:
diversified into farming, fishing, lumbering, shipbuilding, and other enterprises.
A crucial aspect of the new putting-out system was:
division of labor.
Which European element of the Columbian Exchange had the greatest long term impact on the Americas?
domesticated animals and livestock
The Louisiana Purchase more than ________ the size of the United States.
doubled
British Prime Minister William Pitt's main goal in the French and Indian War was:
driving the French out of North America.
From 1820 to 1854:
each effort at compromise was more difficult.
Beringia refers to the:
earlier land connection between Asia and North America.
State efforts to deal with the economic problems of the 1780s by erecting high local tariff barriers demonstrated that:
effective commercial regulation would need to be national..
Which of the following was NOT true of Jefferson's political philosophy?
elites should dominate politics
Southern slavery was challenged in 1834 when Britain:
emancipated West Indian slaves..
Men like Austin who received land grants in return for bringing settlers to Texas were called:
empresarios.
One of the major reasons for social change and the disruption of the English economy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was the:
enclosing of common pastureland..
A member of a Committee of Observation and Safety in 1775 had responsibility for:
enforcing economic sanctions against Great Britain..
Which one of the following was NOT part of William Penn's "Holy Experiment"?
equality of sexes
The Quebec Act of 1774:
expanded British authority over the Ohio country.
The Mandans welcomed Lewis and Clark because the Indians hoped for:
expanded trade and support against the Sioux.
The power of John Adams as president was undercut by:
facing political opposition led by his own vice president.
For what group was the putting-out system the most beneficial?
farm families
Which one of the following was LEAST likely to be nationalist during the debates over revising the Articles?
farmers
Eighteenth century slave masters were reluctant to allow their slaves to become Christians because they:
feared Christianity would give the slaves dangerous ideas about freedom and equality.
Best-selling newspapers, pamphlets, and books in the mid 19th century:
fed the popular appetite for sensationalism and scandal.
Southerners favored American expansion into Mexico and Cuba because they:
felt that slavery could grow there.
Which of the following is NOT a reason why slavery began to replace indentured servitude in Virginia by 1700?
fewer English immigrants came to the Chesapeake.
The unsettling demands of the new industrial order forced changes in middle-class family life that resulted in:
fewer children in the average household..
The British experience at Lexington and Concord foreshadowed this problem the British faced throughout the American Revolution.
fighting in the midst of an armed population
Manufacturing with interchangeable parts was first developed for producing:
firearms.
During the revolutionary period, most Americans:
focused on the governments of their own states.
Almost all of the Native American tribes who participated in the Revolution:
fought on the British side.
The primary reason for the establishment of the colony at Plymouth was the settlers' desire to:
found a new culture based on their religious values.
Of the 12 million people who lived in the South in 1860, how many were slaves?
four million
One guarantee NOT included in Mason's Virginia Declaration of Rights was:
freedom of speech.
On the eve of the Revolution, American newspapers:
frequently reprinted British republican essays.
By 1850, the American transportation network mainly ran:
from the Northeast to the Midwest.
Which of the following was NOT one of the major issues leading to Missouri Compromise?
future of an Indian Territory in the West
Eastern Woodland tribes subsisted by:
gathering, hunting, and limited agriculture.
The Homestead Act:
gave 160 acres of public land to citizens who would improve it.
Those who rejected the Calvinist theology of election in 18th century New England believed that God:
gave people the freedom to choose salvation through faith and good works.
The battles of Trenton and Princeton in late 1776 and early 1777:
gave the Americans small victories that helped morale..
Which one of the following was NOT a part of the Triangular Trade?
gold and silver
The John Peter Zenger case provided a precedent for:
greater freedom of the press.
A primary cause of the tripling of Western Europe's population between the eleventh and fourteenth centuries was:
greatly increased agricultural productivity and the increased food supply that resulted.
The Election of 1840:
had a nearly 80 percent voter turnout.
Under colonial slave codes, slave marriages:
had no legal status..
During the Civil War, the tribes in Indian Territory:
had their own civil war as they split between Union and Confederacy.
John Trumball's painting Surrender of Lord Cornwallis:
had to be corrected after public outcry over its inaccuracy.
