History Test 1 CH2

A central element in the definition of English liberty was: a.the right to a trial by jury. b.the right to self-incrimination. c.that each English citizen owned a copy of the English Constitution. d.freedom of expression. e.what an individual king or queen said it was.

a

All of the following contributed to the English social crisis of the late sixteenth century EXCEPT: a.a lower birth rate, which made it difficult to find workers for new industries. b.the enclosure movement, which forced thousands of peasants from farms. c.increased prices buoyed by the influx of gold and silver from Latin America. d.decreased wages in the cities. e.the invasion of the cities by vagrants, who wandered the roads in search of work.

a

For most New Englanders, Indians represented: a.savagery. b.teachers. c.curiosities. d.culture. e.survival.

a

How did the Virginia Company reshape the colony's development? a.It instituted the headright system, giving fifty acres of land to each colonist who paid for his own or another's passage. b.It fired John Smith and brought in a more popular leader. c.It gave control back to the king, who straightened out its problems. d.It required all settlers to grow tobacco, a highly profitable crop. e.It created an executive committee that really ran the colony and a committee of colonists who thought they were running it.

a

In Puritan marriages: a.reciprocal affection and companionship were the ideal. b.divorce was not allowed. c.husbands could beat their wives without interference from the authorities. d.wives were banned from attending church because they might end up disagreeing with how their husbands interpreted the sermon. e.women could speak only when spoken to.

a

In contrast to life in the Chesapeake region, life in New England: a.was more family-oriented. b.did not involve class-based hierarchies. c.was not as deeply religious. d.allowed for equal legal rights for women and men. e.centered on an economy based on one cash crop.

a

Tobacco production in Virginia: a.enriched an emerging class of planters and certain members of the colonial government. b.benefited from the endorsement of King James I. c.declined after its original success, as Europeans learned the dangers of smoking. d.resulted in more unified settlements, thanks to tobacco's propensity to grow only in certain areas of Virginia. e.was under the control of two planters, Walter Winston and the Earl of Kent.

a

What was Puritan leader and Massachusetts Bay Governor John Winthrop's attitude toward liberty? a.He saw two kinds of liberty: natural liberty, the ability to do evil, and moral liberty, the ability to do good. b.He saw two kinds of liberty: negative liberty, the restricting of freedoms for the sake of others, and positive liberty, the assuring of rights through a constitution. c.He believed that individual rights took precedence over the rights of the community. d.He believed in a dictatorship, with only himself in charge of it. e.He believed "liberty" had a religious but not a political meaning.

a

Which of the following best describes how the English viewed Native American ties to the land? a.Although they felt the natives had no claim since they did not cultivate or improve the land, the English usually bought their land, albeit through treaties they forced on Indians. b.They simply tried to wipe out Native Americans and then took their land. c.They encouraged settlers to move onto Native American land and take it. d.They totally respected those ties and let the natives stay in all rural areas, negotiating settlements to obtain the coastal lands. e.The English offered natives the chance to remain on the land as slaves and, when this offer was declined, forced them off of it.

a

Why did England consider Spain its enemy by the late 1500s? a.Because of religious differences: England had officially broken with the Roman Catholic Church, while Spain was devoutly Catholic. b.Because of the Spanish Armada's successful invasion of Great Britain in 1588. c.Because Spain had allied with France to invade English colonies in the New World. d.Because one of Henry VIII's beheaded wives was a Spanish princess, and the Spanish government announced it would be at war with England until Henry apologized. e.Because both the English and Spanish royal families laid claim to the Irish throne

a

Why did King Henry VIII break from the Catholic Church? a.The Pope had banned England from exploring the New World because the Church already had limited land ownership there to Spain and Portugal. b.He wanted a divorce, and the Pope refused to grant it. c.He was trying to unify Great Britain. d.He wanted to be pope, and the College of Cardinals refused to elect an English Catholic. e.He thought the Catholic Church was corrupt and he wanted to protect the English people from its abuses.

