HLT 230 - Chapter 4

Match the areas of the tongue with the specfic taste to which it is particularly senstive Tip Side Rear

-Sweet -Salty/sour =Bitter

Rank the levels of organization in the body from the simplest to the most complex

1. Cell 2. Tissue 3. Organ 4. Organ system

sections of the small intestines in order as they appear in the GL tract

1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3.Ileum

Place the major organs of the digestive tract in the correct order

1. Mouth 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Small intenstine 5. Large intestine

A negative consequence of having gallstones can be

A blockage of bite flow into the small intenstine

A sore that occurs in the lining of the upper gl tract is called

A peptic ulcer

The "energy currency" of our cells is

ATP

______ is the process by which nutrients and other substances are taken up by the digestive tract

Absorption

Intestinal gas is produced by ___________ which are found in the large intestine

Bacteria

Diarrhea often results from which two causes?

Bacterial infections or viral infections

Amino acids, minerals and glucose are water soluble and thus enter the _____ of the villus and are eventually transported to the liver by the portal vein

Capillary network

Nutrients we consume from foods and beverages that acn be metabolized for energy

Carbohydrates, Fats, proteins

Reactions that involve the breakdown of molecules are called

Catabolic

Prior to their absorption, intestinal absorptive cells package water-insoluble nutrients, like fatty acids, into

Chylomicron

Once food enters the stomach and is mixed with gastric juice, the churning action of the somach transforms it into a semisolid liquid called

Chyme

Proteins that help chemical reactions occur in your body are called

Enzymes

The long muscular tube that connects the back of your mouth with the stomach is called the

Esophagus

Frequent acid reflux can be a symptom of ______

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

The symptoms of heartburn are often caused by a failure of the ____ to close properly

Gastroesophageal sphincter

______ Includes chemical reactions that release energy from macronutrients, make proteins, and eliminate waste products

Metabolism

Functions of the stomach

Mixes food with gastric juice, release chyme into the small intestines, some digestion and absorption may occur

Anaerobic metabolism makes _________ aerobic metabolism

Much less ATP than

Energy is defined as the capacity to

Perform work

Waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract are called

Peristalsis

Which of the following are functions of the liver?

Produces bile produces new cells and repairs damaged cells makes cholesterol

The ring of muscular tissue at the base of the stomach that controls chyme release is called the

Pyloric sphincter

Treatment if severe diarrhea includes drinking water replacements fluids that contain which of the following ingredients?

Simple sugars, sodium, and potassium

Most nutrient digestion and absorption occurs in the

Small intestine

Cells that are similar characteristics join together into larger masses are called

Tissues

Cancer that starts in either the colon or the rectum is called

colorectal cancer

_______ is present when feces are dry and difficult or painful to eliminate

constipation

The digestive system is an example of an

organ system

Most of the digestive enzymes are produced by the

pancreas

Chemotherapy Biological therapy radiation therapy surgery

uses drugs to kill cancer cells involves antibodies that binds to cancer cells, interfering with the cells ability to grow and spread uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells removes the diseased area of the large intestines.

Which of the following are examples of organ systems

Cardiovascular, digestive, and endocrine system

The smallest functional unit in the body is a

Cell

The process of digestion involves which two types

Chemical and mechanical digestion

Which of the following are two functions of the digestive system?

Transports nutrients into the blood or lymph Process foods into nutrients

True or false" to prevent spreading dangerous microbes from the intestinal tract people should wash their hands after using the bathroom

True

The unpleasant experience that prevents toxic substances from entering the small intestines is called ___________

Vomiting

A collection of tissues that function in a related fashion is called

An organ

An omnivore is an organism that digests and absorbs nutrients from

Animals, plants, fungi