HIV/AIDS
When providing teaching for the patient being discharged home on antiretroviral therapy for HIV, which statement will the nurse include? A.Do not eat raw fish. B.Limit food intake to proteins only. C.Avoid ingesting bananas. D.Applesauce may cause you to experience side effects of the medication.
A •Rationale: Dietary teaching for the patient taking ART should include advising the patient to eat a variety of foods and to avoid ingesting raw eggs and raw fish and cooking of meats to advised temperature. Advise patient how to minimize side effects (e.g., take specific drug with food) and discuss diet of banana, rice, applesauce, and toast for management of diarrhea.
The nurse working in an HIV testing and treatment clinic plans teaching about antiretroviral therapy for a 1.Patient who tested positive for HIV 3 years ago and has developed tuberculosis. 2.Male health care worker who is HIV negative but has unprotected sex with men. 3.Patient who was infected with HIV 10 years ago and has a CD4+ T-cell count of 650/μL. 4.Patient with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy who was exposed to HIV 2 years previously.
Answer: 1 Rationale: Antiretroviral therapy initiation is recommended for the following patients infected with HIV: history of AIDS-defining illness (such as tuberculosis), CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/uL or between 200 and 350 cells/uL, pregnant women, persons with HIV-associated nephropathy, and persons co-infected with hepatitis B.
A patient asks the nurse what part of the body is most affected by the HIV virus. The nurse informs the patient that HIV primarily affects which system? A.Cardiovascular B.Immune C.Renal D.Hepatic
Answer: B Rationale: HIV damages the immune system by destroying CD4 T-cells
A health care provider has been exposed to HIV while caring for a patient. Following the postexposure prophylaxis regimen (PEP), the health care provider will most likely receive treatment for how long? A.1 week B.2 weeks C.3 weeks D.4 weeks
Answer: D Rationale: Many PEP regimens are available, with varying degrees of tolerability and probability of patients completing 4 weeks of treatment.
The nurse informs the patient with a bacterial pneumonia that the most important factor in antibiotic treatment is 1.Antibiotics should have been used to prevent pneumonia. 2.All of the supplied antibiotics should be taken even when symptoms have resolved. 3.Enough antibiotics for 2 days' treatment should be reserved in case symptoms recur. 4.Patients should request antibiotics for upper respiratory infections to prevent development of streptococcal-related diseases.
Answer: b Rationale: To prevent the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms, patients need to take the entire prescription even if symptoms have resolved. Antibiotics should not be used routinely to prevent bacterial pneumonia.
A diagnosis of AIDS can be made for a patient with HIV with 1.a CD4+ T-cell count <500/µL. 2.a WBC count <3000/µL (3 × 109/L). 3.development of oral candidiasis (thrush). 4.onset of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)
Answer: d Rationale: The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has established criteria for a patient to be diagnosed with AIDS. AIDS is diagnosed when an HIV-positive individual develops at least one of several criteria: examples are CD4+ T-cell count less than 200 cells/uL and fungal infection such as Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP). Candidiasis infection must be of the bronchi, trachea, lungs, or esophagus (not only the mouth).
The nurse identifies which condition as a common bacterial opportunistic infection seen in patients with HIV? A.Cytomegalovirus B.Candidiasis C.Toxoplasmosis D.Tuberculosis
D Rationale: Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection. Cytomegalovirus is a virus. Candidiasis is a fungal infection. Toxoplasmosis is a protozoal infection
A patient with HIV is at risk for what due to anemia
Inadequate gas exchange
Highest concentration in HIV is
Semun blood breast milk vaginal secreations
Perinatal
from the vagina; from contact with maternal blood and body fluids during birth or from breast milk
Parenteral
sharing of needles or equitment contaminated with blood
