History Final

(Q015) "Slave patrols" were a. farmers who kept a lookout for runaway slaves. b. mixed-race patrols of whites and blacks who worked together to harvest cotton crops. c. groups of slaves that patrolled the roads and towns. d. railroad workers who patrolled plantations.

a. farmers who kept a lookout for runaway slaves.

(Q014) The Civil War is sometimes called "the first modern war" because it used weapons and other technological advances of the industrial revolution. Which of the following was one of these advances? a. railroads b. tanks c. radios d. airplanes

a. railroads

One of the main purposes of the Freedmen's Bureau was to a. encourage whites to work for blacks on plantations as a way to deepen interracial understanding. b. ensure a working system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders. c. encourage freedpeople to move out West, where they could work and live with Native American families. d. induce former slaves to work for free, at least until they had proved their usefulness to potential employers.

b. ensure a working system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders.

(Q021) In the mid-1800s, few plantations had dedicated buildings for slave worship so most slaves a. kept close ties to their African religions, sacrificing animals in secret. b. did not form religious communities. c. worshipped in secret or in biracial churches with white ministers. d. shunned the Christian religion as part of white society.

c. worshipped in secret or in biracial churches with white ministers.

(Q027) Which of the following was a Confederate advantage in fighting the Civil War? a. The Confederate army did not have to fight most of the war's battles on home territory. b. The southern commander, General Lee, was a skilled tactician who hoped that a series of defeats would weaken the North's resolve. c. The Confederacy produced more goods and services than the Union toward supporting the war effort. d. The Confederate States of America had a larger population than the Union, including millions of enslaved African-Americans, from which to draw military personnel during the war.

b. The southern commander, General Lee, was a skilled tactician who hoped that a series of defeats would weaken the North's resolve.

(Q001) Why would historians want to analyze the diary of a plantation wife during the Reconstruction era? a. Diaries are factually more accurate than public documents of the period. b. Diaries show the attitudes of a person who lived during the time under study. c. In a diary, historians can find criticism of the Reconstruction era. d. Such documents can be used for quotations in historical writing.

b. Diaries show the attitudes of a person who lived during the time under study.

(Q001) According to chapter 9 of the textbook, farmers who settled in the midwestern part of the continent during the first half of the nineteenth century a. mainly grew food only for themselves and their families. b. enjoyed economic gains due to increased transportation networks and access to the market economy. c. developed the technology to harvest a consistent crop, no matter what the weather. d. prospered due to Americans' superior work ethic.

b. enjoyed economic gains due to increased transportation networks and access to the market economy.

(Q020) Which of the following was part of the Missouri Compromise of 1820? a. Maine was admitted as a slave state into the Union. b. Missouri was admitted but had to agree to end slavery by state law. c. Slavery was prohibited in the remaining Louisiana Territory north of 36°30'. d. It permanently settled the question of the expansion of slavery.

c. Slavery was prohibited in the remaining Louisiana Territory north of 36°30'.

(Q007) Which of the following was a difference between the Democrats and the Whigs during the Jackson years? a. The Democrats approved of the gulf between the wealthy and the "producing classes"; the Whigs did not accept class hierarchy. b. The Democrats held a stronghold on upstate New York; the Whigs held more isolated rural communities. c. The Whigs favored public measures and other policies to regulate personal morality; the Democrats did not. d. The Whigs wanted to ban government actions to promote economic development; the Democrats favored government's role in business.

c. The Whigs favored public measures and other policies to regulate personal morality; the Democrats did not.

(Q021) The Fugitive Slave Act a. allowed local authorities to interfere with the capture of fugitives only if the individuals were from the same state. b. forbade individual American citizens to assist in the capture of fugitive slaves and instead required them to initiate contact with the federal agents involved. c. allowed federal commissioners to determine the fate of fugitives without the benefit of a trial or testimony by the accused individual. d. ended the decisive controversy surrounding fugitive slaves.

c. allowed federal commissioners to determine the fate of fugitives without the benefit of a trial or testimony by the accused individual.

(Q017) Abraham Lincoln's January 1, 1863, Emancipation Proclamation freed a. the slaves only in areas controlled by Union forces. b. all the slaves in the United States, "henceforth and forever more." c. some slaves, but exempted those in areas under Union control. d. the slaves in the border states of Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware.

c. some slaves, but exempted those in areas under Union control.