b

As a result of British landowners evicting peasants from their lands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries: a.there was an increase in the number of jobless peasants, whom the British government aided with an early form of welfare. b.efforts were made to persuade or even force those who had been evicted to settle in the New World, thereby easing the British population crisis. c.mass numbers of peasants converted from Protestantism to Catholicism, because the Catholic Church took better care of the poor. d.there was a sharp reduction in the number of sheep and other livestock. e.the spread of the Black Plague decreased because of the elimination of cramped living quarters

b

How did Richard Hakluyt explain his claim that there was a connection between freedom and colonization? a.The English constitutional system would improve on Spain's less structured system in the New World. b.English colonization would save the New World from Spanish tyranny. c.The only way to achieve true freedom was through wealth, and the abundant gold in the New World would make all Englishmen wealthy. d.A person was only truly free when outside the constraints of established societies such as those in Europe. e.He claimed no such connection; he saw them as separate and unrelated.

b

How did most Puritans view the separation of church and state? a.They were so determined to keep them apart that they banned ministers from holding office, fearing that they would enact pro-religious legislation. b.They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minister. c.The Massachusetts Bay Colony endorsed the Puritan faith but allowed anyone the freedom to practice or not practice religion. d.They had never even heard of the concept. e.They invented the concept but refused to indulge in it.

b

In Great Britain, the idea of working for wages: a.was so dishonorable that many refused to accept money for their work and instead received food and shelter. b.was associated with servility and the loss of liberty. c.was romanticized in ballads and tales. d.meant true freedom. e.grew more popular among the poor during the sixteenth century.

b

In Puritan New England: a.it was illegal for a woman to have children after the age of twenty-eight, so childbearing began earlier than it did elsewhere. b.infant mortality rates were lower than in the Chesapeake colonies, because the environment was healthier. c.women married at an older age than their English counterparts. d.most women gave birth at least ten times. e.men were required by law to become fathers.

b

In the Pequot War of 1637: a.the Pequots defeated the Puritans in a battle that temporarily drove back the Massachusetts Bay settlers to only three coastal towns. b.Connecticut and Massachusetts soldiers teamed with Narragansett allies to set the main Pequot village afire and kill 500 Pequots. c.the Narragansetts joined the Pequots to fight the Puritans, leading to the elimination of both tribes. d.the barbarity of the Native Americans surprised the colonists. e.the Pequots took over the old Pilgrim colony and made it their own.

b

In the economic exchanges between the English colonists and eastern Native Americans: A.the arrival of new English goods had no impact on how Indians lived. B.Native Americans initially welcomed the colonists' goods. C.Native Americans sought to keep English goods from influencing their religious ceremonies. D.Native Americans never became integrated into the Atlantic economy. E.Native Americans soon saw that the colonists' goods were shoddier than their own.

b

Puritans viewed individual and personal freedom as: a.good, because Massachusetts Bay leaders welcomed debate over religion. b.dangerous to social harmony and community stability. c.important, but they banned neighbors from reporting on one another, because that would breed division that could harm the community. d.vital, because they had been discouraged from enjoying these back in England. e.dangerous to the individual but good for the community.

b

The Native American leader Powhatan: a.tried to avoid trade with the colonists because he believed that it would destroy Native American culture. b.managed to consolidate control over some thirty nearby tribes. c.was the brother of Pocahontas. d.invited the colonists to feasts with his tribe and then slaughtered eighty Virginia settlers. e.won the respect of the colonists when he defeated John Smith in a wrestling match.

b

The Puritans believed that male authority in the household was: a.an outdated idea. b.to be unquestioned. c.so absolute that a husband could order the murder of his wife. d.not supposed to resemble God's authority in any way, because that would be blasphemous. e.limited only by the number of children—the more, the better.

b

The Virginia House of Burgesses: a.was dissolved by King James because he objected to all representative government. b.was created as part of the Virginia Company's effort to encourage the colony's survival. c.banned the importation of servants. d.had more power than the governor. e.was included in the original charter for the Jamestown Colony.

b

To entice settlers to Virginia, the Virginia Company established the headright system, which: a.granted religious freedom. b.provided land to settlers who paid their own and others' passage. c.brought slavery to the colony. d.promised every single man a bride. e.enslaved Indians.

