HLT 230 - Chapter 4
Match the areas of the tongue with the specfic taste to which it is particularly senstive Tip Side Rear
-Sweet -Salty/sour =Bitter
Rank the levels of organization in the body from the simplest to the most complex
1. Cell 2. Tissue 3. Organ 4. Organ system
sections of the small intestines in order as they appear in the GL tract
1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3.Ileum
Place the major organs of the digestive tract in the correct order
1. Mouth 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Small intenstine 5. Large intestine
A negative consequence of having gallstones can be
A blockage of bite flow into the small intenstine
A sore that occurs in the lining of the upper gl tract is called
A peptic ulcer
The "energy currency" of our cells is
ATP
______ is the process by which nutrients and other substances are taken up by the digestive tract
Absorption
Intestinal gas is produced by ___________ which are found in the large intestine
Bacteria
Diarrhea often results from which two causes?
Bacterial infections or viral infections
Amino acids, minerals and glucose are water soluble and thus enter the _____ of the villus and are eventually transported to the liver by the portal vein
Capillary network
Nutrients we consume from foods and beverages that acn be metabolized for energy
Carbohydrates, Fats, proteins
Reactions that involve the breakdown of molecules are called
Catabolic
Prior to their absorption, intestinal absorptive cells package water-insoluble nutrients, like fatty acids, into
Chylomicron
Once food enters the stomach and is mixed with gastric juice, the churning action of the somach transforms it into a semisolid liquid called
Chyme
Proteins that help chemical reactions occur in your body are called
Enzymes
The long muscular tube that connects the back of your mouth with the stomach is called the
Esophagus
Frequent acid reflux can be a symptom of ______
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
The symptoms of heartburn are often caused by a failure of the ____ to close properly
Gastroesophageal sphincter
______ Includes chemical reactions that release energy from macronutrients, make proteins, and eliminate waste products
Metabolism
Functions of the stomach
Mixes food with gastric juice, release chyme into the small intestines, some digestion and absorption may occur
Anaerobic metabolism makes _________ aerobic metabolism
Much less ATP than
Energy is defined as the capacity to
Perform work
Waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract are called
Peristalsis
Which of the following are functions of the liver?
Produces bile produces new cells and repairs damaged cells makes cholesterol
The ring of muscular tissue at the base of the stomach that controls chyme release is called the
Pyloric sphincter
Treatment if severe diarrhea includes drinking water replacements fluids that contain which of the following ingredients?
Simple sugars, sodium, and potassium
Most nutrient digestion and absorption occurs in the
Small intestine
Cells that are similar characteristics join together into larger masses are called
Tissues
Cancer that starts in either the colon or the rectum is called
colorectal cancer
_______ is present when feces are dry and difficult or painful to eliminate
constipation
The digestive system is an example of an
organ system
Most of the digestive enzymes are produced by the
pancreas
Chemotherapy Biological therapy radiation therapy surgery
uses drugs to kill cancer cells involves antibodies that binds to cancer cells, interfering with the cells ability to grow and spread uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells removes the diseased area of the large intestines.
Which of the following are examples of organ systems
Cardiovascular, digestive, and endocrine system
The smallest functional unit in the body is a
Cell
The process of digestion involves which two types
Chemical and mechanical digestion
Which of the following are two functions of the digestive system?
Transports nutrients into the blood or lymph Process foods into nutrients
True or false" to prevent spreading dangerous microbes from the intestinal tract people should wash their hands after using the bathroom
True
The unpleasant experience that prevents toxic substances from entering the small intestines is called ___________
Vomiting
A collection of tissues that function in a related fashion is called
An organ
An omnivore is an organism that digests and absorbs nutrients from
Animals, plants, fungi