(Q016) In 1853-1854, President Millard Fillmore dispatched American warships to Japan under the command of Commodore Matthew Perry to a. sway the Japanese government in becoming trade partners by offering gold and silver from California. b. force a trade treaty with an outright demand that the Japanese deal with the United States. c. partner with the Japanese against the Chinese. d. seize the island chains surrounding Midway.

b. force a trade treaty with an outright demand that the Japanese deal with the United States.

Q010) In the mid-1800s, this concept had replaced class as the boundary between those American men who were entitled to enjoy political freedom and those who were not. a. country of heritage b. religion c. race d. wealth

c. race

(Q028) In response to the nomination of Stephen Douglas's Democratic candidacy, seven of the southern delegates a. felt it would be foolhardy to divide the party and reluctantly accepted Douglas. b. temporarily went outside to picket what they perceived to be oppressive politics on the slave states. c. walked out of the convention, causing it to recess in confusion. d. plotted an assassination attempt.

c. walked out of the convention, causing it to recess in confusion.

Q037) The prevalence of plantation slavery kept the South from matching northern rates of immigration, industrial development, and urban growth. True False

True

Q041) Although denied the ballot, women found a voice in the public sphere during the 1820s and 1830s. True False

True

Q042) Lincoln was initially not concerned with the issue of slavery as his paramount concerns were to keep the border slave states in the Union and to build the broadest base of support in the North for the war effort. True False

True

(Q016) In the aftermath of the War of 1812, Americans tended to view Canadians as a. monarchial and lacking in an understanding of liberty. b. ex-Europeans unusually prone to violence. c. partners in developing the continent based on Europeans traditions. d. untrustworthy as their political connections were still strongly tied with France.

a. monarchial and lacking in an understanding of liberty.

(Q023) The Republican Party, founded in 1854, a. found equal support from voters in the North and South, but not in the far West, where the Democratic party prevailed. b. was a coalition of antislavery Democrats, northern Whigs, Know-Nothings, and Free Soilers. c. ran Abraham Lincoln for president in 1856. d. was dedicated to the expansion of slavery.

b. was a coalition of antislavery Democrats, northern Whigs, Know-Nothings, and Free Soilers.

(Q032) Which of the following statements is true regarding the Trail of Tears? a. Their removal route was from Georgia to present-day Nevada. b. Jackson was religiously against the moving and killing of Indians. c. At least one-quarter of the Indians perished during the winter of 1838-1839. d. While the removal carried many people from the South to the West, none of the Indians were considered slaves.

c. At least one-quarter of the Indians perished during the winter of 1838-1839.

(Q030) Nat Turner a. was a celebrated male vocalist in an early Negro spiritual choir. b. was a ship's captain who wrote the song "Amazing Grace." c. was second in command at Denmark Vesey's trial in South Carolina. d. led an 1831 slave uprising in Virginia, killing about sixty whites.

d. led an 1831 slave uprising in Virginia, killing about sixty whites.

(Q008) Paternalism meant a. the head male slave on a plantation was in charge of the new slaves, deciding jobs to which they were best suited. b. the master bore the fatherly duty of making religion accessible to his slaves. c. the master was the head of the system, including providing his slaves with protection and the right of care. d. the father of the slave family determined which child could be auctioned first.

c. the master was the head of the system, including providing his slaves with protection and the right of care.

What activity made the postemancipation experience in the United States unique from other societies and became central to the former slaves' desire for empowerment and equality? a. the distribution of identification cards to all freed slaves b. the mandatory stipulation that they learn new trades different from their prior slave work c. the right to vote within two years of the end of slavery d. marriage to whomever they wished, regardless of race

c. the right to vote within two years of the end of slavery

What did three amendments to the U.S. Constitution guarantee to former slaves shortly after the Civil War? a. new houses on plantations; education; and equal justice under the law b. the right to marry anyone of their choosing; freedom of assembly; and land c. forty acres and a mule; education; and equality with white southerners d. freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; and the vote for adult black men

d. freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; and the vote for adult black men

Compromise of 1850

(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

(1815-1902) A suffragette who, with Lucretia Mott, organized the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the Declaration of Sentiments which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women. Co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869.

Frederick Douglass

(1817-1895) American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. He published his biography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, and founded the abolitionist newspaper, the North Star.