The encounter between English colonists and Native Americans at Roanoke suggest that the English and Natives:
had very different concepts of community.
Napoleon sold the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. because:
he met defeat in the Caribbean and was in need of money for Europe.
As a result of the fighting at Breed's Hill and Bunker Hill:
heavy British casualties ended the possibility of reconciliation.
Catharine Beecher's book Treatise on Domestic Economy illustrated the need for:
helping middle-class women modernize their tasks and family roles.
The important political role played by the Continental Army in the war was:
helping to create a powerful force for nationalist sentiment.
Under a 1662 Virginia law, slavery became:
hereditary
In the election of 1860, public interest was indicated by voter turnout that was:
higher than any previous election.
Farming first developed in what area of North America?
highlands of Mexico
Spain joined the war because its leaders:
hoped to regain Florida.
Starting with the Erie Canal, heavy construction work on canals and railroads was mainly done by:
immigrants.
Columbus and Raleigh had in common a vision of:
imperial commercial conquest..
The Townshend Duties taxed:
imports of only a few British commodities into America.
The Puritans were unique in the seventeenth century colonies of North America because of their
impressive educational system
As a result of the Missouri Compromise, slavery was banned:
in lands north of the southern boundary of Missouri.
Although free blacks in the North could not, many blacks in the South, free and slave, worked:
in skilled trades like carpentry and smithing.
"New Monarchies" developed in Europe:
in the 14th and 15th centuries.
Among the worst of the horrors confronting slaves during the Middle Passage was:
inadequate sanitation..
The multiracial Spanish colonial society is best described as a frontier of:
inclusion..
American export and re-export trade between 1790 and 1815 would be best described as:
increasing and decreasing erratically.
The word "yeoman" applied to:
independent white farmers with family farms.
These two crops were the basis of South Carolina's export wealth in the 1700s.
indigo and rice
Wartime socioeconomic tensions in the North were aggravated by the fact that:
inflation grew faster than wage increases.
By 1850, most southern leaders like Calhoun:
insisted slavery must be legal in all the territories.
At the Hartford Convention, representatives from five New England states:
insisted states could nullify unconstitutional federal actions..
What, more than shared religion, bound together people of the Middle Colonies?
institutions of government
The Electoral College was created to:
insulate the presidential election from excessive popular influence.
The British dubbed this "the American system of manufactures."
interchangeable parts
If you lived in Boston or Philadelphia from 1790-1807 and had accumulated large amounts of capital, it was probably from:
international shipping.
Which one of the following was NOT introduced in Europe from Asia?
iron plow.
The British strategy in 1776 and 1777 was to move north up the Hudson and south from Canada in order to:
isolate New England.
A main limitation on the United States' ability to enforce the Monroe Doctrine was:
it possessed a much smaller military than other world powers..
Jackson's view of the presidency was that:
it symbolized the popular will.
The use of women in the nursing profession met resistance largely because:
it was considered a job only disreputable women would do.
The irony of Andrew Jackson's victory at New Orleans was that:
it was fought after the Peace of Ghent had been signed..
The Supreme Court case of Marbury v. Madison established:
judicial review of acts of Congress.
Lincoln's main diplomatic aim was to:
keep England and France from supporting the Confederacy.
Which one of the following is NOT a description of Anasazi communities?
large animal effigy earth mounds
Black codes were:
laws limiting the rights of free black people.
Lincoln felt that his primary responsibility as president was to:
leading and unifying the nation.
Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, and Henry Clay were examples of:
leading sectional politicians.
The westward migration of American population between 1800 and 1850:
leapfrogged over the plains to the West Coast..
By 1850, the majority of the American population:
lived west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Western expansion was encouraged by what federal government policy in the early 1800s?
lower prices for public lands.
Americans in Texas:
mainly settled in enclaves with little contact with others.
The seventeenth-century Pueblo Indians approached Christianity by:
making Christianity one more part of their already complex culture.
By 1634, who were "freemen" in Massachusetts?
male heads of households who were church members
The Second American Party System was based on:
mass participation.
The Iroquois were unusual among Native American cultures because their society was:
matrilineal.