b

What did English settlers in North America believe was the basis of liberty? a.literacy b.land c.the English Bill of Rights d.church membership e.a wage-paying job

b

Which of the following is true of the Puritans of the seventeenth century? a.They were completely unified on all issues. b.They agreed that the Church of England retained too many elements of Catholicism in its rituals and doctrines. c.They differed completely with the views of the Church of England. d.They came to the colonies because they had no hope of holding any power in England. e.John Winthrop founded the church.

b

Which one of the following is true of indentured servants? a.They could not be sold by their masters. b.Their masters could determine whether they could marry. c.Pregnant women received their freedom early. d.They could not be physically punished because, unlike slaves, they had rights as English citizens. e.Three-quarters of them ran away and found permanent freedom.

b

As leader of the Jamestown Colony, John Smith: a.was a failure and had to return to England. b.improved relations with Native Americans by marrying Pocahontas. c.used rigorous military discipline to hold the colony together. d.used an elaborate reward system to persuade colonists to work. e.set up the first representative assembly in the New World.

c

During the seventeenth century, indentured servants: a.made up less than one-third of English settlers in America. b.had to surrender their freedom for a minimum of ten years to come to the colonies. c.had a great deal of trouble acquiring land. d.had to pay half of the fare to get them to the New World. e.were almost entirely Irish.

c

In regard to religious toleration, the Puritans: a.ignored the Reformation. b.encouraged religious dissent. c.saw only their faith as the truth. d.accepted only Christian faiths. e.treated Native American priests as equals.

c

In the seventeenth century, New England's economy: a.grew at a very slow rate because few settlers moved to the region. b.suffered because most early settlers were poor and could not gain access to land. c.centered on family farms and also involved the export of fish and timber. d.boasted a significant manufacturing component that employed close to one-third of all men. e.relied heavily on indentured servants in the labor force.

c

Most seventeenth-century migrants to North America from England: A.arrived with other members of their families. B.were single, middle-class men. C.were lower-class men. D.had been released from debtors' prisons. E.sought to escape the Black Death then ravaging England.

c

The Magna Carta: a.was an agreement between King Henry VIII and the Anglican Church. b.guaranteed religious freedom in Great Britain. c.granted many liberties, but mainly to lords and barons. d.was seen as embodying English freedom, until Parliament repealed it in 1722. e.was, like the English Constitution, unwritten.

c

What benefited the Pilgrims when they landed at Plymouth? a.They met a Native American, Opechancanough, who helped them. b.It was the late spring, so it was planting season. c.Native Americans, decimated by disease, left behind cleared fields for farming. d.The local Indian leader considered the English to be divine. e.John Smith arrived to help organize them.

c

What was Virginia's "gold," which ensured its survival and prosperity? a.cotton b.fur c.tobacco d.indigo e.sugar

c

Which of the following statements is true about the early history of Jamestown? a.The colony's problems were due largely to its leadership: the same people remained in charge for the first two decades and refused to change their methods. b.The first settlers were farmers and laborers who were so eager to make money that they refused to work and could not be controlled. c.The death rate was extraordinarily high. d.The supplies from England were excellent, but the colonists wasted them. e.John Smith took the credit, but he had nothing to do with Jamestown's success.

c

Which statement about women in the early Virginia colony is FALSE? a.Women mostly came to Virginia as indentured servants. b.Some women took advantage of their legal status as femme sole. c.Women consisted of about half the white population. d.Women often married at a relatively late age—mid-twenties. e.There was a high death rate among women.

c

Who received most of the profits from trade between Native Americans and colonists? a.Native Americans b.British soldiers c.colonial and European merchants d.the king e.Parliament

c

ntermarriage between English colonists and Native Americans in Virginia: a.began with the wedding of John Smith and Pocahontas. b.was common. c.was very rare before being outlawed by the Virginia legislature in 1691. d.created a mixed race of Native Americans who often wound up enslaved. e.produced a member of a British royal family who became an Indian chief.

c

In early seventeenth-century Massachusetts, freeman status was granted to adult males who: A.owned land, regardless of their church membership. B.had served their term as indentured servants. C.were freed slaves. D.were landowning church members. e.voted.

d

The Mayflower Compact established: a.religious toleration and freedom in Massachusetts. b.the right to emigrate to America. c.a company chartered to settle New England. d.a civil government for the Plymouth Colony. e.peaceful relations between English colonists and Indians in Rhode Island.

d