Battle of San Jacinto

(1836) Final battle of the Texas Revolution; resulted in the defeat of the Mexican army and independence for Texas

(Q047) By the 1840s, southern leaders were convinced that slavery must expand or die. True False

True

(Q049) During the 1820s and 1830s, an emergent labor movement began voicing concerns about harsh working conditions, economic insecurity, and growing inequalities of wealth. True False

True

(Q056) The 1828 "tariff of abominations" led to the nullification crisis. True False

True

(Q063) During the market revolution, the emergence of organized political parties spurred newspaper publication. True False

True

(Q004) Which statement below best explains Sojourner Truth's intent by repeating the question, "Ar'n't I a Woman?" a. She highlights the fact that African African-American women could not even be treated in the condescending but courteous way that white women were complaining about, because they were slaves. b. Because Truth did not write this speech ahead of time, she repeats the question, as she is composing the rest of the speech in her head as she goes along. c. Truth was overcome with emotion and couldn't find the right words to express herself. d. Truth is completely focused on gaining equal rights for women.

a. She highlights the fact that African African-American women could not even be treated in the condescending but courteous way that white women were complaining about, because they were slaves.

In President Andrew Johnson's view, African-Americans ought to play what part in Reconstruction? a. They should live out the vision of the Radical Republicans. b. They should have no role in shaping policies. c. They should join the military and defend the South. d. They should take up political leadership positions.

b. They should have no role in shaping policies.

(Q005) The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 negotiated a. the purchase of land in which to construct the National Road. b. an end to fighting between France and the United States. c. an agreement not to allow slavery in the new states of Indiana and Ohio. d. the sale of parts of Florida from Spain to the United States.

b. Us gained florida from spain

(Q014) Chicago's spectacular growth between 1830 and 1860 was principally due to a. steel plow. b. railroads. c. steamboat. d. canals.

b. railroads

(Q005) There were calls by some expansionists for the United States to annex all of Mexico, yet the movement failed because a. there were too many rebel Mexicans and the fear of defeat was too great. b. the funds for such an endeavor would have wrecked the national budget. c. of the fear that the nation could not assimilate the large non-white Catholic population. d. it was assumed that other South American countries would come to the aid of Mexico.

c. of the fear that the nation could not assimilate the large non-white Catholic population.

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution a. ended the institution of slavery and indentured servitude throughout the United States. b. guaranteed women the right to vote in federal elections but did not allow them to vote in state elections. c. prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race. d. made the income tax constitutional for the top 30 percent of wealthy white Americans but not black southerners.

c. prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race.

A "carpetbagger" was a. the name given to gypsies in the border states. b. a traveling salesman of goods to the war-ravaged South. c. a southerner sympathetic to the Union during the Civil War. d. a northerner who settled in the South after the war.

d. a northerner who settled in the South after the war.

Know-Nothings

the American Party; anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic

Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan

which specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the Union.

Republican Party

1854 - anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats, Free Soilers and reformers from the Northwest met and formed party in order to keep slavery out of the territories

Battle of Vicksburg

1863, Union gains control of Mississippi, confederacy split in two, Grant takes lead of Union armies, total war begins

Tenure of Office Act

1866 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet

Romanticism

19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason

Rutherford B. Hayes

19th president of the united states, was famous for being part of the Hayes-Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, most corrupt election in US history

Erie Canal

A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825. The canal, considered a marvel of the modern world at the time, allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the West.

Scalawags

A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners

Peculiar Institution

A euphemism for slavery and the economic ramifications of it in the American South. The term aimed to explain away the seeming contradiction of legalized slavery in a country whose Declaration of Independence states that "all men are created equal". It was one of the key causes of the Civil War.

Copperheads

A group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War

The cotton gin

A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793

Carpetbaggers

A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states

Manifest Destiny

A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific.

Nativism

A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones

Walt Whitman

American poet and transcendentalist who was famous for his beliefs on nature, as demonstrated in his book, Leaves of Grass. He was therefore an important part for the buildup of American literature and breaking the traditional rhyme method in writing poetry.

Herman Melville

American writer whose experiences at sea provided the factual basis of Moby-Dick (1851), considered among the greatest American novels

Q049) During the Civil War, the North instituted a draft, but the South never did. True False

False

The Hudson River School

Founded by Thomas Cole, first native school of landscape painting in the U.S.; attracted artists rebelling against the neoclassical tradition, painted many scenes of New York's Hudson River

14th Amendment (1868)

Grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the US"; it forbids any state to deny any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of its laws." Most important law ever passed besides original Constitution and Bill of Rights. It has been the vehicle for the expansion of civil rights, women's rights, gay rights among other movements. It also allowed for the "incorporation doctrine" which means the application of the national Bill of Rights to the states.