What innovative product was patented by Cyrus McCormick in 1834?
mechanical reaper
Which of the following was a resource in which the South had a significant advantage in the Civil War?
men of military age who served
The "New Monarchies" of the 14th and 15th centuries grew out of an alliance between the monarchs and:
merchants..
Second Great Awakening evangelist Charles Finney had his greatest influence on:
middle class women.
The main reason the West did not form into a single regional voting block was:
migrants to the West brought their previous cultural and political attitudes..
The Desert Culture:
migrated seasonally in search of game.
Jefferson's supporters called themselves Republicans to emphasize that the Federalists were:
monarchists at heart.
The 1735 John Peter Zenger case gave rise to:
more newspapers and a freer press in America.
As a result of the Great Awakening:
more slaves became Christian
Bartolomé de las Casas was incorrect in arguing that:
most Indian deaths were from war with the Spanish.
Before leading the raid on Harper's Ferry, John Brown had:
murdered pro-slavery settlers in Kansas.
John White and Thomas Harriot believed that an English colony in Virginia should be based on:
mutual understanding and cooperation
The Spanish turned to the use of Africans for labor on New World plantations because:
native populations had declined too rapidly to provided needed labor.
The decision of four slave states to stay within the Union:
negated the Confederate argument that they were forced to secede to protect the right to own slaves.
Which one of the following explains the majority of decline in the Indian population in the Americas?
new diseases
Relative to population, the United States had more of these than any other country.
newspapers
How many states had to ratify the Constitution before it would take effect?
nine
At the minimum, "free soil" meant:
no slavery in new lands.
The greatest opposition to Polk and the Mexican-American War came from:
northern Whigs
One hundred years after Columbus' first voyage to the "New World," the majority of the population of Spanish America was:
of mixed race
In his 1861 Inaugural Address, Lincoln:
offered nonbelligerent moderation..
Before 1492, Western Europe was:
officially Roman Catholic.
Most of the cities that nurtured American culture and provided intellectual leadership were:
on the northern half of the eastern seaboard.
It is clear that the most important influence on popular voting for state delegates for the state ratification conventions of the Constitution was:
one's position on economic issues debated since the Revolution..
By 1800, about what proportion of Americans lived west of the Appalachians?
one-tenth
By the 1730s in the colonial South:
only one adult in fifteen was affiliated with a church.
Pinckney's Treaty helped resolve the debate over Jay's Treaty by:
opening the Mississippi to American shipping.
In dealing with the Whiskey Rebellion, President Washington:
overreacted out of fear of allowing another Shays' Rebellion to get out of hand.
The Confederate draft law exempted:
owners of 20 or more slaves.
The placement of the national capitol on the boundary of Virginia and Maryland came about in a compromise to obtain enough votes to:
pass Hamilton's state debt assumption plan.
In opposing the Lecompton constitution, Douglas was consistent with his principle of:
popular sovereignty.
Francis Cabot Lowell and Paul Moody changed textile manufacturing with their invention of a/an:
power loom.
A "gag rule" was adopted by Congress to:
prevent discussion of slavery.
"Filibustering" refers to:
private efforts to extend slave territory in Latin America.
Which one of the following is NOT true of the increasing social complexity of Indian farming communities?
private ownership of land and other resources
After the secession of South Carolina, the first crisis facing Lincoln was the:
problem of Fort Sumter.
John Brown raided the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry in order to:
provide arms for a general slave uprising.
The vast new territories gained in the Mexican War:
provoked a new debate over the issue of slavery in the territories.
Which mode of transportation had the most dramatic impact on American economic life by 1850?
railroad
The primary purpose of the Sugar Act was to:
raise revenue to defray the expenses from the Seven Years' War.
The first ten amendments were quickly added to the newly-ratified Constitution to:
reassure those who feared the power of the national government to restrict citizens' rights..
Washington may have saved republican government in America in 1783 when he:
refused to back Continental officers' demands at Newburgh.
Compared to the British colonies, the Spanish borderlands in the 18th century were:
relatively static..
Anne Hutchinson was expelled from Massachusetts because she criticized the leaders':
religious beliefs
John Locke's 1689 "A Letter Concerning Tolerance" advocated tolerating:
religious differences.
