History of Atom- Chemistry TEST

Short hand electron for (Cd)

(Kr)5s²4d¹⁰

Quantum number at ground state

1

Dalton's Atomic Theory (John Dalton)

1) elements are composed of atoms. 2) atoms of same element are identical, but differ from other elements. 3) elements can mix together 4) atoms only change when mixed with other elements

an electrically neutral atom of arsenic has

33 protons, 33 electrons

Gold Foil Experiment (Ernest Rutherford)

Conducted by Ernest Rutherford in which alpha particles that were shot at gold foil were deflected when they hit the positive center of gold atoms. The nucleus was discovered as a result of this experiment.

element that is an exception to the aufbau principle

Copper (Cu)

CMYK (also made by reflection) (pigments)

Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black

James Chadwick

Discovered the neutron. unchanged particle

Wavelength

Distance between the crests

what can be concluded from the research of Louis De Broglie

Electrons behave as waves

Where does light come from?

Electrons falling from high energy orbits to low energy orbits.

Democritus

Greek philosopher that said all matter is made of tiny particles called "atomos" or atoms

Atoms have no electric charge because they have

Have an equal number of electrons and protons

Amplitude

Height of a wave

Werner Heisenberg

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

related how alchemy morphed into chemistry

In the beginning the early alchemists thought they could make common items into gold thus increasing their wealth. From the lab we learned that you can make items look like gold but only physically. Common people could be duped into believing those items were real gold

Plum Pudding Model (JJ Thomson)

J.J Thomsons model of an atom, in which he thought electrons were randomly distributed within a positively charged cloud

The electron was discovered in 1897. Who discovered it?

JJ Thomson

In 1808, who was the Quaker teacher that challenged Aristotelian theory with his own Atomic Theory?

John Dalton

who didn't wash their hands when prepping food, causing many to get sick and die

Mary "Typhoid Mary" mallon

Who stipulated that electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energies and distances?

Niels Bohr

light can travel through a vacuum, but a wave can't. So light must be a ____

Particle

what color does lithium emit

Red

Erwin Schrodinger (1926)

Schrodinger Wave Equation. developed an equation that treated electrons in atoms as waves

Marie Curie

She said that radioactivity had nothing to do with how atoms are arranged into molecules. shared elements that emitted radiation

why is the mass number larger than the atomic number

The atomic mass is not equal to the atomic mass number because of isotopes.

compare the size and density of an atom with its nucleus

The nucleus is the tiny central core of the atom and is made up of protons and neutrons (more dense). The atom is larger and less dense (mostly empty space/ electrons).

Louis De Broglie

Theory of Electron Waves. properties of waves offered an explanation to an atoms restricted motion

How is light emitted from electrons?

When excited, an electron moves to a higher energy level or orbital. When the electron falls back to its ground level the light is emitted.

the mass of a neutron is

about the same as that of a proton

which part of daltons atomic theory no longer agree with the current picture of the atom

all elements are indivisible because atoms can be broken into protons

ROY G BIV

as you move right light gains energy, waves become smaller.

neutron

atomic # - mass

refract

bend

what color do pigments that absorb color look like?

black

strontium chloride

bright red

magnesium

bright white light

speed of light

c= 3x10⁸ m/s

a prism separates light by _____

dispersion

What are pigments

dyes that color paints, inks, and even food. they produce reflection.

During the flame test, crystals of a compound are passed through the Bunsen burner flame. the flame turns a bright red color. What can be concluded from this red color?

electrons are moving slow, producing a giant wave length

EM Spectrum

gamma ray, x-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, radio

During a flame test, what color does copper emit?

green

iron chloride

green/yellow sparkles

What is the name for the lowest , most stable energy state of an atom

ground state

lithium chloride

hot pink

A banana reflects yellow light so ____

it absorbs all other colors

which of the following best describes the Heisenberg uncertainty principle

it is impossible to know both the velocity and location of an electron at the same time

sodium chloride

light/bright orange

Electron Cloud Model

model of atom in which the electrons seem to form a cloud as they move around the nucleus

Bohr Model (Niels Bohr)

model of the atom in which electrons move rapidly around the nucleus in paths called orbits

electron

negative charge (mocks # of protons)

location, size, charge for electron

negative, 1/200th of a proton, outside nucleus

location, size, charge for neutron

no charge, almost 1amu, in nucleus

Most of the mass of an atom is located in the ___________.

nucleus

most of the mass of an atom is located in the

nucleus

calcium chloride

orange

Soon after Bohr's planetary model took center stage, experiments showed that electrons behaved _____

particles and waves

a light packet is called a

photon

potassium chloride

pinkish purple (light color)

proton

positive charge (mocks atomic #)

Location, size, charge for proton

positive, 1amu, in nucleus

Atoms of each element contain a unique number of ______ in their nuclei, specific to that element

protons

Which color of the visible light spectrum has the most energy?

purple

what color mixture makes white?? (primary colors) (the colors computers and tvs use)

red, blue, green (RGB)

RGB (lights)

red, green, blue

Who is credited for the gold foil experiment

rutherford

from his Gold foil experiment, Rutherford concluded that

the atom has a dense positive center

What did the gold foil experiment discover?

the nucleus is positively charged

Frequency

the number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of time

What does the mass number tell you?

the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

what is the electron cloud like

used to describe where electrons are when they go around the nucleus of an atom

light is a

wave

How is the number of electrons related to the number of protons

when the atom is neutral (not an ion), they are the same

what color do pigments that reflect color look like?

white

where do different colors come from?

white sunlight, each of these colors has its own frequency, wavelength, and energy. (a prism can separate white light into all of its colors.)