Harper's Ferry

John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves, backed by sponsoring, northern abolitionists; seized the federal arsenal; Brown and remnants were caught by Robert E. Lee and the US Marines; Brown was hanged

Black Codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

Emancipation Proclamation

Proclamation issued by Lincoln, freeing all slaves in areas still at war with the Union.

Second National Bank

Proposed by Madison in 1816, would issue national currency, private enterprise with 1/5 owned by government, stabilized economy, opposed by Jackson who was a strict constructionist (he was overidden by Congress); he tried to weaken the bank by creating "pet banks" and telling the states to tax the national government

Transcontinental Railroad

Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US

Radical Reconstruction

Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war

Corrupt Bargain

Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson.

Social Darwinism

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

Southern Secession

The withdrawal from the United States of eleven southern states in 1860 and 1861

During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African-Americans held public office, among them fourteen in the U.S. House of Representatives and two U.S. senators. True False

True

Underground Railroad

a system of secret routes used by escaping slaves to reach freedom in the North or in Canada

(Q025) With the Louisiana Purchase, a. the size of the nation was doubled. b. France gained control of New Orleans. c. Louisiana entered the Union as the eighteenth state. d. the country was bankrupted.

a. the size of the nation was doubled.

(Q016) What effect did the Embargo of 1807 have on manufacturing in the United States? a. stimulated its growth b. caused a sharp collapse in U.S. manufacturers c. reduced it gradually d. reduced production in the North, but increased production in the South

a. stimulated its growth

(Q011) Most of the labor in building the public buildings of the national government in Washington, D.C., was done by a. German stonemasons. b. African-American slaves. c. Irish immigrants. d. indentured servants from Genoa.

b. African-American slaves.

(Q008) The expansionist spirit of the early nineteenth century that God intended the American nation to reach all the way to the Pacific Ocean was called a. anti-imperialism. b. manifest destiny. c. exceptionalism. d. Americanism.

b. manifest destiny

(Q026) On their journey of exploration from Missouri to Oregon, Lewis and Clark were accompanied by the American Indian interpreter a. Hiawatha. b. Sitting Bull. c. Sacajawea. d. Squanto.

c. Sacajawea.

(Q025) The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in December 1865, a. asserted that black men could vote. b. asserted that the nation would proceed "with malice toward none." c. abolished slavery throughout the Union. d. asserted that African-Americans were American citizens.

c. abolished slavery throughout the Union.

(Q002) What was the primary killer of Civil War soldiers? a. the influx of well-intentioned but ill-trained women into soldiers' hospitals b. roving mobs of freed slaves and criminal gangs c. amputations d. infectious diseases

d. infectious diseases

Johnson's Reconstruction Plan

gave the white South a free hand in regulating the transition from slavery to freedom and offered no role to blacks in the politics of the South.

Specie circular

issued by President Jackson July 11, 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed.

(Q029) The "Second War of Independence" was a. the War of 1812. b. the Civil War. c. the quasi-war with France. d. the Spanish-American War.

a. the War of 1812.

(Q012) "Impressment" as practiced by the British was a. enslaving Indians. b. kidnapping sailors. c. the gentlemanly virtue of chivalric honor toward women. d. the act of formally publishing a legal document.

b. kidnapping sailors.

(Q024) The case that established judicial review was a. Ex parte Milligan. b. Leopard v. Chesapeake. c. Fletcher v. Peck. d. Marbury v. Madison

d. Marbury v. Madison.

(Q004) Stretching from Maine to Kentucky, this was the most successful of the religious communities in the mid-1800s. a. Oneida b. Owenites c. Fouierist d. Shakers

d. Shakers

John C. Calhoun

(1830s-40s) Leader of the Fugitive Slave Law, which forced the cooperation of Northern states in returning escaped slaves to the south. He also argued on the floor of the senate that slavery was needed in the south. He argued on the grounds that society is supposed to have an upper ruling class that enjoys the profit of a working lower class.

Nat Turner

Leader of a slave rebellion in 1831 in Virginia. Revolt led to the deaths of 20 whites and 40 blacks and led to the "gag rule' outlawing any discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives

Trail of Tears

The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.

Credit Mobilier Scandal

This scandal occurred in the 1870s when a railroad construction company's stockholders used funds that were supposed to be used to build the Union Pacific Railroad for railroad construction for their own personal use. To avoid being convicted, stockholders even used stock to bribe congressional members and the vice president.