Connecticut and Rhode Island were both established by:
religious dissenters migrating out of Massachusetts
The Anti-Federalists opposed to ratification of the Constitution were most likely to be found in:
remote and backcountry sections.
American fur traders joined in a yearly trade fair in the Rockies characterized by the polyglot collection of many nationalities called the:
rendezvous.
Pressured by British merchants, in March 1766, the British Parliament:
repealed the Stamp Act and reduced the duties under the Sugar Act.
Approval of the Great Compromise at the Philadelphia constitutional convention guaranteed:
representation based on population in the House and by state in the Senate.
Thomas Jefferson's "Government of the Western Territory" was an attempt to create a:
republican policy for western expansion.
Which of the following was NOT an advantage enjoyed by the South as the Civil War began?
resources well suited to war
In Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia, the Supreme Court:
ruled that the state of Georgia could not force the Cherokees to give up their land.
Many of the first strikes in American labor history were led by:
rural women workers.
The greatest barrier to economic mobility in 18th century British America was:
scarce and increasingly expensive land..
After Anthony Burns was seized as a fugitive slave in 1854, President Pierce:
sent troops to Boston to ensure his return to the South.
Washington's response to the Continental Army officers' meeting at Newburgh:
set a precedent for the subordination of the military to civil authority.
The Royal Proclamation of 1763:
set aside lands west of the Appalachians as "Indian Country."
The rising colonial demand for Indian lands stemmed from:
settlers' expectation of property ownership.
One of the most common violations of the southern paternalistic code of behavior was:
sexual abuse of female slaves by their masters.
An examination of language patterns, music, and architectural forms in the South suggests that during the eighteenth century:
significant amounts of cultural sharing occurred between Africans and white southerners..
Between 1500 and 1600, what was the most valuable American export to Europe?
silver
Which group gained the LEAST from industrialization?
skilled male workers
In 1846, Congressman David Wilmot, a Pennsylvania Democrat, proposed that:
slavery be banned from any territory acquired from Mexico.
The Fugitive Slave Law made Americans realize that:
slavery was an unavoidable national issue.
The Missouri Compromise revealed that:
slavery was becoming a moral as well as a political issue.
The best explanation for the greater reliance on slavery in the British North American South is that:
slavery was more profitable in plantation economies.
In the Peace of Utrecht, which ended Queen Anne's War, the Spanish ceded to England the exclusive right to supply the Spanish colonies with:
slaves
The Emancipation Proclamation freed:
slaves in areas of rebellion not in Union control.
A common defense of the institution of slavery by slave owners was that:
slaves were treated better than northern industrial workers..
The "other persons" referred to in the "three-fifths" provision were:
slaves.
People who pressed for a strengthened union of the states in the aftermath of the American Revolution were LEAST likely to be:
small farmers.
The "Desert Culture" was characterized by reliance on:
small game and plant foraging.
The largest group of slave owners was comprised of:
small yeoman farmers.
De Soto's disastrous expedition into the North American interior was concentrated in the:
south.
During the Mexican War, northern Whigs began to characterize the war as a/an:
southern conspiracy to expand slavery.
Canals and railroads:
spurred the development of towns and cities along their route.
The growth of inland river towns such as Cincinnati was most affected by the development of:
steamboats.
The Folsom and Clovis cultures are both mainly identified by their:
stone blades and lance points.
In the long run, the protestors of Shays' Rebellion:
succeeded in persuading the state to lower taxes.
The local militias that fought in the Revolutionary War:
suffered appalling rates of desertion.
Locations such as Madeira, Barbados, Jamaica, and Haiti illustrate the commercial connection between slavery and:
sugar
When the Revolutionary War moved to the South, the British shifted to a strategy of:
taking territory and turning it over to Loyalists.
The Congress under the Articles of Confederation did not have authority to:
tax citizens directly.
By the end of the war, black volunteers made up about what percentage of Union forces?
ten
Compared to the British, the French in North America:
tended to have better relations with the Indians.
The state of Maryland held up ratification of the Articles of Confederation for three years by demanding:
that other states give up claims to western lands.
