History of Paris exam 1

Catherine de Medici

-born in italy, Married to Henry II. had 10 children, 3 would become king. Very involved with architecture and arts -tore down the tourneys palace and rebuilt it to the tuileries.

Phillippe Auguste

-built the first wall around Paris -idea that the royal authority should have a main spot in Paris was conceived under him -started the Parlement

Maurice de Sully

believed Paris needed a larger church; helped with the building of notre dame

Phillipe le Bel

king who did more harm than good. Arrested the jews, taxed the clergy, arrested hundreds of Knights, seized their treasury. curse of the Templar

Henri II

-catherine Medici's husband -Paris became a center of luxury trade during his reign -

Abbot Suger

-close advisor to both Louis VI and VII -Would weaken the feudal system -enriched the church with item and father of gothic architecure -St Dennis

Stockade city

Earliest type of urban development that "encloses" inhabitants. includes a wide empty space, agricultural district, temple and fortress (usually the same building), and a storehouse

Phillipe Auguste's way of raising money involving the Jews

Employed the Knights Templar as bankers. Arrested Jews in their synagogues and ordered that they buy their freedom. two years later he expelled the jews from France to rid the il de la cite of them. they later resettled in Marais

Chateuax Chambord

Francois I like the area for hunting, so he had a chateaux built here. first royal place outside of paris to be built from scratch. So similar that in theory if cut in half it would be even on both sides.

Lutetia

Roman name for common day paris

Chateaux Chenonceaux

Was originally a bridge. was built and rebuilt and designed by different women. King Henry II's mistress was housed here

Les Halle

city marketplace. Phillipe Auguste had made 2 stone structures to protect people from the elements.

Physical Aspects of the grand chateauxs

cour d'honneur (u-shaped court), italian gardens, italian staircasess, fireplaces, galleries, kitchens, chaise percee (in-room toilet

Earliest definition of a city

crossroads w/in the wall Egyptian definition: communication plus togetherness

Chatueax Blois

duke of Guise was murdered here. Leonardo da Vinci had a hand in designing this. Joan of arc visited here

Islamic legal definition of a city

has a friday preacher, a bazaar, and a public bathhouse

Saint Bartholomews day Massacre

massacre of thousands of protestants in the city and out. lasted days

Capetian dynasty

started with Hugh Capet, ended with Louis X. eleven straight male heirs.

The bank the Romans spread to first

the left bank

Agrarian City

type of urban development where landowners come to live permanently in the stockade. They work outside the wall and bring the harvest inside. The eventual goal of artisan inhabitants is to buy land and retire from trade. Those who do not own land are discriminated and were called brutes

Market city

type of urban development where wealth rather than birth became the main basis of class distinction, the foundation of power and prestige. A merchant can become leader in this type of development.

Francois I

-house of Valois -first renaissance monarch; italophillic -built many chateux in the loire valley -great renaissance man

Paris under St Louis IX

-paris permanent location for national archives -hospital for the blind, home for prostitutes -built saint chapelle -univeristy of Paris = la sorbonne -new rich class of no-nobels -advances style of building -law and order -household ordinance of 1261

Benefits of the wall built under Phillipe Auguste

-protection -its stability was a draw for people to move in -affected urban development -showed that he was committed to the city points of prestige -able to tax those who live w/in the wall

St Louis IX

-very religious king -captured and held for ransom on the seventh crusade. Asked for help from the Knights templar (they originally refused) During this time Pastoureaux attack Paris religious figures throwing them into the seine. -created a better administration and development of the city

Effects of the town vs gown incident

1200 incident where drunken students caused a scene in which one person dies. A nonstudent intervened, causing the king to want nonstudents to leave students alone. Students were then granted virtual immunity from royal justice and all discipline would be handled by the church.

Jean de Jandun

On of the In Old Paris authors. from Champagne, master of the arts. collaborator on Defensor Pacis (which states that all power comes from the people and that the popes only have spiritual power, not temporal). From a wealthy background. Praises the city religiously

Guillebert de Mets

One of the authors from In Old Paris. from town of Grammont. son of a butcher. bookseller, tax collector, alderman, proprietor of an inn. Gave a snapshot of what life in Paris was like. written at the time of animosity b/w duke or burgundy and duke of orleans. describes things flatly

Abelard

Pierre Abelard starts university in Paris greatest love story out of Paris questioned teachers "by doubting we come to inquiry"