Q040) The Alien Act of 1798 reflected fear of immigrants possessing a. radical political views. b. birth control information. c. pro-U.S. literature. d. passports.

a. radical political views.

(Q001) Two of the most significant factors in the spread and increase of cotton agriculture across the South and West of the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century were a. the invention of the cotton gin and the availability of the Louisiana Territory. b. the eradication of the boll weevil and British industrialization. c. the gifts and donations of land from the Cherokee Tribes and the invention of the cotton gin. d. John Deere's invention of the steel plow and the availability of the Louisiana Territory.

a. the invention of the cotton gin and the availability of the Louisiana Territory.

(Q012) The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in February 1848 a. granted Oklahoma, Nebraska, and Kansas to the United States. b. ended the Mexican War. c. ensured Spanish domination of Mexico for a century. d. was never ratified by the Senate

b. ended the Mexican Wa

(Q019) The Era of Good Feelings was so-called because a. many Americans experienced a boost in their personal economies at this time. b. Whigs defeated Democrats in the midterm elections. c. they were years of one-party government. d. there were more inventions manufactured at this time than ever before.

c. they were years of one-party government

(Q018) The Free Soil Party's platform called for a. the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency. b. declaration of a wide swath of land west of the Appalachian Mountains as a free soil zone in which whiskey could be distilled without being taxed. c. the government to bar slavery from the western territories and provide land free in the territories to people who wanted to homestead there. d. land to be given to freed ex-slaves in the South and for the annexation of Canada.

c. the government to bar slavery from the western territories and provide land free in the territories to people who wanted to homestead there.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony opposed the Fifteenth Amendment because a. there was no way to enforce the amendment. b. it still did not allow African-American men to vote. c. it excluded children under age eighteen. d. it outlawed discrimination in voting based on race but not gender.

d. it outlawed discrimination in voting based on race but not gender

Southern agriculture

The southern economy involved mainly farming - cotton, tobacco, and sugarcane

(Q015) Which of the following is a true statement about Jackson's political beliefs? a. He felt African-Americans should either remain as slaves or be freed and sent abroad. b. He believed that the federal government in Washington, D.C. should be the focal point of governmental activity. c. He was one of the richest men in Kentucky. d. He believed Indians could be assimilated and live within the eastern portions of the Mississippi River.

a. He felt African-Americans should either remain as slaves or be freed and sent abroad.

(Q021) The "Revolution of 1800" was a. the peaceful transfer of the office of the presidency between political parties. b. a rebellion of disgruntled western Massachusetts farmers over increased taxes. c. a recrudescence of the Whiskey Rebellion of four years earlier. d. a slave revolution on the Island of Haiti.

a. the peaceful transfer of the office of the presidency between political parties.

Q036) This religion started after its leader claimed to have been led by an angel to a set of golden plates covered with strange writing, which he translated and later published. a. Quaker b. Lutheran c. Anabaptism d. Mormonism

d. Mormonism

(Q013) When Texas declared itself independent of Mexico, its new constitution a. asserted that all men are created equal and abolished slavery. b. brought it into the Union and declared persons of Spanish, Indian, and African origins equal before the law. c. ratified votes for women. d. protected slavery even though Mexico had earlier abolished slavery.

d. protected slavery even though Mexico had earlier abolished slavery.

(Q016) President James Madison favored a system of national economic incentives for manufacturers, a protective tariff, a new national bank, and federal financing of roads and canals that came to be known as a. the Adams System. b. the Union System of Manufactures. c. the Madisonian System. d. the American System.

d. the American System.

(Q006) Between 1848 and 1860, American trade with China a. doubled. b. steadily declined. c. was cut off due to increased tariffs. d. tripled.

d. tripled.

(Q020) The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 a. admitted Kansas but not Nebraska as a slave state. b. established the principal of popular sovereignty to decide the status of slavery. c. admitted Nebraska but not Kansas as a slave state. d. never became law because of Stephen A. Douglass's opposition to it in Congress.

b. established the principal of popular sovereignty to decide the status of slavery.

Andrew Jackson

(1829-1833) and (1833-1837), Indian removal act, nullification crisis, Old Hickory," first southern/ western president," President for the common man," pet banks, spoils system, specie circular, trail of tears, Henry Clay Flectural Process.

William Henry Harrison

(1841), was an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief Constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe.