In his first "Report on the Public Credit," Alexander Hamilton proposed:
that the federal government assume the remaining Revolutionary War debts of the states.
The debate in Washington's administration over whether the United States should suspend the Franco-American alliance treaty of 1778 reflected a basic disagreement over:
the American role in international affairs and the nation's economic future.
About half of the slaves imported to the New World between 1701 and 1810 were delivered to:
the Caribbean
In the 18th century, the greatest concentration of slave populations was found in:
the Caribbean
In France and Spain and their colonies, the state was closely tied to:
the Catholic church.
The Church of England was the established state religion in:
the Chesapeake colonies..
The Spanish monopoly of the New World was broken with:
the English defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588.
In the Treaty of Paris ending the French and Indian War:
the French lost their North American empire to the British.
Before the 1730s, the most profitable activity of the early Carolina economy was:
the Indian slave trade.
The justification for removal of Indians to the west was:
the Indians needed a space where they could live undisturbed by whites.
The Covenant Chain was an alliance between English colonists and:
the Iroquois Confederacy.
All of the following were reasons why Texans rebelled against the Mexican government EXCEPT:
the Mexicans began raising the price of land.
The first area of the country to become heavily commercialized, with a cash economy replacing barter, was:
the Midwest.
In French Louisiana:
the Natchez Rebellion slowed the adoption of slavery.
Why did none of the British Caribbean colonies join the American Revolution?
the Royal Navy prevented them from sending representatives to the Continental Congress
During American expansion between 1800 and 1850s, which section's interests were most threatened?
the South
Austin's Texas colonists mainly came from:
the South.
A principal cause of the Spanish success in conquering the Aztecs in the early sixteenth century was:
the Spaniards' ability to take advantage of native peoples' hostility to Aztec rule.
Nonimportation was first used by colonists to protest:
the Sugar Act..
The bold policy statement called the Monroe Doctrine essentially told Europeans to stay out of:
the Western Hemisphere.
By 1750, the fastest-growing area of the British colonies was:
the backcountry..
As a result of the Missouri Compromise:
the balance between free and slaves states was maintained.
The economic foundation of the Plymouth colony was:
the cod fishery.
A major achievement of the Hohokams involved:
the development of the first system of irrigation in America.
South Carolina seceded from the Union in response to:
the election of Abraham Lincoln..
The Republican victory in 1860 was a result of:
the electoral college system..
One of the first important political effects of the American Revolution was:
the emergence of radical democratic ideology.
The only part of the Compromise of 1850 strongly supported by the South was:
the enactment of a Fugitive Slave Law.
The signing of the Treaty of Ghent was mainly a result of:
the end of the Napoleonic Wars.
The expansion of slavery in the Old Southwest was directly linked to:
the expansion of cotton production.
The Republic of Texas was not immediately annexed by the United States largely because of:
the fact that Texas would have to be admitted as a slave state.
Lincoln's reelection in 1864 was helped considerably by what event in September 1864?
the fall of Atlanta
The largest Indian population centers could be found among:
the farming districts of the South, the Southwest, and the Northeast.
The Lewis and Clark expedition was financed by:
the federal government.
The phrase "black belt" refers to this in the South.
the fertile soil of Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi
18th century Russian expansion into Alaska was mainly driven by:
the fur trade.
One of the most important factors in the exploration of the West was:
the fur trade.
Prior to the 1830s, the dominant industry in the Oregon Territory was:
the fur trade.
Under the impact of the Hamilton economic program:
the health of the United States' economy improved significantly.
The Albany Conference of 1754 provided a clear indication of:
the inability of British colonists to unite for a common cause..
Beringia refers to:
the land bridge between Asia and North America.
The high battlefield casualties in the Civil War were in large part due to:
the misuse of early antiseptic and health measures..
The Nullification Crisis was particularly destabilizing for national politics because:
the president and vice president were in open disagreement on an important issue.
The work style changes that occurred as factory production transformed the American economy included:
the regulation of work lives by clocks and bells.
The term "free" labor originally referred to:
the right to move to another job.
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolves were an attempt to counter the Alien and Sedition Acts by defending:
the rights of the states..
The provisions of Pinckney's Treaty that related to the Mississippi River were important because:
the river provided a transportation route for western agricultural products through New Orleans to vastly extended markets
Southern politics was largely controlled by:
the slave-owning elite.
The essence of the European theory of mercantilism was the belief that:
the state should exert political control of the economy
What did Jefferson consider the greatest danger of the prosecutions under the Sedition Act?
the threat to a free press.
The Mexican-American War was known as "Mr. Polk's War" because:
the war was unpopular and politically divisive.
A significant characteristic of Spanish colonial communities was:
their close association with religious missions.
Americans found British impressments particularly objectionable because:
they demonstrated Britain's failure to recognize American citizenship.
In 1860, many Southerners miscalculated in thinking that:
they would be able to leave the Union in peace.
Jackson responded to South Carolina's nullification of the Tariff of 1832 by:
threatening to collect the tariff at gunpoint if necessary.
Archaeologists identify at least how many distinct migration events in populating the Americas?
three
In the mid 19th century, American women participated in politics:
through local churches and benevolent groups.
Virginia and Maryland were most similar in that both came to rely on _____ cultivation:
tobacco
Beginning with the entrance of French fisherman into the North Atlantic, relationships among the French and the Indians were based on:
trade.
The earliest American colleges—Harvard, William and Mary, and Yale—were founded mainly to:
train ministers.
The Panic of 1819 reflected the:
transition from a farming to a more commercial economy.
During the Civil War:
twice as many men died of disease than in battle.
Texas was finally annexed to the United States:
under a joint resolution of Congress pushed through by Tyler..
The Kansas-Nebraska Act opened Indian territory to American settlers:
under the principle of popular sovereignty.
The Revolution of 1800 included this transformation in political participation.
universal white manhood suffrage was passed in four states
Within the South in 1860, the main political division was between:
up-country and low-country areas..
Jackson's "negative activism" refers to his:
use of the veto more times than all of his predecessors combined.
From their support of the Constitution, one can infer that the Federalists:
valued law and order over individual liberty.
The population of the precolonial Americas:
varied greatly by region.
Roger Taney's opinion for the majority of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case:
vindicated the Southern position..
The peace treaty with Britain signed by Franklin, Jay, and Adams:
violated their instructions and the alliance with France..
After the Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued, white-Indian relations on the frontier would best be described as:
violent and contentious.
The Spanish "secret weapon" in the conquest of the Aztecs and Inca was:
virgin soil epidemics.
Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address is notable for his:
vision of a just and lasting peace.
Which of the following is NOT a part of the declarations of rights in state constitutions?
voting
The major dilemma that the Confederate States of America confronted throughout the Civil War was how to:
wage a war that required a centralized power.
The Mexican government invited settlement into Texas because it:
wanted to create a buffer zone with the Comanche settlements to the west.
In the years during and after the Revolutionary War, the institution of slavery:
was abolished in a number of northern states.
Before 1492, trade among Indian cultural areas:
was common and extensive.
Colonial government in New Spain and New France in the eighteenth century:
was highly centralized and authoritarian.
Shays' Rebellion:
was prompted by nationwide economic distress.
The evangelical religion which spread after the Second Great Awakening:
was used by whites as a means of social control over the slaves.
The significance of the British possession of Detroit in the 1790s was that it was:
well within American territory in the 1783 treaty.
Jefferson Davis and Alexander H. Stephens were selected as president and vice president of the Confederacy because they both:
were moderates.
By the mid-18th century, most of the British North American colonies:
were ruled by royal governors.
The most basic similarity between the Union and the Confederacy when the Civil War began was that both sides:
were unprepared for the ordeal that lay ahead.
As a result of settlement of the backcountry:
western Indian tribes fiercely resisted new settlements.
Which one of the following was NOT a crop exchanged from the New World to the Old?
wheat
While the South was shocked by Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, it was even more shocked by:
widespread Northern mourning for Brown's death.
Incidents involving Anthony Burns and Thomas Sims demonstrated that the federal government:
would vigorously enforce the Fugitive Slave Act.
The most important legacy of the Roanoke expedition was:
written and pictoral accounts of the area and the Indian peoples there.