Wade-Davis Bill

1864 Proposed far more demanding and stringent terms for reconstruction; required 50% of the voters of a state to take the loyalty oath and permitted only non-confederates to vote for a new state constitution; Lincoln refused to sign the bill, pocket vetoing it after Congress adjourned.

Kitchen Cabinet

A small group of Jackson's friends and advisors who were especially influential in the first years of his presidency. Jackson conferred with them instead of his regular cabinet. Many people didn't like Jackson ignoring official procedures, and called it the "Kitchen Cabinet" or "Lower Cabinet".

(Q037) New York City and Philadelphia experienced what type of violent events in the 1840s and 1850s? a. anti-immigrant riots b. bread riots led by women c. slave rebellions d. Indian attacks

a. anti-immigrant riots

Q004) Which of the following groups was a major target of the New York City draft riots? a. conscription officers b. white women c. Chinese immigrants d. Irish immigrants

a. conscription officers

(Q015) Which of the following was a characteristic of Robert Owen's early-nineteenth-century utopian communities? a. a return to traditional family values practiced in the United States b. Owen promoted communitarianism as a way of making sure workers received the full value of their labor. c. Children, removed from their parents, would be trained to elevate individual ambition over the common good. d. a denouncement of women's rights

b. Owen promoted communitarianism as a way of making sure workers received the full value of their labor.

Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction era shared the view that a. African-Americans should never receive the right to vote, only opportunities to earn wages. b. the Union victory created an opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal rights regardless of race. c. the government should minimize its involvement in the economy and allow laissez-faire to flourish in the South. d. traditions of federalism and states' rights should guide all policy decisions, including those involving race.

b. the Union victory created an opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal rights regardless of race.

(Q019) In the Compromise of 1850, a. the status of slavery in the territory acquired from Mexico was to be determined by the U.S. Congress. b. the slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia. c. slavery was legalized in the nation's capital. d. California entered the Union as a state in which popular sovereignty would determine the future of slavery in the state.

b. the slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia.

Q002) The American Colonization Society called for a. an immediate end to slavery and the assimilation of blacks into American society as full citizens. b. an immediate end to slavery and the resettlement of blacks outside the United States. c. a gradual end to slavery and the assimilation of blacks into American society as noncitizens. d. a gradual end to slavery and the resettlement of blacks outside the United States.

d. a gradual end to slavery and the resettlement of blacks outside the United States.

(Q021) The Homestead Act a. offered Americans a rail ticket for a temporary vacation to the West. b. assisted states in establishing "agricultural and mechanical colleges. "c. guaranteed all freedmen the right to thirty acres and a mule. d. offered 160 acres of free public land to settlers in the West.

d. offered 160 acres of free public land to settlers in the West.

Second Battle of Bull Run

(1862) a Civil War battle in which the Confederate army forced most of the Union army out of Virginia

Andrew Johnson

17th President of the United States, A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president.

Wilmot Proviso

1846 proposal that outlawed slavery in any territory gained from the War with Mexico

Spoils System

A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.

13th Amendment (1865)

Abolition of slavery w/o compensation for slave-owners

John Brown

Abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1858)

John Wilkes Booth

Assassinated Abraham Lincoln

Battle of Antietam

Civil War battle in which the North suceedeed in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest battle of the war resulting in 25,000 casualties

Sam Houston

Commander of the Texas army at the battle of San Jacinto; later elected president of the Republic of Texas

Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river

(Q039) The Know-Nothing Party was founded as a crusade against slavery. True False

False

(Q041) The American Temperance Society, founded in 1826, directed its efforts to redeeming habitual drunkards, not the occasional social drinker. True False

False

(Q043) Horace Mann argued that it was not a school's responsibility to reinforce social stability by rescuing students from the influence of parents who failed to instill the proper discipline in their children. True False

False

(Q044) The Shawnee brothers Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa led the way in promoting Indian adoption of white customs. True False

False

(Q053) Free blacks gained the right to vote in every state in the Union after 1800. True False

False

(Q065) The nineteenth century's "cult of domesticity" applied to slave women as well as white women. True False

False

First Battle of Bull Run

First "real" battle of the Civil War, it was expected by Union officials to be short but ended up a Confederate victory

James Fennimore Cooper (1789-1851)

First great American author; wrote in the early 19th century; wrote The Last of the Mohicans; popularized naturalist literature; explored the line between civilization and nature.

Transcendentalists

Followers of a belief which stressed self-reliance, self- culture, self-discipline, and that knowledge transcends instead of coming by reason. They promoted the belief of individualism and caused an array of humanitarian reforms.

The Bank War

Jackson believed the Bank of US had too much power and was too rich. Vetoed the 2nd Bank charter and withdrew gov't money from the US Banks and put it into "pet banks"

Slave Resistance

Labor Slowdowns, Breaking Tools, Running Away, Underground Railroad, Songs as communication, "stupidness" to get out of working

Democratic Party

One of the two major U.S political party;founded in 1828 by Andrew Jackson to support a decentralized government and state's rights

Stephen Austin

Original settler of Texas, granted land from Mexico on condition of no slaves, convert to Roman Catholic, and learn Spanish

Nicholas Biddle

President of the Second Bank of the United States; he struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to destroy it.

John Quincy Adams

Secretary of State, He served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work.

Horace Mann

Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education; "Father of the public school system"; a prominent proponent of public school reform, & set the standard for public schools throughout the nation; lengthened academic year; pro training & higher salaries to teachers

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million

"Scalawags" was a derogatory term used to describe southern white Republicans. True False

True

(Q039) More Americans died in the Civil War than in any other war in U.S. history. True False

True

(Q042) In the Dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court ruled that African-Americans had no rights that whites were compelled to recognize. True False

True

Black Codes sometimes assigned black children to work for their former masters without parental consent. True False

True

Conscription Acts (both North & South)

Union: required states to draft men to serve in the American Civil War if individual states did not meet their enlistment quotas through volunteers. Confederates: . This legislation required all white males aged eighteen to thirty-five to serve three years of Confederate service if called

Pottawatomie Massacre

When John Brown (abolitionist) and followers murdered 5 pro-slavery settlers in Kansas then mutilated their bodies to scare other slave supporters and to keep slavery supporters from moving into Kansas.

Ironclads

Wooden ships with metal armor that were employed by both sides during the Civil War.

(Q013) The two political parties of the mid-1790s were the a. Republicans and Federalists. b. Republicans and Democrats. c. Democrats and Whigs. d. Federalists and Whigs.

a. Republicans and Federalists.

The Mexican War

after disputes over Texas lands that were settled by Mexicans the United States declared war on Mexico in 1846 and by treaty in 1848 took Texas and California and Arizona and New Mexico and Nevada and Utah and part of Colorado and paid Mexico $15,000,000

Ulysses S. Grant

an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.

(Q014) In 1860, the largest economic investment in the United States was in a. banks. b. slaves. c. canals. d. railroads.

b. slaves

(Q028) The objective of Gabriel's rebellion of 1800 was to a. join the American army and foster a military coup against the presidency. b. take over the city of Richmond and hold whites as hostages. c. blow up the White House in Washington D.C. d. seize a naval warship and sail to the West Indies.

b. take over the city of Richmond and hold whites as hostages.

(Q020) "Manifest destiny" was a. the name of the frigate invented by Robert Fulton that first sailed up the Hudson River. b. the belief that the United States had a divinely appointed mission to expand westward. c. an idea that the truth will manifest itself regarding the politics of the early nation. d. the famous list of the cargo--the manifest--carried by HMS Destiny.

b. the belief that the United States had a divinely appointed mission to expand westward.

(Q018) In the XYZ affair of 1797, a. the British legation was excoriated for the British system of impressment. b. Aaron Burr killed Alexander Hamilton. c. French officials presented American diplomats with a demand for bribes. d. Thomas Jefferson's affair with a slave was kept private.

c. French officials presented American diplomats with a demand for bribes.

(Q002) A significant theme of the Monroe Doctrine was that a. slavery should not be permitted in the American territories above latitude 36°30'. b. Congress is entitled to pass any law to promote the "general welfare," except where explicitly barred by the Constitution. c. the United States needs a world-class national university for women. d. European powers should refrain from further colonization in the Americas

d. European powers should refrain from further colonization in the Americas.

Which statement accurately describes sharecropping? a. It was a government-led economic initiative that sought to have southerners donate their land to the federal government for later dispersal. b. It was a method of harvesting crops such that the topsoil was left intact for next year's agricultural season. c. It meant that black families shared their crops with each other and poor whites, especially in times of famine, flood, or drought. d. It allowed a black family to rent part of a plantation, with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year.

d. It allowed a black family to rent part of a plantation, with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year.

(Q015) The population rush into California in 1848 was a result of a. abolition of slavery. b. free health care. c. the discovery of silver. d. the discovery of gold.

d. the discovery of gold.

Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction a. were predominantly put on trains and sent to northern cities to work in factories. b. were often put on trains and sent out West to live with Native Americans. c. were predominantly convicted and sentenced to execution. d. were often arrested and hired out to white landowners.

d. were often arrested and hired out to white landowners.

(Q018) Early U.S. textile mills relied largely on the labor of a. indentured servants. b. men organized into early trade unions (earlier called "guilds"). c. unskilled boys and young men fresh from the farm. d. women and children.

d. women and children.

Confiscation Act of 1861

declared that slaves used by Confederate states in the war effort were free.

Fire-eaters

refers to a group of extremist pro-slavery politicians from the South who urged the separation of southern states into a new nation, which became known as the Confederate States of America.

William T. Sherman

the Union general who led a 400 mile march of destruction through Georgia and South Carolina burned southern moral

Seneca Fall Convention - Elizabeth Cady Stanton

the first women's rights meeting and it was organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and held in western New York.

(Q008) Which of the following was a mounting source of concern over the effects of the market revolution? a. the increasing dependence of workers upon wage labor b. America's failure to attract many newcomers from Europe c. the increase of small businesses d. the rise of employment

the increasing dependence of workers upon wage labor

Theory of Nullification

the theory that states have the right to nullify a federal law they feel is unconstitutional (Kentucky and Virginia Resolves)

The Freeman's Bureau

to provide food, shelter, clothing, medical services, and land to displaced Southerners, including newly freed African Americans.

(Q038) What was General Grant's strategy in 1864 that became a turning point in the war for ultimate Union victory? a. to encourage African-American slaves to assassinate their southern white masters b. to utilize his troops via the Union Navy for ship to ship attacks on the Atlantic Ocean c. to base his troops in Canada for a final assault against Lee's army in Virginia d. to use as many Union troops on the battlefield as possible in a war of attrition

to use as many Union troops on the battlefield as possible in a war of attrition

"Tariff of Abominations"

was a protective tariff passed in the early 19th century to support growing domestic industries by raising the costs of imported goods

The Black Codes were a. codes of honor imposed upon newly freed black Americans. b. secret codes used by freed blacks in regions where the Ku Klux Klan was strongest. c. a secret code combining elements of Creole and Pidgin English. d. laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves in the South.

d. laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves in the South.

(Q022) The Second Great Awakening was a. Emerson and Thoreau's utopian vision of the labor movement. b. a celebration of the factory replacing outdated methods of producing goods. c. the rebirth of classical learning in the rising American university. d. a popular religious revival that swept the country in the early 1800s.

d. a popular religious revival that swept the country in the early 1800s.

(Q001) One reason the Civil War is often considered the first war of the modern era is that a. Americans could listen to regular radio broadcasts from the front. b. battlefield medicine advanced to the point where almost no soldiers died from wounds that became infected. c. soldiers no longer engaged in hand-to-hand combat. d. civilians were able to follow the course of the war every day due to the telegraph and widespread access to print media.

d. civilians were able to follow the course of the war every day due to the telegraph and widespread access to print media.

(Q002) One of the most significant political consequences that resulted from the spread of cotton agriculture across the South into the Southwest of the nation was that a. slavery became more entrenched in the entire American system and way of life, so that political battles over slavery lessened. b. land prices fell, causing the wealthy elite of the cotton societies to lose their wealth and political clout. c. the value of slaves fell due to the large numbers of them, causing those who had invested heavily in slaves to lose wealth and standing in cotton societies. d. a type of aristocracy emerged that, while it was just a small portion of the population, became quite wealthy and dominated the states of the region politically and socially, and held an outsized amount of power in the national government.

d. a type of aristocracy emerged that, while it was just a small portion of the population, became quite wealthy and dominated the states of the region politically and socially, and held an outsized amount of power in the national government.

(Q014) Which is true of Martin Van Buren's campaign for president? a. Adams set out to reconstruct the Jeffersonian political alliance between the planters of the South and the Plains republicans of the North. b. Adams enjoyed political organization while Van Buren detested it. c. Van Buren typified the old politics while Adams had been the son of a tavern keeper and not a person of great vision or intellect. d. Rather than being dangerous and divisive, he believed political parties were a necessary and desirable element of political life.

d. Rather than being dangerous and divisive, he believed political parties were a necessary and desirable element of political life.

(Q012) What 1793 invention spurred the rise of the Cotton Kingdom and fueled demand for slaves? a. iron smelter b. revolver c. steam engine d. cotton gin

d. cotton gin